Characterization Of Properties Research Articles

Characterization of Intermediate Temperature Fracture Properties of Asphalt Mixtures as Measured with Different Tests

Characterization of Intermediate Temperature Fracture Properties of Asphalt Mixtures as Measured with Different Tests

Amorphous CoB Modified ZnxCd1‐xS to Construct Schottky Junction for Enhanced Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution

AbstractIn this paper, nanosized ZnxCd1‐xS is synthesized by a simple hydrothermal method and modified by amorphous CoB. ZnxCd1‐xS/CoB Schottky heterojunction composite photocatalyst is reasonably designed. The adhesion of tiny ZnxCd1‐xS nanoparticles to irregular block CoB is more conducive to the dispersion of ZnxCd1‐xS and better interface connection between catalysts, thus further promoting the migration of photogenerated carriers, protecting the photocorrosion of ZnxCd1‐xS, and finally improving the efficiency of photocatalytic hydrogen production. The composite catalyst ZnxCd1‐xS/CoB‐20 means that the loading content of CoB is 20 wt%, and the photocatalyst has the highest catalytic efficiency under visible light, reaching 1494.09 µmol within 5 h. Through the characterization of XRD, XPS, electrochemical and optical properties of the catalyst, it is proved that the introduction of CoB can significantly inhibit the recombination of photogenerated electron holes and enhance the response to visible light. This study provides a feasible scheme for co‐catalysts to replace precious metal catalysts and effectively reduce ZnxCd1‐xS photocorrosion.

Discovery of Novel Metalloenzyme Inhibitors Based on Property Characterization: Strategy and Application for HDAC1 Inhibitors.

Metalloenzymes are ubiquitously present in the human body and are relevant to a variety of diseases. However, the development of metalloenzyme inhibitors is limited by low specificity and poor drug-likeness associated with metal-binding fragments (MBFs). A generalized drug discovery strategy was established, which is characterized by the property characterization of zinc-dependent metalloenzyme inhibitors (ZnMIs). Fifteen potential Zn2+-binding fragments (ZnBFs) were identified, and a customized pharmacophore feature was defined based on these ZnBFs. The customized feature was set as a required feature and applied to a search for novel inhibitors for histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1). Ten potential HDAC1 inhibitors were recognized, and one of them (compound 9) was a known potent HDAC1 inhibitor. The results demonstrated the effectiveness of our strategy to identify novel inhibitors for zinc-dependent metalloenzymes.

Freeze-drying of bupivacaine lipospheres: preparation, characterization, and evaluation of anti-microbial properties.

To prepare freeze-dried bupivacaine lipospheres intended for topical application in burn injuries. The aim was improving the storage stability and developing a prolonged release pattern to tackle the adverse reactions resulting from the frequent administration of bupivacaine. The lipospheres were prepared by hot-melt dispersion method employing bupivacaine base at 1.5 and 3%w/w, tristearin 6% w/w as the core while dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and soy phosphatidylcholine (SPC) as the coat at 0.75, 1.5 and 3% w/w. The lotion was then freeze-dried and cryoprotected by sucrose 3% w/w. Evaluation was carried out through loading and release analysis, storage study, particle characterization including morphology, zeta potential and particle size as well as anti-microbial assessment. The highest loading, (87.6 ± 0.1%), was achieved using bupivacaine 3% and SPC 0.75%. After 6 months of storage at 4 ͦC, the loading in the lotion and the freeze-dried samples were 17.4 ± 0.2 and 87.2 ± 0.3%, respectively. In vitro dissolution test demonstrated 94.5% and 95% of bupivacaine release from lotion and freeze-dried samples, after 24h. The respective zeta potential of -1.30 and 26 mV was recorded for lotion and solid-state bupivacaine. Micromeritic evaluation of freeze-dried powder exhibited particle size of 35.23 ± 2.02μm and highly-wrinkled-irregular morphology without detectable needle structures related to drug free crystals. The powder had rapid reconstitution property and antibacterial activity. Freeze- drying holds a promising potential to improve the storage stability of bupivacaine lipospheres with well- preserved release pattern and particle properties for further topical application.

Variability of intervertebral joint stiffness between specimens and spine levels.

