Agricultural Property Research Articles

The influence of nixtamalization on antioxidant capacity and Sensorial Attributes on Gluten Free Bread

ABSTRACT Maize and sorghum have been recognized for their nutritional and agricultural properties and relevance. The primary objective of this research was to evaluate the phenolic content, antioxidant capacity (AC), and sensory attributes of gluten-free bread elaborated with nixtamalized sorghum and maize. Phenolic content was evaluated by Folin-Ciocalteu method and antioxidant capacity was assessed by ABTS (2,2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazo-line-6-sulfonic acid)) and DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl). The phenolic content of the bread samples ranged from 1.23–3.67 and from 2.41 to 6.22 mg GAE (gallic acid equivalents)/g sample for maize and sorghum breads, respectively. The AC was assessed using ABTS and DPPH radical, results of this parameter presented a strong correlation with phenolic content. Also, with the ABTS methodology lower values of AC were obtained. Breads elaborated with nixtamalized flours have antioxidant capacity. Among the breads evaluated, sorghum breads received higher overall acceptance as compared to maize breads and higher values of phenolic content and AC.

Juridical Study of the Settlement of Land Dispute Case of Laba Pura Bukit Jati in Bangli Regency

Based on this theory, the Laba Pura area is the Kanista Mandala Pura, or the temple grounds outside the temple itself. The focus of this research is to conduct a thorough investigation of the land dispute in Bukit Jati Temple, Bangli Regency. Therefore, it is expected that Pengempon Pura is able to manage Pura Profits creatively in order to help maintain a harmonious balance in temple operations. Normative legal research is the research methodology used in this thesis. People easily divert Pura Profit land because they consider it as ordinary land, just like other agricultural properties. Efforts to preserve customary land must be watched by the government and temple owners, therefore Laba Pura land or also known as Pelaba Pura land needs legal protection. Legal certainty usually views the trustworthiness of the transfer of land rights in Laba Pura as equivalent to the transfer of land ownership rights.

Implementation of integrated nutrient management (MIN) on small agricultural properties: case studies in Mozambique

Integrated nutrient management is a sustainable approach that combines nutrient management practices to improve soil fertility and agricultural productivity while minimising environmental impacts. This article reviews the implementation of integrated nutrient management on small holder farms, focusing on case studies globally and in Mozambique. Integrated nutrient management integrates the use of organic and inorganic fertilisers, crop rotation and soil cover to optimise nutrient efficiency and preserve soil health. Case studies show that, globally, integrated nutrient management can increase productivity and sustainability, while in Mozambique, practices such as green manuring and nutrient recycling have shown significant benefits. However, implementation faces challenges such as technical complexity, initial costs and the need for institutional support. Future prospects include strengthening public policies, adopting innovative technologies and adapting to climate change. Integrated nutrient management offers a promising path to transform small-scale agriculture, promoting food security and ecological resilience. Through a commitment to innovation and local adaptation, integrated nutrient management can become a standard agricultural practice, empowering farmers and contributing to global sustainability.

Unearthing the impact of land use on deep soil carbon−an example from the southwestern Australian wheatbelt

AbstractClimate change resulting from anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is both a topic that is gaining greater societal attention and an area where greater efforts are being made for their mitigation. Increasing soil organic carbon (SOC) has been proposed as one of the mechanisms through which atmospheric carbon can be sequestered and has the potential co‐benefit of also improving soil productivity. A wide range of factors have been found to influence SOC contents, especially when depth is considered, and as such regionally specific sampling is useful to understand SOC dynamics. In this study, soil samples from an agricultural property in the West Australian Wheatbelt were analysed. The samples came from four different land uses: salinity revegetation, annual grazing, forage shrub, and perennial grazing. Samples were taken at four depth intervals up to 1 m and their general characteristics as well as each of their total organic carbon, dissolved organic carbon and microbial biomass carbon values analysed. A microbial incubation experiment was conducted over 28 days to assess the stability of the soil carbon and the extent to which this depends on the soil's clay content. This study found that depth and land use were statistically significant in both SOC concentrations and SOC stability. Soil clay content was a significant factor in the stability of SOC, explaining 38% of the variation in SOC stability. Furthermore, the study reveals that excluding soil below 30 cm depth in SOC analysis can result in a global underestimation of SOC values. An understanding of this is important for wheatbelt producers to be better equipped to understand and respond to, the market pressures exerted by societies and industries to move closer to their claimed net‐zero emissions targets.

