Algebraic Properties Research Articles

Elegant dihedral beams

Abstract Elegant Hermite-Gauss beams are a well-known family of structured beams. Although Siegman proposed them several decades ago, their properties continue to be studied and exploited. In this work, a group theory-based framework that introduces new classes of symmetric elegant beams is presented. Our formulation exploits the algebraic properties of the dihedral group of rotations and reflections to transform an input beam into a closed-form family of interference patterns with dihedral symmetry. Our approach is inspired by one of the outcomes of this work: elegant Hermite-Gauss beams can be described as a dihedral interference pattern of elegant traveling waves, a new set of solutions to the paraxial equation also developed in this paper. Taking elegant traveling waves as input beams, they are transformed into what we have called elegant dihedral beams. They have dihedral-symmetric transverse profiles and quasi-crystalline properties, including features like phase singularities, self-healing, and pseudo-nondiffracting propagation, as well as containing elegant Hermite and Laguerre-Gauss beams as special cases.

Lebesgue-Fourier algebras on coset spaces and approximate amenability

Let K be a compact subgroup of a locally compact group G. In this work, we initiate an investigation of the Lebesgue-Fourier algebra S 1 A(G/K) on the coset space G/K with pointwise multiplication; after some general results on the Banach algebra S 1 A(G/K), as our main result, we give some necessary conditions for that S 1 A(G/K) be approximately amenable in terms of algebraic and topological properties of G and K .

The common solution space of general relativity

We review the solution space for the field equations of Einstein's General Relativity for various static, spherically symmetric spacetimes. We consider the vacuum case, represented by the Schwarzschild black hole; the de Sitter-Schwarzschild geometry, which includes a cosmological constant; the Reissner-Nordström geometry, which accounts for the presence of charge. Additionally we consider the homogenenous and anisotropic locally rotational Bianchi II spacetime in the vacuum. Our analysis reveals that the field equations for these scenarios share a common three-dimensional group of point transformations, with the generators being the elements of the D⊗sT2 Lie algebra, known as the semidirect product of dilations and translations in the plane. Due to this algebraic property the field equations for the aforementioned gravitational models can be expressed in the equivalent form of the null geodesic equations for conformally flat geometries. Consequently, the solution space for the field equations is common, and it is the solution space for the free particle in a flat space. This approach open new directions on the construction of analytic solutions in gravitational physics and cosmology.

Boundary crossing problems and functional transformations for Ornstein–Uhlenbeck processes

ABSTRACT We are interested in the law of the first passage time of an Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process to time-varying thresholds. We show that this problem is connected to the laws of the first passage time of the process to members of a two-parameter family of functional transformations of a time-varying boundary. For specific values of the parameters, these transformations appear in a realisation of a standard Ornstein–Uhlenbeck bridge. We provide three different proofs of this connection. The first is based on a similar result for Brownian motion, the second uses a generalisation of the so-called Gauss–Markov processes, and the third relies on the Lie group symmetry method. We investigate the properties of these transformations and study the algebraic and analytical properties of an involution operator which is used in constructing them. We also show that these transformations map the space of solutions of Sturm–Liouville equations into the space of solutions of the associated nonlinear ordinary differential equations. Lastly, we interpret our results through the method of images and give new examples of curves with explicit first passage time densities.

The Leonardo polynomials and their algebraic properties

The Leonardo polynomials and their algebraic properties

Double sequences of complex uncertain variables associated with multiplier sequences

Abstract In this article we introduce the notion of double sequences of complex uncertain variables associated with multiplier sequences. We study their different algebraic and topological properties like solidity, symmetricity, completeness etc.

Soft-int Almost Interior Ideals for Semigroups

Just as the concept of interior ideal of semigroups is a generalization of ideal in semigroups, the notion of soft intersection (soft-int) interior ideal is a generalization of soft-int ideal. In this paper, we propose the concepts of soft-int (weakly) almost interior ideal of a semigroup as a generalization of the nonnull soft-int interior ideals. We explore their algebraic properties in detail. We also show that an idempotent soft-int almost interior ideal is a soft-int almost subsemigroup. We additionally derive several intriguing relations related to semiprimeness, minimality, and (strongly) primeness between almost interior ideals and soft-int almost interior ideals.