Introduction: Musculoskeletal multibody models of the spine can be used to investigate the biomechanical behaviour of the spine. In this context, a correct characterisation of the passive mechanical properties of the intervertebral joint is crucial. The intervertebral joint stiffness, in particular, is typically derived from the literature, and the differences between individuals and spine levels are often disregarded. Methods: This study tested if an optimisation method of personalising the intervertebral joint stiffnesses was able to capture expected stiffness variation between specimens and between spine levels and if the variation between spine levels could be accurately captured using a generic scaling ratio. Multibody models of six T12 to sacrum spine specimens were created from computed tomography data. For each specimen, two models were created: one with uniform stiffnesses across spine levels, and one accounting for level dependency. Three loading conditions were simulated. The initial stiffness values were optimised to minimize the kinematic error. Results: There was a range of optimised stiffnesses across the specimens and the models with level dependent stiffnesses were less accurate than the models without. Using an optimised stiffness substantially reduced prediction errors. Discussion: The optimisation captured the expected variation between specimens, and the prediction errors demonstrated the importance of accounting for level dependency. The inaccuracy of the predicted kinematics for the level-dependent models indicated that a generic scaling ratio is not a suitable method to account for the level dependency. The variation in the optimised stiffnesses for the different loading conditions indicates personalised stiffnesses should also be considered load-specific.

Phase-matching-free ultrashort laser pulse characterization from a transient plasma lens.

A phase-matching-free ultrashort pulse retrieval based on the defocusing of a laser-induced plasma is presented. In this technique, a pump pulse ionizes a rare gas providing a plasma lens whose creation time is ultrafast. A probe pulse propagating through this gas lens experiences a switch of its divergence. The spectrum of the diverging part, isolated by a coronograph, is measured as a function of the pump-probe delay, providing a spectrogram that allows for a comprehensive characterization of the temporal properties of the probe pulse. The method, called PI-FROSt for "plasma-induced frequency-resolved optical switching," is simple, is free of phase-matching constraints, and can operate in both self- and cross-referenced configurations at ultrahigh repetition rate in the whole transparency range of the gas. The assessment of the method demonstrates laser pulse reconstructions of high reliability in both near-infrared (NIR) and ultraviolet (UV) spectral ranges.

Plasma-Activated Polydimethylsiloxane Microstructured Pattern with Collagen for Improved Myoblast Cell Guidance.

We focused on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as a substrate for replication, micropatterning, and construction of biologically active surfaces. The novelty of this study is based on the combination of the argon plasma exposure of a micropatterned PDMS scaffold, where the plasma served as a strong tool for subsequent grafting of collagen coatings and their application as cell growth scaffolds, where the standard was significantly exceeded. As part of the scaffold design, templates with a patterned microstructure of different dimensions (50 × 50, 50 × 20, and 30 × 30 μm2) were created by photolithography followed by pattern replication on a PDMS polymer substrate. Subsequently, the prepared microstructured PDMS replicas were coated with a type I collagen layer. The sample preparation was followed by the characterization of material surface properties using various analytical techniques, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). To evaluate the biocompatibility of the produced samples, we conducted studies on the interactions between selected polymer replicas and micro- and nanostructures and mammalian cells. Specifically, we utilized mouse myoblasts (C2C12), and our results demonstrate that we achieved excellent cell alignment in conjunction with the development of a cytocompatible surface. Consequently, the outcomes of this research contribute to an enhanced comprehension of surface properties and interactions between structured polymers and mammalian cells. The use of periodic microstructures has the potential to advance the creation of novel materials and scaffolds in tissue engineering. These materials exhibit exceptional biocompatibility and possess the capacity to promote cell adhesion and growth.

Functional characterization of biomechanical loading and biocorrosion resistance properties of novel additively manufactured porous CoCrMo implant: Comparative analysis with gyroid and rhombic dodecahedron

Notably, successful clinical outcomes of additively manufactured porous metallic implants require careful consideration of factors such as porosity, pore size, and pore interconnectivity. Applying the SLM technique in Cobalt chrome molybdenum (CoCrMo) alloy fabrication has shown excellent results for prosthetic restorations. However, the corrosion performance of 3D-printed interpenetrating lattices or a combination of minimal surface and strut lattices such as BD.05 (both based on TPMS and struts lattice cells) remains unexplored. This study explores additively manufactured BD.05 structures using CoCrMo as a bulk biomaterial to address the stiffness mismatch, a common cause of stress shielding between implants and bones. Comparative characterization of TPMS-based gyroid and stress lattice-based Rhombic dodecahedron (RH) shows a distinct deformation pattern under quasi-compressive loading. The gyroid exhibits higher yield stress (126.05 MPa), followed by BD-0.5 (25.46 MPa) and RH (9.36 MPa). BD.05 shows an impact strength of 3.17 ± 0.03J/cm2 and a microhardness of 556HV1. Electrochemical measurements demonstrate the inherent corrosion resistance of the fabricated structures. This indicates the appropriate and successful promise of these lightweight interpenetrating-based lattice metamaterial implants in orthopedic applications.