Biotechnological frontiers in harnessing allelopathy for sustainable crop production.

Allelopathy, the phenomenon in which plants release biochemical compounds that influence the growth and development of neighbouring plants, presents promising opportunities for revolutionizing agriculture towards sustainability. This abstract explores the role of biotechnological advancements in unlocking the potential of allelopathy for sustainable crop production and its applications in agriculture, ecology, and natural resource management. By combining molecular, genetic, biochemical, and bioinformatic tools, researchers can unravel the complexities of allelopathic interactions and their potential for sustainable crop production and environmental stewardship. The development of novel management methods for weed control is getting a lot of attention with the introduction of new genetic technologies such as Gene drive, Transgene technologies, Gene silencing, Marker-assisted selection (MAS), and Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR-Cas9). By strengthening competitive characteristics these tools hold great promise for boosting crops' ability to compete with weeds. Considering recent literature, this review highlights the genetic, transcriptomics, and metabolomics approaches to allelopathy. Employing allelopathic properties in agriculture offer sustainable benefits like natural weed management, pest management, and reduced chemical pollution, but challenges include environmental factors, toxicity, regulatory hurdles, and limited resources. Effective integration requires continued research, regulatory support, and farmer education​. Also, we aimed to identify the biotechnological domains requiring more investigation and to provide the basis for future advances through this assessment.

The Importance of Measures Undertaken to Improve the Quality of Life in the Problem Areas: A Case Study in Warmia and Mazury Region in Poland

State agencies set up to manage the agricultural properties of the State Treasury, in subsequent years of their operation, have been implementing programs that are also intended to improve the social and living situation of the inhabitants of former state-owned farm villages. Such measures include non-refundable financial support distributed by the National Support Centre for Agriculture (NSCA). The research aimed to assess whether non-refundable financial aid improves the quality of life of local communities living in rural areas, particularly in former state-owned farm areas identified as problem areas. Another objective aspect of the research was to indicate the importance of this assistance in the opinion of the beneficiaries of this form of support (district authorities) and local communities. Improvement of the quality of life of rural inhabitants and support for the development of rural areas by local governments can be achieved by taking advantage of potential development factors and opportunities emerging in the environment and by being able to establish effective cooperation with various institutions. For local development to proceed smoothly, especially in rural areas, various institutions and economic players need to reach a consensus, become involved, and work together efficiently. A possible instrument to achieve this is the non-repayable financial support distributed by the National Support Centre for Agriculture (NSCA), which-according to the research-brings measurable effects.

Protection of Agricultural Genetic Resources in China

The protection of agricultural genetic resources, which represents a core element in the agricultural intellectual property (IP) system, will play an important role in realizing China's Rural Revitalization Strategy. In order to substantiate the need for improved agricultural property protection in China, the article examines existing issues in this area, including a weak understanding of IP protection on the part of rural people, imperfections in the existing legal framework, a lack of creative personnel working in the IP, inadequate support from government and other departments, as well as a lacking innovation mindset on the part of entrepreneurs. Proposed approaches for improving the legal awareness of agricultural genetic resource protection include increasing professional competencies in the aforementioned area and ensuring the participation of rural people in the protection of their agricultural genetic resources.

