Properties Of Tailings Research Articles

Extraction of heavy metals from copper tailings by ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) with the assistance of degradable chelating agents

Heavy metal contamination is an urgent ecological governance problem in mining areas. In order to seek for a green and environmentally friendly reagent with better plant restoration effect to solve the problem of low efficiency in plant restoration in heavy metal pollution soil. In this study, we evaluated the effects of three biodegradable chelating agents, namely citric acid (CA), fulvic acid (FA) and polyaspartic acid (PASP), on the physicochemical properties of copper tailings, growth of ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and heavy metal accumulation therein. The results showed that the chelating agent application improved the physicochemical properties of copper tailings, increased the biomass of ryegrass and enriched more Cu and Cd in copper tailings. In the control group, the main existing forms of Cu and Cd were oxidizable state, followed by residual, weak acid soluble and reducible states. After the CA, FA or PASP application, Cu and Cd were converted from the residual and oxidizable states to the reducible and weak acid soluble states, whose bioavailability in copper tailings were thus enhanced. Besides, the chelating agent incorporation improved the Cu and Cd extraction efficiencies of ryegrass from copper tailings, as manifested by increased root and stem contents of Cu and Cd by 30.29–103.42%, 11.43–74.29%, 2.98–110.98% and 11.11–111.11%, respectively, in comparison with the control group. In the presence of multiple heavy metals, CA, FA or PASP showed selectivity regarding the ryegrass extraction of heavy metals from copper tailings. PCA analysis revealed that the CA-4 and PASP-7 treatment had great remediation potentials against Cu and Cd in copper tailings, respectively, as manifested by increases in Cu and Cd contents in ryegrass by 90.98% and 74.29% compared to the CK group.

Study on strengthening of sulfide tailings high-efficiency solid-liquid separation using water reducing admixtures

The global focus on refined mineral processing and environmental protection has led to stricter requirements for tailings disposal processes. The complex composition and chemical environment of tailings pose challenges in sedimentation and pipeline transportation. This research developed a new additive that is suitable for disposing of copper-lead-zinc sulfide tailings. This additive not only improves sedimentation efficiency and concentration, but also enhances the flowability of high-concentration slurry. This study investigated the effects of four typical water reducing admixtures on the settling and rheological properties of tailings. However, the combination of lignin/PCE and NPAM had a synergistic effect, further improving settling and rheological performance. The addition of PCE increased settling rate by over 2 times, increased sediment concentration by 6.71%, and significantly reduced slurry viscosity and yield stress. The study also used FBRM to analyze the changes in particle/floc size distribution over time. The results showed that the addition of PCE captured more fine particles during flocculation and formed larger flocs. These findings can be used as a reference for the use and optimization of additives in tailings disposal engineering.

Influence of pH and salt solution on the sedimentation properties of fine bauxite tailings

Bauxite tailings slurry is a type of solid waste produced in the process of bauxite washing and beneficiation. It has poor engineering properties, that is, self-consolidation settlement unusually cannot be completed during several decades. To investigate the sedimentation properties of bauxite tailings, bauxite tailings slurry, phyllite residual soil, and kaolinite, we conduct sedimentation tests on these materials in varying pH and salt solution environments. The influence mechanism of the surface electrical properties of clay particles on the settlement of tailings slurry is investigated using the zeta potential test. The findings reveal that increases in the cation concentration and valence state lead to compression of the electric double layer on the surface of three types of soil particles, resulting in a decline in the repulsive potential energy and an increase in the gravitational potential energy. This in turn contributes to a reduction in the settling stable void ratio. As the pH increases, the zeta potentials of the three soils gradually decrease from positive to negative. A change in the pH at the isoelectric point, PZCedge, triggers the transformation of the kaolinite mineral arrangement. When the pH is either greater than or less than the isoelectric point, an increase or decrease in the pH results in expansion of the electric double layer of the clay particles and an increase in the pore content. The results of this study suggest that bauxite tailings mud is more likely to settle in an acidic environment than in an alkaline environment, thus an acidic settling environment should be utilized for bauxite tailings produced in industrial production.