Crystal Structure and Optical Properties Characterization in Quasi-0D Lead-Free Bromide Crystals (C6H14N)3Bi2Br9·H2O and (C6H14N)3Sb3Br12.

Low dimensional organic inorganic metal halide materials have shown broadband emission and large Stokes shift, making them widely used in various fields and a promising candidate material. Here, the zero-dimensional lead-free bromide single crystals (C6H14N)3Bi2Br9·H2O (1) and (C6H14N)3Sb3Br12 (2) were synthesized. They crystallized in the monoclinic crystal system with the space group of P21 and P21/n, respectively. Through ultraviolet-visible-near-infrared (UV-vis-NIR) absorption analysis, the band gaps of (C6H14N)3Bi2Br9·H2O and (C6H14N)3Sb3Br12 are found to be 2.75 and 2.83 eV, respectively. Upon photoexcitation, (C6H14N)3Bi2Br9·H2O exhibit broad-band red emission peaking at 640 nm with a large Stokes shift of 180 nm and a lifetime of 2.94 ns, and the emission spectrum of (C6H14N)3Sb3Br12 are similar to those of (C6H14N)3Bi2Br9·H2O. This exclusive red emission is ascribed to the self-trapping exciton transition caused by lattice distortion, which is confirmed through both experiments and first-principles calculations. In addition, due to the polar space group structure and the large spin-orbit coupling (SOC) associated with the heavy elements of Bi and Br of crystal 1, an obvious Rashba effect was observed. The discovery of organic inorganic metal bromide material provides a critical foundation for uncovering the connection between 0D metal halide materials' structures and properties.

Love waves propagation in layered viscoelastic waveguides characterized by a Zener model

This paper describes a theory of surface Love waves propagating in lossy waveguides consisting of a viscoelastic layer deposited on a semi-infinite elastic substrate. The Zener model to describe the viscoelastic behavior of a medium is used. This simple model captures both the relaxation and retardation. A new form of the unsteady momentum equation for viscoelastic waveguides has been established. By using appropriate boundary conditions, an analytical expression for the complex dispersion equation of Love waves has been deduced. The influence of the loss factor and the ratio of shear moduli of the surface layer on the dispersion curves of Love waves velocity and attenuation is analyzed numerically. The numerical solutions show the dependence of the velocity change and the wave attenuation in terms of the loss factor and the ratio of shear moduli. The obtained results show that the change in the ratio of shear moduli can represent a hardening or softening effect of the surface layer. These effects depend on the loss factor value of the surface layer. In addition, these results are novel, fundamental and can be applied in the characterization of the viscoelastic properties of soft biomaterials and tissues, in nondestructive testing of materials, in geophysics and seismology. Thus, the obtained complex dispersion equation can be very useful to interpret the experimental measurements of Love waves properties in viscoelastic waveguides.

Crucial Role of Ni Point Defects and Sb Doping for Tailoring the Thermoelectric Properties of ZrNiSn Half-Heusler Alloy: An Ab Initio Study.

In the wide group of thermoelectric compounds, the half-Heusler ZrNiSn alloy is one of the most promising materials thanks to its thermal stability and narrow band gap, which open it to the possibility of mid-temperature applications. A large variety of defects and doping can be introduced in the ZrNiSn crystalline structure, thus allowing researchers to tune the electronic band structure and enhance the thermoelectric performance. Within this picture, theoretical studies of the electronic properties of perfect and defective ZrNiSn structures can help with the comprehension of the relation between the topology of defects and the thermoelectric features. In this work, a half-Heusler ZrNiSn alloy is studied using different defective models by means of an accurate Density Functional Theory supercell approach. In particular, we decided to model the most common defects related to Ni, which are certainly present in the experimental samples, i.e., interstitial and antisite Ni and a substitutional defect consisting of the replacement of Sn with Sb atoms using concentrations of 3% and 6%. First of all, a comprehensive characterization of the one-electron properties is performed in order to gain deeper insight into the relationship between structural, topological and electronic properties. Then, the effects of the modeled defects on the band structure are analyzed, with particular attention paid to the region between the valence and the conduction bands, where the defective models introduce in-gap states with respect to the perfect ZrNiSn crystal. Finally, the electronic transport properties of perfect and defective structures are computed using semi-classical approximation in the framework of the Boltzmann transport theory as implemented in the Crystal code. The dependence obtained of the Seebeck coefficient and the power factor on the temperature and the carrier concentration shows reasonable agreement with respect to the experimental counterpart, allowing possible rationalization of the effect of the modeled defects on the thermoelectric performance of the synthesized samples. As a general conclusion, defect-free ZrNiSn crystal appears to be the best candidate for thermoelectric applications when compared to interstitial and antisite Ni defective models, and substitutional defects of Sn with Sb atoms (using concentrations of 3% and 6%) do not appreciably improve electronic transport properties.

