Similarity Properties Research Articles

Theoretical studies of N2-broadened half-widths of H2O lines involving high j states

Based on the properties of the energy levels and wave functions of H2O states, one can categorize H2O lines into individually defined groups such that within the same group, the energy levels and the wave functions associated with two paired lines have an identity property while those associated with different pairs have a similarity property. Meanwhile, by thoroughly analyzing processes used to calculate N2-broadened half-widths, it was found that the ‘Fourier series’ of and and a factor P 222(jf τf jiτi ) are the key items in the Robert-Bonamy formalism to distinguish contributions to ReS 2(rc ) among different transitions of jf τf ← ji τi . However, these items are completely determined by the energy levels and the wave functions associated with their initial and final states and they must bear the latter's features as well. Thus, it becomes obvious that for two paired lines in the same group, their calculated half-widths must be almost identical and the values associated with different pairs must vary smoothly as their ji values vary. Thus, the pair identity and the smooth variation rules are established within individual groups of lines. One can use these rules to screen half-width data listed in HITRAN and to improve the data accuracies.

Sierpinski Carpet Fractal Antenna for Multiband Applications

Planar antenna with Microstrip feed Sierpinski carpet fractal geometry for multiband applications is presented. The multiband behavior is analyzed through two fractal iterations. Self similarity property of fractal technology is applied in the antenna design to reduce the physical size, increase bandwidth and gain. The proposed antenna covers multi bands such as 1.8/5.59/5.78/6.4/6.63/7.84 GHz. The parameters of the antenna such as radiation pattern, return loss and Gain are simulated using the method of moments (IE3D) software.

A Series of α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Allosteric Modulators with Close Chemical Similarity but Diverse Pharmacological Properties

Acetylcholine activates nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) by binding to an extracellular site located at the interface of two adjacent subunits. In contrast, recent studies have provided evidence that positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) such as TQS (4-(naphthalen-2-yl)-3a,4,5,9b-tetrahydro-3H-cyclopenta[c]quinoline-8-sulfonamide) and allosteric agonists such as 4BP-TQS (4-(4-bromophenyl)-3a,4,5,9b-tetrahydro-3H-cyclopenta[c]quinoline-8-sulfonamide) interact at an intrasubunit transmembrane site. Here, we describe the synthesis and pharmacological characterization of a series of chemically related allosteric modulators of the α7 nAChR. Minimal changes in the chemical structure of these compounds have been found to exert profound effects on their pharmacological properties. For example, compounds containing a bromine atom at either the ortho or meta position on the phenyl ring, such as 2BP-TQS (4-(2-bromophenyl)-3a,4,5,9b-tetrahydro-3H-cyclopenta[c]quinoline-8-sulfonamide) and 3BP-TQS (4-(3-bromophenyl)-3a,4,5,9b-tetrahydro-3H-cyclopenta[c]quinoline-8-sulfonamide), rather than at the para position (4BP-TQS), display no allosteric agonist activity but retain PAM activity on α7 nAChRs, demonstrating the importance of the location of the halogen atom on pharmacological properties. Replacement of the bromine atom in 4BP-TQS with either a chlorine [4CP-TQS (4-(4-chloroophenyl)-3a,4,5,9b-tetrahydro-3H-cyclopenta[c]quinoline-8-sulfonamide)] or an iodine atom [4IP-TQS (4-(4-iodoophenyl)-3a,4,5,9b-tetrahydro-3H-cyclopenta[c]quinoline-8-sulfonamide)] results in compounds that have pharmacological properties characteristic of allosteric agonists but display differences in activation rates, in inactivation rates, and in levels of desensitization. In contrast, replacement of the bromine atom in 4BP-TQS with a fluorine atom [4FP-TQS (4-(4-fluorophenyl)-3a,4,5,9b-tetrahydro-3H-cyclopenta[c]quinoline-8-sulfonamide)] generated a compound that lacks allosteric agonist activity but acts a potentiator of responses to acetylcholine. In addition, 4FP-TQS was found to act as an antagonist of responses evoked by allosteric agonists such as 4BP-TQS. These findings provide evidence of the pharmacological diversity of compounds interacting with the allosteric transmembrane site on α7 nAChRs.