The First French BIT

Abstract This article draws upon original research in the French government archives to uncover the story of the negotiations of France’s first bilateral investment treaty – a 1963 treaty with Tunisia. France’s model for the treaty was not Germany’s now-famous 1959 investment treaty with Pakistan but, rather, Switzerland’s own (and far more obscure) first investment treaty, also with Tunisia. The article also shows that the treaty’s invocation of ‘fair and equitable treatment’ was intended to reflect only what customary international law already required. The treaty, despite the lack of an investor-state arbitration clause, seems to have been a relative success. France and Tunisia, entangled in a complex and sensitive post-colonial relationship, successfully managed the fallout from Tunisia’s sudden nationalization of French-owned agricultural properties.

Specification of Rhizospheric Characteristics of Some Bacteria Identified by MALDI TOF MS from Agricultural Soils in Kirsehir Province (Akçakent and Çiçekdağı) Districts

The rhizosphere are site of plant-microorganism interaction, and have critical impotance in events like nutrient supply, the production of compounds that support plant growth and phytopathogen protection. This study reports 52 bacteria isolated from 5 different plant rhizospheres (Hordeum vulgare, Avena sativa, Cicer arietinum, Helianthus annuus, and Phaseolus vulgaris) of two agricultural districts of Kırşehir (Akçakent and Çicekdağı regions) in Türkiye. Morphological, biochemical, plant growth-promoting characteristics (including production of indole-3-acetic acid, siderophore, nitrogen fixation, and phosphate solubilization) using MALDI-TOF-MS techniques were used to identify the isolates. Among all isolates, 33 isolate were Gram positive and 19 were Gram negative. Furthermore 40% of them were classified as Bacillus species, 10% belonged to Pseudomonas species, 7% were Acinetobacter species, 4% were Pantoeae species, and 39% other species (Blastomonas, Lysinibacillus, Comamonas, Alcaligenes, Bifidobacterium, Aromatoleum). It was seen that 12 isolates fixed nitrogen, 8 isolates produced dissolved inorganic phosphate, 12 isolates produced siderophores, 9 isolates were produced by IAA, and 14 isolates produced HCN during the screening of plant growth promoting properties. It is concluded that the culture of bacteria living in the rhizosphere are essential to promote soil fertility and sustainable agriculture. Therefore, there is a need to identify and use these strains with plant growth promoting properties in agriculture.

Effect of cattle manure on soil compaction in the brazilian semi-arid region

Soil organic matter is seen as the most important factor in the assessment of soil management systems that affect soil quality and agricultural sustainability. Cattle manure added to crop residues left on the surface of the soil or incorporated have been used on agricultural properties in the semi-arid region of Brazil in the crop-livestock production system as an alternative for sustainable production. However, information on the benefits that this system can bring regarding the physical and mechanical properties of the soil is still limited. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of cattle manure on soil susceptibility to compaction, using the Proctor test. Samples of a “Neossolo Fluvico Ta Eutrofico” were collected at depths of 0 to 5 cm, 5 to 10 cm and 10 to 20 cm of an area cultivated with corn in the semi-arid region of Brazil. The Proctor test was carried out in the laboratory with samples obtained from depths of 0 to 5cm and 5 to 10cm without and with the addition of 15% and 30% of cattle manure. The experimental design was randomized blocks, arranged in a 3x2x3 factorial consisting of soil without manure, soil with 15% manure and soil with 30% manure from both depths and three replications. The maximum soil density, water content and organic carbon were evaluated. The results indicate that cattle manure can be an effective alternative in crop-livestock production systems on agricultural properties in the Brazilian semi-arid region, reducing soil compaction and leveraging agribusiness with sustainability.