Characterization of rabbit corneal biomechanical properties after corneal refractive surgery based on rapid loading-unloading uniaxial tensile test

In order to understand how the biomechanical properties of rabbit cornea change over time after corneal ablation, 21 healthy adult rabbits were used in this study, with the left eye as experimental side and the right eye as the control side. Firstly, a lamellar knife was used to remove a portion of the anterior corneal surface tissue (30%~50% of the original corneal thickness) from the left eye of each rabbit, as an animal model simulating corneal refractive surgery. Secondly, postoperative experimental rabbits were kept for one, three, or six months until being euthanized. Strip specimens were produced using their corneas in vitro to perform a uniaxial tensile test with an average loading-unloading rate of approximately 0.16 mm/s. Finally, the visco-hyperelastic material constitutive model was used to fit the data. The results showed that there was a significant difference in the viscoelastic parameters of the corneas between the experimental and the control eyes at the first and third postoperative months. There was a difference in tangential modulus between the experimental and the control eyes at strain levels of 0.02 and 0.05 at the third postoperative month. There was no significant difference in biomechanical parameters between the experimental and the control eyes at the sixth postoperative month. These results indicate that compared with the control eyes, the biomechanical properties of the experimental eyes vary over postoperative time. At the third postoperative month, the ratio of corneal tangential modulus between the experimental and the control eyes significantly increased, and then decreased. This work lays a preliminary foundation for understanding the biomechanical properties of the cornea after corneal refractive surgery based on rapid testing data obtained clinically.

Tungsten heavy alloy: Nano-crystallinity and alloying induced low temperature sintering, microstructure and mechanical properties

In this study, a tungsten heavy alloy with a composition of 90 W-4.9Ni-2.1Fe-3.0Cu was processed using powder metallurgy. Pure elements were ball-milled to develop a mechanically alloyed nano-grained solid solution to reduce the required sintering temperature. The alloy was then liquid-phase sintered in a hydrogenated argon atmosphere at 1250 °C. Microstructural characterization revealed that the high-energy ball milling process successfully developed a tungsten solid solution with a reduced tungsten grain size to a level of 15 nm, facilitating effective low-temperature (i.e., 1250 °C) liquid-phase sintering with 88% relative density. The tungsten grains grew mostly in a polygonal shape, coalesced to a large size, and had strong interfacial integrity with the nickel‑iron‑copper matrix. Mechanical properties characterization revealed a significantly high microhardness level of 380 HV, compressive yield strength of 910 MPa, and ultimate compressive strength of 1326 MPa. The applied compressive stress induced intergranular crack propagation leading to the fracture of the sample with a failure strain of 25.6%.

Kinetics of Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction Reaction over an Activated Glassy Carbon Electrode in an Alkaline Medium

Hydrogen peroxide is a promising substitute for fossil fuels because it produces non-hazardous by-products. In this work, a glassy carbon GC was anodized in sulphuric acid at +1.8 V to prepare the working electrode. It was utilized to investigate the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in a basic medium containing 0.1 M NaOH as a supporting electrolyte. The objective of this investigation was to synthesize hydrogen peroxide. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), linear polarization, cyclic voltammetry (CV), and rotating disk electrode voltammetry (RDE) were performed for characterization and investigation of the catalytic properties. The RDE analysis confirmed that oxygen reduction reactions followed two electrons’ process at an activated GC electrode. Hence, the prepared electrode generated hydrogen peroxide from molecular oxygen at a potential of around −0.35 V vs. Ag/AgCl (sat. KCl), significantly lower than the pristine GC surface. The transfer coefficient, standard reduction potential, and standard rate constant were estimated to be 0.75, −0.27 V, and 9.5 × 10−3 cm s−1, respectively.