LES of temporally evolving mixing layers by an eighth-order filter scheme

An eighth-order filter method for a wide range of compressible flow speeds (H.C. Yee and B. Sjogreen, Proceedings of ICOSAHOM09, June 22-26, 2009, Trondheim, Norway) are employed for large eddy simulations (LES) of temporally evolving mixing layers (TML) for different convective Mach numbers (Mc) and Reynolds numbers. The high order filter method is designed for accurate and efficient simulations of shock-free compressible turbulence, turbulence with shocklets and turbulence with strong shocks with minimum tuning of scheme parameters. The value of Mc considered is for the TML range from the quasi-incompressible regime to the highly compressible supersonic regime. The three main characteristics of compressible TML (the self similarity property, compressibility effects and the presence of large-scale structure with shocklets for high Mc) are considered for the LES study. The LES results using the same scheme parameters for all studied cases agree well with experimental results of Barone et al. (2006), and published direct numerical simulations (DNS) work of Rogers & Moser (1994) and Pantano & Sarkar (2002).

COMPACT DUAL-BAND DUAL-RING PRINTED MONOPOLE ANTENNAS FOR WLAN APPLICATIONS

Three dual band planar monopole antennas for wireless local area network (WLAN) application are proposed. The antennas have common conflguration in the form of rectangular, rhombic and annular double rings. All the antennas use the self similarity property to exhibit dual band characteristics. The proposed antennas cover the frequency bands of the IEEE 802.11a/b/g (2.4{2.48GHz, 5.15{ 5.35GHz and 5.725{5.825GHz), and have radiation patterns that are; almost omnidirectional in the H-plane, and like monopole pattern in the E-plane. The simulation results are analyzed and compared with measured results for veriflcation. During the last decade, enormous advancements in designing wireless systems have been achieved. The portable devices in the market are ofiering many advantages like the small size, low cost and the support of many applications like Bluetooth, internet service, making calls and GPS services. Variety of applications, which are working on designated frequency bands, need antennas operating on these bands to be mounted in the same device. The use of more than one antenna in the same device is not a practical solution, because of the limited size in the new wireless devices. Therefore, various antennas working on dual or multi bands have been developed by the researchers over the years. Taking the beneflts of utilizing the self similarity property of fractal shapes a dual band fractal monopole was proposed by (1,2). The use of slot structures to achieve multi-band characteristics was proposed in (3{5). The use of ring shaped antenna to operate on dual

An Improved Name Disambiguation Method Based on Atom Cluster

An improved name disambiguation method based on atom cluster. Aiming at the method of character-related properties of similarity based on information extraction depends on the character information, a new name disambiguation method is proposed, and improved k-means algorism for name disambiguation is proposed in this paper. The cluster analysis cluster is introduced to the name disambiguation process. Experiment results show that the proposed method having the high implementation efficiency and can distinguish the different people with the same name.

DNA family shuffling within the chicken avidin protein family – A shortcut to more powerful protein tools

Avidins represent an interesting group of proteins showing high structural similarity and ligand-binding properties but low similarity in primary structure. In this study, we show that it is possible to create functional chimeric proteins from the avidin protein family when applying DNA family shuffling to the genes of the avidin protein family: avidin, avidin related gene 2 and biotin-binding protein A. The novel chimeric proteins were selected by phage display biopanning against biotin, and the selected enriched proteins were characterized, displaying diverse features distinct from the parental genes, including binding to cysteine.

Symmetry and similarity properties of 2D figures

A new algorithm has been developed to sort two-dimensional figures by their shape. Thealgorithm can find the figures having equal or approximately equal shape independently fromgeometrical measures and the complexity of the shapes. It is based on the definition of the symmetrydiagram which was introduced for symmetry recognition originally. The new method can be used forsorting different parts at assembly lines and for reverse engineering, too.