Hydration and properties of hydrogen-based mineral phase transformation iron ore tailings as supplementary cementitious material

Almost all iron ore tailings (IOTs) required activation prior to use as SCMs, which limited their application in building materials. This study investigated HMPT-IOTs and discovered that they possess latent hydraulic and pozzolanic properties. In order to better utilize as SCM, mechanical properties, hydration reactions, hydration products, microstructure, and pores were comprehensively studied through mechanical tests, hydration heat tests, XRD, SEM, TG, and MIP. The results show that when HMPT-IOTs replace cement at 10 wt%, 20 wt% and 30 wt%, the compressive strength at 28 days is 41.9 MPa, 47.9 MPa and 37.5 MPa, respectively. When the substitution amount reaches 30 wt%, it will reduce the cumulative heat of hydration and promote early hydration reactions. The main hydration products are ettringite and Ca(OH)2. As the nucleation site of C–S–H, hydration products are interconnected, making the microstructure denser. At this substitution level, Ca(OH)2 consumption was about 2% at 28 days of age. Simultaneously, the total pore volume was only 0.01 mL/g greater than that of the control group, and the number of micropores and transition pores decreased by approximately 3%.

Adding Agricultural Topsoil and Growing Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) Enhanced the Rehabilitation of Metal/loids Enriched Iron Ore Mine Tailings

Revegetating iron-ore mine tailings is difficult due to their poor physicochemical and microbial properties. This experiment aimed to improve tailings properties for better plant growth and rhizosphere activities. First, a pot experiment was conducted to assess the influence of topsoil amendment on the remediation of tailings collected from two sites (coded A and B) in Western Australia to promote the growth of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L. cv Ausvic). Each pot was filled with pre-defined ratios of topsoil to mine tailings (0, 10, 20, 30, 50 and 100% w/w). Perennial ryegrass was harvested 60 days after sowing and analysed for plant growth, root morphological characteristics and metal uptake by shoots. Second, a study on biological attributes and an incubation study over 84 days were carried out. The addition of topsoil significantly decreased pH, but EC and total organic carbon (TOC) increased with an increased proportion of topsoil. Total concentrations of As, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, Fe and Mn decreased with an increased ratio of topsoil in growth medium. The highest root dry biomass was observed in the treatments with 30% and 50% topsoil addition to tailings, whereas shoot dry biomass only increased with 50% topsoil. Total root length increased significantly with 50% topsoil addition to site A tailings. A significant increase in microbial biomass carbon (MBC) was found with 50% addition of topsoil compared with the control. Microbial quotient (MBC/TOC) decreased significantly with the addition of topsoil to both types of tailings. Metal contents in perennial ryegrass shoots decreased with the increasing rate of topsoil, but perennial ryegrass was an effective phytoextractor of Cu, Zn and Mn. Further, the incubation study revealed that 50% topsoil application increased cumulative respiration emissions in both A and B tailings after 42 days. Iron ore mine tailings can be improved in terms of physicochemical and biological attributes by adding topsoil. However, further investigation should be carried out to determine the speciation of metal/loids in amended iron ore tailings.

Enhancing Native Plant Establishment in Mine Tailings under Drought Stress Conditions through the Application of Organo-Mineral Amendments and Microbial Inoculants