Using seismic petrophysical modeling and prestack simultaneous inversion to provide insights into the physical properties of uranium-bearing reservoirs: Implications for favorable sites of sandstone-hosted uranium deposits

Seismic prospecting has been accepted as one of the most widely available methods for exploring sandstone-hosted uranium deposits (SUDs). However, conventional seismic interpretation faces a challenge in the identification and characterization of a uranium reservoir’s complexity. How to characterize in detail a uranium reservoir’s physical complexity and effectively improve uranium reservoir prediction accuracy remain unresolved problems. To address this, we develop a novel combination of petrophysical modeling and prestack simultaneous inversion to understand in detail the physical properties of uranium-bearing reservoirs and efficiently predict favorable SUD sites. First, we develop a workflow of rock-physics modeling for SUD logs using the Xu-White method to calculate the modulus of elasticity of the grain matrix; subsequently, we extend the Walton model for the modulus prediction of the dry rocks and the Gassmann equation for one of the saturated rocks after a massive calculation test; and then, we predict the S-wave data used for the following inversion. Second, we execute a prestack simultaneous inversion to obtain the petrophysical parameters (e.g., P-impedance, density [[Formula: see text]], shear modulus [[Formula: see text]], Lamé coefficient [[Formula: see text]], and Young’s modulus) that can provide insights into the physical properties of a uranium metallogenic environment. Accordingly, we discover that sites bearing uranium mineralization strongly correspond to areas with low elastic-parameter values (especially [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]), whereas nonuranium anomalies occur in high-value sites. This indicates that weakened elastic characteristics are caused by the enhancement of the total organic content and total clay mineral volumes of the uranium-bearing layers. In summary, the developed combination approach can yield an effective and accurate characterization of the geologic properties of uranium-bearing formations, and it can provide prediction factors (e.g., parameters related to the shear modulus) for uranium mineralization.

One (photon), two(-dimensional crystals), a lot (of potential): a quick snapshot of a rapidly evolving field

Abstract We present a concise overview of the state of affairs in the development of single-photon sources based on two-dimensional (2D) crystals, focusing in particular on transition-metal dichalcogenides and hexagonal boron nitride. We briefly discuss the current level of advancement (i) in our understanding of the microscopic origin of the quantum emitters (QEs) identified in these two material systems, and (ii) in the characterisation of the optical properties of these emitters; then, we survey the main methods developed to enable the dynamic control of the QEs’ emission energy. Finally, we summarise the main results stemming from the coupling of QEs embedded in 2D materials with photonic and plasmonic structures.

The impact of high temperature on mechanical properties and behaviors of sandstone

The impact of high temperature environments on the physical and mechanical properties of rocks is a significant factor to consider. The investigation into the impact of elevated temperatures on the physical and mechanical characteristics of rocks holds great importance in the advancement and exploitation of deep-seated mineral reserves, as well as in ensuring the safety and stability of subterranean engineering projects. This study utilizes the state-of-the-art GCTS Mechanical Loading Test System to conduct uniaxial and triaxial compression tests on sandstone after thermal treatment from 25°C to 650°C. In addition, XRD, SEM and nuclear magnetic resonance experiments were carried out on the sandstone after thermal treatment. The aim of the experiments is to provide a quantitative characterization of mechanical properties and behaviors of the rock samples. The results show that the mass, density, and wave velocity of sandstone decrease with increasing temperature, while volume and porosity increase. The mass, volume, and rate of density change of sandstone exhibit a significant increase when subjected to temperatures above 500°C. The uniaxial compressive strength and elastic modulus exhibit an initial increase followed by a subsequent decrease as the temperature rises, with 300°C serving as the critical turning point. The axial peak strain and Poisson’s ratio increase with increasing temperature. The cohesion decreases with increasing temperature, while the internal friction angle increases. Additionally, it is observed that the rate of change for both properties exhibits an increase beyond the temperature threshold of 400°C.