The Effect of Grass Juices on The Agricultural Properties of Legumes Grown in Different Root Media

The consumption of grass juices obtained from cereals for health purposes is increasing day by day. For this purpose, research on different plant solutions has gained momentum. In our study, barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and oat (Avena sativa L.) grass juices grown in hydroponic conditions were used. Obtained grass juices were applied to pea and lupine seeds in 100% soil (control), 100% pumice, 100% perlite, 100% tea waste and 100% cocopeat substrate. Germination percentage, germination rate, average daily germination, peak value, germination value, root dry and fresh weight, stem dry and fresh weight, root and stem length, plant yield, grass yield, plant yield seed rate, macro and micro (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn and Mn) mineral substance contents were investigated pea and lupine. Grass juices were obtained by mowing barley and oat seeds sown in 30 × 50 × 7 cm plastic tubs in ten days and passing them through a juicer. Pea and lupine 25 seeds, which were placed in each pot, were grown in different root media (100% soil, 100% cocopeat, 100% pumice, 100% perlite, and 100% tea waste) under in vitro conditions. 150 ml of water (control), barley grass juice, oat grass juice and barley + oat grass juice were applied to the seeds according to their subjects. The experiment was carried out in 400 pots with 10 replications x 2 species x 4 treatments x 5 media, according to the factorial fully randomised design. As a result of the research, germination physiology (germination percentage, germination rate, average daily germination, peak value and germination value), mineral substance content (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn and Mn), growth and yield parameters at (root dry and wet weight, stem dry and wet weight, root and stem length, plant yield, grass yield, plant yield seed rate) barley grass juice application was found to be more effective than other applications after control. In all parameters examined in the research, it was determined that the five different medias used as growing media followed the order of soil>cocopeat>pumice>perlite>tea waste, and after the control and the best growing medium was cocopeat.

Legal responsibility in agricultural relations

In modern conditions of modernization of state agricultural policy, the role of agricultural law, subject of legal regulation, protection of the interests of the entities of agricultural sector, and ensuring food security of the republic is increasing. The goal is to study the features of agricultural legal relations, identifying main problems associated with the application of legal liability. Analysis of the state, use of rules and norms of agricultural legislation and development of measures aimed to support, stimulate, and protect the rights of agricultural producers in Kazakhstan. The methods are based on materials from domestic and foreign scientists, scientific publications, and changes in legislative regulations. A comparative analysis and assessment of legal relations in agro-industrial production were used. Results - the state of affairs is considered and important issues of application of legal responsibility in the context of lawful actions and its features are identified. Various types of violations of legal obligations are analyzed: non-compliance with land use rules, sanitary and hygienic requirements, environmental standards - illegal use of pesticides, abuse of antibiotics in raising livestock, violation of environmental standards that can pollute water or damage the soil. Conclusions - the authors propose a number of effective measures to improve legal behavior in agricultural entities: strengthening control by the state law enforcement agencies, creating more effective punishment mechanisms, increasing awareness of participants in agricultural legal relations, which will prevent unfair practices and will promote conservation of natural resources and environment. Agricultural law presupposes land, property, labor, financial, and management relations in agriculture. This contributes to organizational, production and economic activities of agricultural production entities in accordance with the goals of entrepreneurship in agricultural sector.

Planowanie terenów rolniczych w Bułgarii - obecna funkcjonalność prawodawstwa i perspektywy

Development Planning for the Agricultural Territory is a problematic activity in Bulgaria in terms of the existing legal requirements. Bulgarian legislation contains certain gaps in regulating and technically ensuring the agricultural land planning. This is well settled in relation to the other types of territories like the Urban, Forest, and Protected ones, which planning rules and activities are regulated in details. The purpose of the paper is firstly to justify the necessity of improving and detailing the legal regulations for the agricultural land development planning, and secondly to suggest some expert approaches for improving and harmonization of legislation in connection with registration of the agricultural property by Agricultural Territory Development Plan (ATDP), Restored Property Map (RPM) and Cadastral Map (CM). The current legal grounds for planning development of the agricultural land in Bulgaria are presented and analysed. Lack of detailed regulations on their scope, content and operation have been found. It is also a matter of applicability of the newly created municipal CMs in settling land relations such as purchases and sales of land, inheritances, divisions, and changing the primary purpose of use of Agricultural Territory for construction. The completeness of CM with information about the quality of agricultural lands is still not regulated by Cadaster and Property Register Act. The paper contains specific proposals for amendments in Spatial Planning Act, Cadastral and Property Registry Act and Agricultural Land Ownership and Use Act.