The implementation of phytoremediation strategies under arid and semiarid climates requires the use of appropriate plant species capable of withstanding multiple abiotic stresses. In this study, we assessed the combined effects of organo-mineral amendments and microbial inoculants on the chemical and biological properties of mine tailings, as well as on the growth of native plant species under drought stress conditions. Plants were cultivated in pots containing 1 kg of a mixture of mine tailings and topsoil (i.e., pre-mined superficial soil) in a 60:40 ratio, 6% marble sludge, and 10% sheep manure. Moreover, a consortium of four drought-resistant plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) was inoculated. Three irrigation levels were applied: well-watered, moderate water deficit, and severe water deficit, corresponding to 80%, 45%, and 30% of field capacity, respectively. The addition of topsoil and organo-mineral amendments to mine tailings significantly improved their chemical and biological properties, which were further enhanced by bacterial inoculation and plants’ establishment. Water stress negatively impacted enzymatic activities in amended tailings, resulting in a significant decrease in acid and alkaline phosphatases, urease, and dehydrogenase activities. Similar results were obtained for bacteria, fungi, and actinomycete abundance. PGPR inoculation positively influenced the availability of phosphorus, total nitrogen, and organic carbon, while it increased alkaline phosphatase, urease (by about 10%), and dehydrogenase activity (by 50%). The rhizosphere of Peganum harmala showed the highest enzymatic activity and number of culturable microorganisms, especially in inoculated treatments. Severe water deficit negatively affected plant growth, leading to a 40% reduction in the shoot biomass of both Atriplex halimus and Pennisetum setaceum compared to well-watered plants. P. harmala showed greater tolerance to water stress, evidenced by lower decreases observed in root and shoot length and dry weight compared to well-watered plants. The use of bioinoculants mitigated the negative effects of drought on P. harmala shoot biomass, resulting in an increase of up to 75% in the aerial biomass in plants exposed to severe water deficit. In conclusion, the results suggest that the combination of organo-mineral amendments, PGPR inoculation, and P. harmala represents a promising approach to enhance the phytoremediation of metal-polluted soils under semiarid conditions.

Influence of conditioner and straw on the herbaceous plant-based phytoremediation copper tailings: a field trial at Liujiagou tailings pond, China.

A field trial was performed to carry out an enhanced phytoremediation technique for multi-metal contaminated copper tailings by Sudan grass (Sorghum Sudanese), ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), and Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon), using conditioner (TH-LZ01) and straw combination into composite amendments as soil amendments, aimed to obtain the maximum of phytoremediation effect. The results showed that compared with untreated herbaceous plants, the application of conditioner and straw planted with herbaceous plants reduced the pH and conductivity and increased the organic matter and water content of the copper tailings to different degrees. With the addition of conditioner and straw, the DTPA-Cd, DTPA-Cu, DTPA-Pb, and DTPA-Zn contents in the copper tailings showed a decreasing trend compared with the untreated group. The herbaceous plants were promoted to reduce the percentage contents of acid soluble fractions Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn and to increase the percentage contents of reducible, oxidizable, and residual fractions heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn) in the copper tailings to different degrees. The contents of Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn in the underground part of herbaceous plants were higher than those in the aboveground part, and the contents of Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn in the aboveground part and underground part decreased after adding conditioner and straw, which indicated that the conditioner and straw inhibited the transport of heavy metals in the plant. Furthermore, the principal component analysis showed that the application of conditioner and straw with planting ryegrass had more potential for improving the physicochemical properties of copper tailings and reducing heavy metal toxicity, followed by Bermuda grass and Sudan grass.

Numerical Study of Consolidation of Slurry Tailings Considering Continuous Update of Material Properties