Study of the multiparticle events structure with fractal geometry methods

Recently, a large variety of experimental results indicated that multiparticle production in high energy collisions possesses a self similarity property when the resolution in phase space is increased. In analogy with the well known phenomena in geometrical and statistical systems exhibiting self similarity, it was suggested that the ideas of deterministic chaos in nonlinear physics can be used to analyze the data of multiplicity production at high energy collisions. We discuss the implementation of fractal dimension analysis to heavy-ion collisions at relativistic energies.

Probabilistic Soft Error Detection Based on Anomaly Speculation

Microprocessors are becoming increasingly vulnerable to soft errors due to the current trends of semiconductor technology scaling. Traditional redundant multi-threading architectures provide perfect fault tolerance by re-executing all the computations. However, such a full re-execution technique significantly increases the verification workload on the processor resources, resulting in severe performance degradation. This paper presents a pro-active verification management approach to mitigate the verification workload to increase its performance with a minimal effect on overall reliability. An anomaly-speculation-based filter checker is proposed to guide a verification priority before the re-execution process starts. This technique is accomplished by exploiting a value similarity property, which is defined by a frequent occurrence of partially identical values. Based on the biased distribution of similarity distance measure, this paper investigates further application to exploit similar values for soft error tolerance with anomaly speculation. Extensive measurements prove that the majority of instructions produce values, which are different from the previous result value, only in a few bits. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme accelerates the processor to be 180% faster than traditional fully-fault-tolerant processor with a minimal impact on overall soft error rate.

Cosine interesting pattern discovery

Recent years have witnessed an increasing interest in computing cosine similarity between high-dimensional documents, transactions, and gene sequences, etc. Most previous studies limited their scope to the pairs of items, which cannot be adapted to the multi-itemset cases. Therefore, from a frequent pattern mining perspective, there exists still a critical need for discovering interesting patterns whose cosine similarity values are above some given thresholds. However, the knottiest point of this problem is, the cosine similarity has no anti-monotone property. To meet this challenge, we propose the notions of conditional anti-monotone property and Support-Ascending Set Enumeration Tree ( SA-SET). We prove that the cosine similarity has the conditional anti-monotone property and therefore can be used for the interesting pattern mining if the itemset traversal sequence is defined by the SA-SET. We also identify the anti-monotone property of an upper bound of the cosine similarity, which can be used in further pruning the candidate itemsets. An Apriori-like algorithm called CosMiner is then put forward to mine the cosine interesting patterns from large-scale multi-item databases. Experimental results show that CosMiner can efficiently identify interesting patterns using the conditional anti-monotone property of the cosine similarity and the anti-monotone property of its upper bound, even at extremely low levels of support.

Simultaneous entrainment of oil and water droplets in high Reynolds number gas turbulence in horizontal pipe flow

We develop a 1D cross sectional concentration profile model for oil and water droplets that coexist in the turbulent gas phase (of Re ∼ 10 6) in near horizontal stratified pipe flows. Entrainment of the oil and water mixture from a liquid film near the bottom of the pipe into the gas is modeled based on earlier single-fluid entrainment correlations. A Gamma distribution for the droplet sizes based on the breakup of liquid filaments, is adopted. An explicit algebraic–exponential formula for the total concentration profile for either phase can then be derived. We find evidence for entrainment controlled by the dominant fluid (oil), and the minority fluid (water) is entrained and carried more passively by the majority fluid. The self similarity and scaling properties of the droplet distributions are demonstrated, and the results are consistent with the presence of two separate oil and water droplet populations. The experimental concentration profiles were obtained by using an iso-kinetic probe. The fluids were Exxsol-D80 and water, and the gas was SF 6, to emulate high pressure field conditions. The liquid fractions were 1% and 5%, and the pipe diameter was 10 cm.