Characterization and prediction of tensile properties of carbon fiber-reinforced thermoplastics composed of hybrid short carbon fiber/PA6 fiber nonwoven mats

Hybrid carbon fiber/resin fiber nonwoven mats are considered as a highly promising application of recycled carbon fibers due to their low cost and simple synthesis process. However, the mechanical properties of hybrid nonwoven mats are subject to uncertainties due to nonuniformity of fiber orientations during production procedures, which restricts their use in structural components. This study investigates the characteristics of various types of hybrid nonwoven mats with different volume fractions and fiber orientation distributions. Notably, the investigation yields noteworthy tensile properties, exemplified by a tensile strength of 367.20 MPa and a stiffness of 32.85 GPa, when the volume fraction is 28.9%. Tensile properties of the hybrid nonwoven mats and their fluctuations are then analyzed through statistical analyses. A three-dimensional microstructure-based fiber network model is established using the Monte Carlo method to represent the statistical and stochastic properties of the material. Furthermore, a prediction method of tensile properties based on microstructural properties in the model is proposed, which shows good agreement with all experimental results for adjustments of the volume fraction of carbon fibers, distribution of fiber lengths, and anisotropy of the materials, significantly reducing the experimental burden for optimization research. The tensile characteristics of composites are reliably anticipated with a nominal error margin below 10%. Additionally, this prediction method enables the prediction of scatter and stable standard deviation, making it possible to apply hybrid nonwoven mats in recycling and industrial processes.

Inhibition of Insulin-Regulated Aminopeptidase by Imidazo [1,5-α]pyridines-Synthesis and Evaluation.

Inhibition of insulin-regulated aminopeptidase (IRAP) has been shown to improve cognitive functions in several animal models. Recently, we performed a screening campaign of approximately 10,000 compounds, identifying novel small-molecule-based compounds acting as inhibitors of the enzymatic activity of IRAP. Here we report on the chemical synthesis, structure-activity relationships (SAR) and initial characterization of physicochemical properties of a series of 48 imidazo [1,5-α]pyridine-based inhibitors, including delineation of their mode of action as non-competitive inhibitors with a small L-leucine-based IRAP substrate. The best compound displays an IC50 value of 1.0 µM. We elucidate the importance of two chiral sites in these molecules and find they have little impact on the compound's metabolic stability or physicochemical properties. The carbonyl group of a central urea moiety was initially believed to mimic substrate binding to a catalytically important Zn2+ ion in the active site, although the plausibility of this binding hypothesis is challenged by observation of excellent selectivity versus the closely related aminopeptidase N (APN). Taken together with the non-competitive inhibition pattern, we also consider an alternative model of allosteric binding.

Characterization and investigation of cytotoxicity and antimicrobial properties of coencapsulated limonene and thymol into the Ferula assafoetida gum microparticles

Thymol (Th) and d-limonene (L) exhibit low stability and are prone to oxidation when exposed to air, light, humidity, and high temperatures. This study examined the coencapsulation of Th and L into Ferula assafoetida gum (AFG) microparticles. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) were done to characterize the obtained complexes. Furthermore, the encapsulation efficiency, antibacterial properties, cytotoxicity, and anticancer properties of both the free and encapsulated forms of L and Th were measured. For all samples, by increasing the percentage of bioactive compound (L, Th, and L-Th) from 2.5 to 5 % w/w, the EE was increased. FTIR and XRD analysis results demonstrated that Th and L were successfully incorporated into the AFG. Additionally, thermogravimetric analysis showed that in the thermal graphs of all samples, the first weight loss occurred between 30 °C and 160 °C, which was due to the evaporation of water. In the free L and Th graph, a sharp reduction peak was observed in which 80 % of compounds were lost. These reduction peaks disappeared in the thermal graphs of L: AFG and Th: AFG revealing that the thermal stability of Th and L was significantly increased upon their incorporation into the AFG. The inclusion of Th into the AFG also led to an increase in its antibacterial activity, while L exhibited acceptable antibacterial activity, albeit not as high as Th. Additionally, according to the MIC results, Th: AFG had the best antibacterial activity among all compounds, especially on gram-positive bacteria. According to the result of the MTT assay, there was a significant difference between the IC50 of free Th (123.4 μg/ml) and Th: AFG (2312 μg/ml), and free L (1762 μg/ml) and L: AFG (2480 μg/ml) showing that encapsulated Th and L into the AFG has decreased the cytotoxicity of free compounds against L929 cell line. Also, Th: AFG had the best anticancer activity against Hella and CT26 cell lines among all compounds. Finally, the flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that the encapsulated particles effectively eliminated cancer cells. The outcomes imply that AFG can be employed as a suitable delivery system to enhance the use of Th and L into the food and pharmaceutical industries.