Explicitly modelling tailings consolidation behaviour contributes to improve integrated management approaches and accurately estimate the storage capacity of tailings storage facilities (TSFs) to better predict their static and dynamic stability. However, slurry tailings demonstrate a highly non-linear evolution of stiffness and hydraulic conductivity during consolidation, thus significantly complexifying the determination of their hydromechanical properties. In this study, an approach to update Mohr Coulomb parameters and simulate the continuous evolution of hydraulic conductivity and stiffness of tailings materials with the reduction of the void ratio was proposed and embedded in a finite difference code to more realistically simulate the evolution of material properties during sequential loadings. The model was validated using laboratory column tests and various predictive functions were tested to estimate hydraulic conductivity for field applications. Finally, the developed approach was applied to a simplified model of tailings impoundment to illustrate practical applications. Results from this study indicated that the approach developed was able to capture the non-linearity properties of tailings during consolidation, and that using continuously updated stiffness and hydraulic conductivity could induce significantly different magnitude and rate of consolidation than models with constant properties. Predictive models such as Kozeny–Carman and Kozeny–Carman Modified models also gave a satisfactory estimation of tailings behaviour, at least for preliminary studies. The simple modifications to the numerical codes proposed in this paper could therefore significantly improve the numerical simulation of tailings behaviour in the short term and contribute to a better planning of deposition plans.

Variability of the undrained strength of the plastic tailings from the Germano dam in Mariana, Brazil

Mining tailings may be divided in non-plastic (sand, silty sand, or sandy silt tailings) and plastic (fine tailings, usually mixtures of silt and clay-sized particles). The understanding of the behavior of these materials is a great geotechnical challenge because of their wide variations in mineralogy, physical–chemical, and geotechnical characteristics. Sand tailings have been widely studied in the last decades because they are often susceptible to liquefaction, and they usually constitute the beach of the tailings dam which is the most important zone for stability analysis in upstream dams. However, the study of the characteristics and the strength of the plastic tailings is also important since layers of plastic tailings are sometimes found in the midst of the sand tailings. The aim of this article is to study the normalized undrained strength ratio (su/σ′v) of plastic tailings of the Germano dam in Mariana, Brazil, and to present a criterion developed for their identification. The method consisted of analyzing and scrutinizing Piezocone (CPTu), Field Vane (FV) tests, and the water levels. An extensive review of the iron ore plastic tailings properties was also performed. A total of approximately 900 occurrences of plastic layers were analyzed. The results included the discovery of perched water tables and significant vertical downward flow in some locations. The conclusion is that su/σ′v histograms are well fitted by lognormal distributions and the layer thickness influences the undrained strength. Moreover, the strengths are relatively low (for example, su/σ′v = 0.11 on average for plastic layers with thickness of 1.0 m or more).

Renyi entropy based design of heavy tailed distribution for return of financial assets

It is well-known that returns of financial assets exhibit heavy tail property and there has been no distribution which can reliably capture this characteristic so far. To contribute to the solution of this problem, we derive a new heavy tail distribution using the maximum entropy principle for Renyi entropy under the absolute moment constraints. Our newly derived distribution with two shape parameters forms a family of distributions. They are smooth, scaleable, symmetric and may be heavy tailed if their shape parameter attains the appropriate value. As a result, parameters of this distribution can be estimated by maximum likelihood estimation technique. The ability of the derived distribution to model the heavy tail property of financial assets is verified on a range of financial instruments. The results we obtained show that it can be a better option for modeling the returns of financial assets compared to other well-known heavy tailed distributions.

Adaptations to a triaxial equipment for testing of mine tailings

Mine tailings are usually materials with particle sizes in the range of silts, frequently exhibiting very low consistency. This low-consistency condition poses challenges when trying to reconstitute specimens for triaxial testing. The first part of this work presents a description of the main geotechnical properties of mine tailings used in the tests and the difficulties associated with triaxial testing. Next, some developments, in terms of equipment and testing procedure, are presented: the design of a compaction mould, the specimen preparation using moist tamping and the lubricated end platens. Finally, the process of dismantling the specimen using freezing is presented and discussed. The final part of the paper presents some results and summarizes the challenges associated with adapting the equipment and implementing the testing procedures.