Applying the monomiality principle to the new family of Apostol Hermite Bernoulli-type polynomials

Abstract In this article, we introduce a new class of polynomials, known as Apostol Hermite Bernoulli-type polynomials, and explore some of their algebraic properties, including summation formulas and their determinant form. The majority of our results are proven using generating function methods. Additionally, we investigate the monomiality principle related to these polynomials and identify the corresponding derivative and multiplicative operators.

SOME PROPERTIES OF A TRIPLE SEQUENCE SPACES OF FUZZY REAL NUMBERS BY DOUBLE ORLICZ FUNCTIONS

This study uses a double Orlicz functions to provide some new triple sequence spaces. the researcher addresses to prove various algebraic and topological properties of these spaces, such as completeness, solidity, monotonicity, symmetry and convergence indepece. Moreover, This research analyze the relationships between these spaces.

Graded pseudo weakly prime spectrum of graded topological modules

In this study, we introduce graded pseudo weakly prime submodules of G-graded R-modules, which are an extension of graded weakly prime ideals over G-graded rings. On the graded spectrum of graded pseudo weakly prime submodules, we investigate the Zariski topology. Different aspects of this topological space are investigated, and they are linked to the algebraic properties of the G-graded R-modules under study.

On the Various Energy Forms of the Join of Complete Graphs

The concept of graph energy, first introduced in 1978, has been a focal point of extensive research within the field of graph theory, leading to the publication of numerous articles. Graph energy, originally associated with the eigenvalues of the adjacency matrix of a graph, has since been extended to various other matrices. These include the maximum degree matrix, Randić matrix, sum-connectivity matrix, and the first and second Zagreb matrices, among others. In this paper, we focus on calculating the energy of several such matrices for the join graph of complete graphs, denoted as J m ( K n ) . Specifically, we compute the energies for the maximum degree matrix, Randić matrix, sum-connectivity matrix, first Zagreb matrix, second Zagreb matrix, reverse first Zagreb matrix, and reverse second Zagreb matrix for J m ( K n ) . Our results provide new insights into the structural properties of the join graph and contribute to the broader understanding of the mathematical characteristics of graph energy for different matrix representations. This work extends the scope of graph energy research by considering these alternative matrix forms, offering a deeper exploration into the algebraic and spectral properties of graph energy in the context of join graphs.

SUFFICIENT CONDITIONS FOR A GROUP OF HOMEOMORPHISMS OF THE CANTOR SET TO BE TWO-GENERATED

AbstractWe introduce and study two conditions on groups of homeomorphisms of Cantor space, namely the conditions of being vigorous and of being flawless. These concepts are dynamical in nature, and allow us to study a certain interplay between the dynamics of an action and the algebraic properties of the acting group. A group $G\leq \operatorname {Homeo}(\mathfrak {C})$ is vigorous if for any clopen set A and proper clopen subsets B and C of A, there is $\gamma \in G$ in the pointwise stabiliser of $\mathfrak {C}\backslash A$ with $B\gamma \subseteq C$ . A nontrivial group $G\leq \operatorname {Homeo}(\mathfrak {C})$ is flawless if for all k and w a nontrivial freely reduced product expression on k variables (including inverse symbols), a particular subgroup $w(G)_\circ $ of the verbal subgroup $w(G)$ is the whole group. We show: 1) simple vigorous groups are either two-generated by torsion elements, or not finitely generated, 2) flawless groups are both perfect and lawless, 3) vigorous groups are simple if and only if they are flawless, and, 4) the class of vigorous simple subgroups of $\operatorname {Homeo}(\mathfrak {C})$ is fairly broad (the class is closed under various natural constructions and contains many well known groups, such as the commutator subgroups of the Higman–Thompson groups $G_{n,r}$ , the Brin-Thompson groups $nV$ , Röver’s group $V(\Gamma )$ , and others of Nekrashevych’s ‘simple groups of dynamical origin’).