Key masking using biometry

We construct an abstract model based on a fundamental similarity property, which takes into account parametric dependencies and reflects a specific collection of requirements. We consider a method for masking a cryptographic key using biometry, which satisfies the constructed model and guarantees an adequate practical security level.

Magnetic instability in a rotating layer at highly eccentric positions of the critical level

AbstractThis study follows the numerical results presented in Marsenić & Ševčík (2010) that explored the influence of the critical level position on stability of a system. The model was a horizontal fluid layer between z = ±0.5d rotating with an angular velocity Ω = Ω0ž about the vertical axis z. The fluid was considered to be inviscid, finitely electrically conducting and incompressible and was permeated by a horizontal magnetic field B0 = ℬ︁0B0(z)y̌, where ℬ︁0 was the magnitude of the field and the function B0(z) = tanh [γ (z –z0)]. When γ is large, the field gradient is concentrated near z = z0, the critical level, the field being almost homogeneous elsewhere. In this way it controls the width of the magnetic shear layer associated with the current sheet. It was found that at conditions when the magnetic field gradient was large enough (γ = O (10)) and the critical level was placed close enough to the (bottom) perfectly conducting boundary (z0 < –0.388d for γ = 80), magnetically driven convection appeared localized to a close neighbourhood of the critical level – the so called critical layer. Based on the circumstances of its rise and its properties it was identified with the resistive tearing‐mode instability. This paper presents an analytical treatment of the problem assuming γ ≥ 1. The approach consists in separation of the computational domain into an outer region where the diffusionless limit (Elsasser number Λ → ∞) applies and an inner region (the critical layer) of finite conductivity. According to the tearing‐mode theory in classical systems, the solution in the inner region is sought as long‐wavelength with respect to the width of the critical layer. The obtained solution shows features similar to the one obtained numerically and confirmed relevance of the simplifying physical assumptions made in each region. The convection in the critical layer is strictly conditioned by a sharp magnetic shear. If the shear region is removed by further positioning of the critical level towards the perfectly conducting boundary, the localized convection disappears. It is in compliance with the fact that the system is stabilised by a perfectly conducting boundary with respect to the tearing mode. Stability is then checked numerically in the layer bounded by perfectly conducting boundaries where the critical point of the magnetic field lies on one of them. The existence of a magnetically driven instability is confirmed. Depending on the value γ, it may rise as a stationary convection (for γ < 1.5) or as a wave which for γ > 16 exhibits similarity properties (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

Validity Evaluation of Different Laboratory Asphalt Concrete Material Compaction Methods with Digital Image Processing Technique

The digital image processing technique was applied to analyze and evaluate the coarse aggregate orientation property in asphalt mixture specimens. Specimens produced by Marshall compaction, vibratory compaction, gyratory compaction, and roller compaction were separately evaluated and compared with the core samples drilled from real asphalt pavement. The quantitative index named maximum likelihood angle (MLA) was developed for statistical analysis on the coarse aggregate orientation. It is found that the coarse aggregate orientation properties of the specimens using different compaction methods have great differences, the specimens produced by laboratory Marshall compaction method has no statistical discipline, the specimen produced by laboratory roller compaction method has the best similarity property with the real asphalt pavement. The results indicate that the MLA is an effective index in evaluating the aggregate orientation, and the roller compaction method should be the first choice in laboratory asphalt mixes specimen preparation.

Wavelet Analysis of Self Similar Functions

The self-similarity property of some kind of fractals is studied by using Harmonic Wavelets. The scale invariance of fractals is compared with the scale dependence of wavelets. Harmonic wavelets are complex values wavelets, with sharp compact support in frequency domain, which show some kind of self-similarity with respect to scale changes. Due to their self similarity property and scale dependence, harmonic wavelets can offer an expedient tool for a good approximation and analysis of a suitable class of deterministic (finite energy) fractals. It is shown that (localized, deterministic) fractals are characterized by their wavelet coefficients. In particular, the Riemann-Weirstrass and Riemann-Cellérier function can be easily represented in terms of harmonic wavelets, in the sense that their wavelet coefficients can be easily (and analytically) computed. Some equations for generating self-similar functions are eventually given as well.