Humic Acid-Functionalized Lignin-Based Coatings Regulate Nutrient Release and Promote Wheat Productivity and Grain Quality.

The rational application of fertilizers is crucial for achieving high crop yields and ensuring global food security. The use of biopolymers for slow-release fertilizers (SRFs) development has emerged as a game-changer and environmentally sustainable pathway to enhance crop yields by optimizing plant growth phases. Herein, with a renewed focus on circular bioeconomy, a novel functionalized lignin-based coating material (FLGe) was developed for the sustained release of nutrients. This innovative approach involved the extraction and sustainable functionalization of lignin through a solvent-free esterification reaction with humic acid─an organic compound widely recognized for its biostimulant properties in agriculture. The primary objective was to fortify the hydration barrier of lignin by reducing the number of its free hydroxyl groups, thereby enhancing release control, while simultaneously harnessing the agronomic benefits offered by humic acid. After confirming the synthesis of functionalized lignin (FLGe) through 13C NMR analysis, it was integrated at varying proportions into either a cellulosic or starch matrix. This resulted in the creation of five distinct formulations, which were then utilized as coatings for diammonium phosphate (DAP) fertilizer. Experimental findings revealed an improved morphology and hardness (almost 3-fold) of DAP fertilizer granules after coating along with a positive impact on the soil's water retention capacity (7%). Nutrient leaching in soil was monitored for 100 days and a substantial reduction of nutrients leaching up to 80% was successfully achieved using coated DAP fertilizer. Furthermore, to get a fuller picture of their efficiency, a pot trial was performed using two different soil textures and demonstrated that the application of FLGe-based SRFs significantly enhanced the physiological and agronomic parameters of wheat, including leaf evolution and root architecture, resulting in an almost 50% increase in grain yield and improved quality. The results proved the potential of lignin functionalization to advance agricultural sustainability and foster a robust bioeconomy aligning with the premise "from the soil to the soil".

The effect of mechanical compaction on the soil water retention curve: Insights from a rapid image analysis of micro-CT scanning

Soil hydrological and agricultural properties are highly affected by the soil water retention characteristics, which are closely related to the void size distribution and structure of the soil. Agricultural lands are often faced with the challenge of soil compaction, which alters the size, shape, connectivity, and morphology of soil voids. To determine the water retention curve and other hydrological and agricultural functions of un-compacted and compacted sandy soils, we used micro-CT techniques and image analysis procedures in both two and three dimensions. We found that these techniques were reliable, as they were validated against physical measurements and empirical physically-based models, and provided a relatively simple and fast way to characterize the key features of soil hydrological and agricultural properties. The findings highlight the impact of compaction on the soil void size distribution, resulting in increased water holding capacity, greater water availability for root uptake, and reduced hydraulic conductivity. We also discussed the differences between the two and three-dimensional analyses, highlighting the better ability to characterize soil hydrological and agricultural functions and soil water retention curve using the three-dimensional image analysis approach.

Production optimization through linear programming in agricultural properties

Production optimization through linear programming in agricultural properties

CONDITIONING OF LEASING OF STATE TREASURY’S AGRICULTURAL LAND IN THE WARMIA-MAZURY REGION

The aim of this research was to identify factors conditioning usage of leasing as a form of management of agricultural lands in the region of Warmia and Mazury. It was based on survey research conducted among 134 agricultural land leaseholders and buyers from the Warmia-Mazury region. By the end of 2020, 824.7 thousand ha of agricultural land was repossessed by the Treasury Agricultural Property Stock in the Warmia-Mazury Voivodship, out of which 83.6% was leased. The main source of financing of the farms expansion was own resources, bank credit, and subsidies and dotation from the EU. At the same time, the development and functioning of farms were mostly influenced by resource factors (area, quality of the farm land, machinery park), production profitability which depends on prices of means of production, subsidies from EU funds, farm land prices, agricultural production cost, demand for agricultural produce and their unstable purchase prices. Different perception of factors conditioning the development and functioning of farms was due to the size of a farm. As the results of the analysis indicate, the development and functioning of farms with area above 100 ha were more dependent of owned machinery park, qualifications of labour on the local market, costs of credit taken to purchase agricultural land, as well as procedures to obtain subsidies from EU funds.