A Framework for I*-Statistical Convergence of Fuzzy Numbers

In this study, we investigate the concept of I*-statistical convergence for sequences of fuzzy numbers. We establish several theorems that provide a comprehensive understanding of this notion, including the uniqueness of limits, the relationship between I*-statistical convergence and classical convergence, and the algebraic properties of I*-statistically convergent sequences. We also introduce the concept of I*-statistical pre-Cauchy and I*-statistical Cauchy sequences and explore its connection to I*-statistical convergence. Our results show that every I*-statistically convergent sequence is I*-statistically pre-Cauchy, but the converse is not necessarily true. Furthermore, we provide a sufficient condition for an I*-statistically pre-Cauchy sequence to be I*-statistically convergent, which involves the concept of I*−liminf.

On cubic-line arrangements with simple singularities

In the present note, we study combinatorial and algebraic properties of cubic-line arrangements in the complex projective plane admitting nodes, ordinary triple and A5\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$A_{5}$$\\end{document} singular points. We deliver a Hirzebruch-type inequality for such arrangement and study the freeness of such arrangements providing an almost complete classification.

On Arithmetical Traits of Doubt Fuzzy T-Ideals beneath the Normalization is a T-Algebra

The normal doubt fuzzy T-ideal and poset under the set of inclusion principle in T-algebra are defined in this article, along with several algebraic properties and instances that are covered in detail.

Difference Gai Sequences of Interval numbers with respect to Orlicz Function

In this article we have introduced some classes generalized difference () Gai sequences of interval numbers with Orlicz functions M. We have studied some algebraic and topological properties of the classes of sequences like, linearity, completeness, solid, symmetric and convergence free.

Difference Schemes for Differential Equations with a Polynomial Right-Hand Side, Defining Birational Correspondences

This paper explores the numerical intergator of ODE based on combination of Appelroth’s quadratization of dynamical systems with polynomial right-hand sides and Kahan’s discretization method. Utilizing Appelroth’s technique, we reduce any system of ordinary differential equations with a polynomial right-hand side to a quadratic form, enabling the application of Kahan’s method. In this way, we get a difference scheme defining the one-to-one correspondence between the initial and final positions of the system (Cremona map). It provides important information about the Kahan method for differential equations with a quadratic right-hand side, because we obtain dynamical systems with a quadratic right-hand side that have movable branch points. We analyze algebraic properties of solutions obtained through this approach, showing that (1) the Kahan scheme describes the branch points as poles, significantly deviating from the behavior of the exact solution of the problem near these points, and (2) it disrupts algebraic invariant variety, in particular integral relations describing the relationship between old and Appelroth’s variables. This study advances numerical methods, emphasizing the possibility of designing difference schemes whose algebraic properties differ significantly from those of the initial dynamical system.

Model-theoretic properties of nilpotent groups and Lie algebras

We give a systematic study of the model theory of generic nilpotent groups and Lie algebras. We show that the Fraïssé limit of 2-nilpotent groups of exponent p studied by Baudisch is 2-dependent and NSOP1. We prove that the class of c-nilpotent Lie algebras over an arbitrary field, in a language with predicates for a Lazard series, is closed under free amalgamation. We show that for 2<c, the generic c-nilpotent Lie algebra over Fp is strictly NSOP4 and c-dependent. Via the Lazard correspondence, we obtain the same result for c-nilpotent groups of exponent p, for an odd prime p>c.

Vector multispaces and multispace codes

Basic algebraic and combinatorial properties of finite vector spaces in which individual vectors are allowed to have multiplicities larger than 1 are derived. An application in coding theory is illustrated by showing that multispace codes that are introduced here may be used in random linear network coding scenarios, and that they generalize standard subspace codes (defined in the set of all subspaces of Fqn) and extend them to an infinitely larger set of parameters. In particular, in contrast to subspace codes, multispace codes of arbitrarily large cardinality and minimum distance exist for any fixed n and q.

Flipped non-associative polynomial rings and the Cayley–Dickson construction

We introduce and study flipped non-associative polynomial rings. In particular, we show that all Cayley–Dickson algebras naturally appear as quotients of a certain type of such rings; this extends the classical construction of the complex numbers (and quaternions) as a quotient of a (skew) polynomial ring to the octonions, and beyond. We also extend some classical results on algebraic properties of Cayley–Dickson algebras by McCrimmon to a class of flipped non-associative polynomial rings.