SIMILARITY PROPERTIES AND SCALING LAWS OF RADIATION HYDRODYNAMIC FLOWS IN LABORATORY ASTROPHYSICS

The spectacular recent development of modern high-energy density laboratory facilities which concentrate more and more energy in millimetric volumes allows the astrophysical community to reproduce and to explore, in millimeter-scale targets and during very short times, astrophysical phenomena where radiation and matter are strongly coupled. The astrophysical relevance of these experiments can be checked from the similarity properties and especially scaling law establishment, which constitutes the keystone of laboratory astrophysics. From the radiating optically thin regime to the so-called optically thick radiative pressure regime, we present in this paper, for the first time, a complete analysis of the main radiating regimes that we encountered in laboratory astrophysics with the same formalism based on Lie group theory. The use of the Lie group method appears to be a systematic method which allows us to construct easily and systematically the scaling laws of a given problem. This powerful tool permits us to unify the recent major advances on scaling laws and to identify new similarity concepts that we discuss in this paper, and suggests important applications for present and future laboratory astrophysics experiments. All these results enable us to demonstrate theoretically that astrophysical phenomena in such radiating regimes can be explored experimentally thanks to powerful facilities. Consequently, the results presented here are a fundamental tool for the high-energy density laboratory astrophysics community in order to quantify the astrophysics relevance and justify laser experiments. Moreover, relying on Lie group theory, this paper constitutes the starting point of any analysis of the self-similar dynamics of radiating fluids.

Predicting the points of interaction of small molecules in the NF-κB pathway.

BackgroundThe similarity property principle has been used extensively in drug discovery to identify small compounds that interact with specific drug targets. Here we show it can be applied to identify the interactions of small molecules within the NF-κB signalling pathway.ResultsClusters that contain compounds with a predominant interaction within the pathway were created, which were then used to predict the interaction of compounds not included in the clustering analysis.ConclusionsThe technique successfully predicted the points of interactions of compounds that are known to interact with the NF-κB pathway. The method was also shown to be successful when compounds for which the interaction points were unknown were included in the clustering analysis.

Application of electric fields uniform in the Euler sense in electron spectrography

A new approach is developed for determining optimal electron-optics media in which the idea of the electron (ion) spectrograph can effectively be implemented. This approach is based on electrostatic fields with the Laplace potential obeying the Euler uniformity condition. The operation principle of the spectrograph with such coupling fields is associated with the special similarity property of constant-energy families of trajectories with different energies under uniformity conditions. For constructing the required fields, we propose a new method of analytic representation, in which the Donkin complex representation apparatus for conical fields plays the leading role. The algorithms developed here make it possible to easily construct the uniform potentials in a wide class in which classical solid spherical harmonics and spherical functions are just special cases. The Cauchy problem is formulated and solved in the general closed analytic form for uniform potentials with a symmetry plane. A number of specific structures of this class are considered.

Similar model reference adaptive control with bounded control effort

AbstractIn this article, we propose an indirect similar model reference adaptive control scheme (SMRAC) in which the reference model is no longer constrained to be fixed but may be time varying in order to assure a bounded control effort, measured as the shift from the plant poles to the reference model poles. The reference model may be time varying, but its dimensionless description is kept constant; hence, the reference output, in a dimensional analysis sense, is similar. The similarity property guarantees that the dimensionless output properties of the reference model, such as the % overshoot, are kept unmodified during operation. The ideas presented in the paper allow the user to set a control effort level and the SMARC scheme maintains the control effort bounded while keeping the dimensionless properties of the reference output unaltered. This property is interesting because due to error parameter estimation and/or time‐varying system parameters, the use of a fixed reference model can lead to either problems on actuator saturation or loss in achievable performance. The proposed scheme keeps the control effort bounded, while the dimensionless output properties are kept constant. The ideas presented may be extended to other adaptive control schemes. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.