Performance of a low-cost hydraulic ram pump as a function of variations in feed height and inlet pipe diameter

Access to water in rural areas is extremely important in the different activities that occur daily on agricultural properties, whether for human consumption, animal watering, irrigation and other purposes. This access is often difficult and costly, especially for small rural producers who do not have the financial capacity to purchase an electric pump, or do not have electricity on their property. In this sense, alternative water pumping, without the need to use electrical energy or energy from the burning of fossil fuels, can be a good alternative and deserves to be studied. Based on these premises, the objective of this research was to study the performance of the repressed flow, obtained by a low-cost hydraulic ram, installed in different hydraulic scenarios. The methodology consisted of installing equipment built in the Irrigation, Hydraulic and Hydrology Laboratory of the Agricultural Sciences Center of the State University of the Tocantina Region of Maranhão (LIHH/CCA/UEMASUL), for this, different hydraulic scenarios were created depending on the interaction of different feeding heights and different pipe diameters, which constituted the experimental treatments. The results found allowed us to conclude that the highest average pressure flow was obtained in the hydraulic scenario that presented the greatest geometric difference between the water source and the hydraulic ram with the largest diameter of the inlet pipe, with an average of 9,539.21 L.d-1 of repressed water. It was also possible to prove that this equipment constitutes a good alternative for pumping water on small rural properties.

THE DEGREE OF IMPLEMENTATION OF SELECTED LOGISTICS ACTIVITIES ON FARMS

The aim of the research was to identify the degree of implementation of selected logistics activities on farms. The subject of the research were logistic activities (in the field of supply, sales, transport and storage) carried out on farms using the Agricultural Property Resource of the State Treasury located in the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship. The research was conducted using a diagnostic survey method using a questionnaire. To the greatest extent, the respondents carried out activities related to the assessment of suppliers and recipients, optimized the transport of agricultural vehicles and machines, monitored fuel consumption and complied with technical inspections of means of transport, as well as applied procedures for the proper storage of materials. To a much lesser extent, the surveyed farms defined standards of relations with customers, categorized means of transport in terms of external and internal transport, and used energy-saving systems in warehouses. Determining the level of advancement of logistics processes against the background of opportunities resulting from technological and organizational progress may indicate the direction of the development of logistics strategies and profile the scope of economic consulting related to the development of logistics functions on farms. The development of logistics processes on farms will allow, among others, for easier integration with other links in the food chain.

Uma análise do programa Agentes Locais de Inovação nos processos produtivos da criação de animais no Nordeste brasileiro

Abstract The Local Innovation Agents Program (ALI) is an initiative of the Brazilian Micro and Small Business Support Service (Sebrae) that offers specialized support to promote increased productivity through innovation. The LIA plays a fundamental role in promoting the competitiveness improvement of Brazilian micro and small companies. The success of the Program in micro and small companies in the commerce and service sectors was responsible for the expansion of the methodology to rural businesses. Given this context, the purpose of this research was to evaluate the impact of the ALI Program methodology on the production processes of animal husbandry (cattle, goats, and sheep) in Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. To this end, two sub-dimensions of the Innovation Radar were analyzed, before and after monitoring agricultural properties, aiming to identify the operations and procedures adopted to improve the production process and evaluate the solutions chosen to solve property problems. The results demonstrated that the monitored properties showed an improvement of 19.74% in their production processes after monitoring and that the ALI Rural Program methodology had a positive impact on improving the production processes of animal husbandry in RN.