Strength Properties of Sedimentary Tailings with Different Contents of Fine Particles and the Seepage Damage Risk of Tailings Dams

Strength Properties of Sedimentary Tailings with Different Contents of Fine Particles and the Seepage Damage Risk of Tailings Dams

Transition E-Garch Model for Modeling and Forecasting Volatility of Equity Stock Returns in Nigeria Stock Exchange

The mean-equations that exhibit unconditional variance do not reflect real-world data characteristics and do not always fully embrace the thick tail properties of high-frequency financial time series. However, there are cases when mean-equations exhibit conditional and unconditional variances, which conventional Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (GARCH) models do not accommodate with assumptions of normal error innovation. The behaviour of equity in stock returns volatility was investigated using mean-equations that reflect both conditional and unconditional variances under the variants innovation distribution. The Nigeria Stock Exchange’s, (NSE’s), daily All Stock Index, (ASI) data from 3rd May 1999 to 18th March 2019 was utilized to characterize the volatility structure of equity in Nigeria Stock returns. The Transition Exponential GARCH Model (TEGM) with non-normal innovations was used to demonstrate the dynamic model performance and predictive power in modeling variances that transit between unconditional and conditional structures. Under various error innovations, the structural characteristics of the TEGM were examined, and the parameters were estimated. The TEGM result under Student’s t innovation distribution was significant for forecasting and predicting random series data. The error distribution has both the minimal and sufficient requirements for the best predictive capacity and forecasting capabilities. Over a longer period, the NSE’s daily ASI showed more unconditional variance than conditional variation. The Transition Exponential GARCH Model was found to be the best model for describing the volatility structure of financial assets in Nigerian stock returns, and is thus recommended for making informed investment decisions with better forecast performance.

New Odd Generalized Exponentiated Exponential-G Family of Distributions

In the last decades, many researchers have developed new methods for generating families of distributions. These generators are obtained by adding one or more extra shape parameter(s) to the baseline distribution to achieve more flexibility for modelling real lifetime data sets. The additional parameter(s) has been proven useful by obtaining tail properties and improving the analysis from the goodness-of-fit for the families of distributions under study. In this paper, we proposed a new family of distributions called the New Odd Generalized Exponentiated Exponential-G Family of Distributions. The statistical properties are derived, and the maximum likelihood estimation technique is described for the proposed new family of distributions. The new models' performance is illustrated by numerical analysis using a real-life dataset, and the dataset shows that the new models offer a better fit compared to other competing models.

A Multiplier Bootstrap Approach to Designing Robust Algorithms for Contextual Bandits.

Upper confidence bound (UCB)-based contextual bandit algorithms require one to know the tail property of the reward distribution. Unfortunately, such tail property is usually unknown or difficult to specify in real-world applications. Using a tail property heavier than the ground truth leads to a slow learning speed of the contextual bandit algorithm, while using a lighter one may cause the algorithm to diverge. To address this fundamental problem, we develop an estimator (evaluated from historical rewards) for the contextual bandit UCB based on the multiplier bootstrap technique. Our proposed estimator mitigates the problem of specifying a heavier tail property by adaptively converging to the ground truth contextual bandit UCB (i.e., eliminating the impact of the specified heavier tail property) with theoretical guarantees on the convergence. The design and convergence analysis of the proposed estimator is technically nontrivial. The proposed estimator is generic and it can be applied to improve a variety of UCB-based contextual bandit algorithms. To demonstrate the versatility of the proposed estimator, we apply it to improve the linear reward contextual bandit UCB (LinUCB) algorithm resulting in our bootstrapping LinUCB (BootLinUCB) algorithm. We prove that the BootLinUCB has a sublinear regret. We conduct extensive experiments on both synthetic dataset and real-world dataset from Yahoo! to validate the benefits of our proposed estimator in reducing regret and the superior performance of BootLinUCB over the latest baseline.

Mechanical properties of molybdenum tailings concrete after exposure to high temperature

In this paper, 75 concrete prisms were tested under different temperatures (20, 200, 400, 600 and 800 °C) and molybdenum tailings replacement ratio (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 %). The axial compression failure modes and mechanical properties of molybdenum tailings concrete were studied. The results show that the increase in temperature will aggravate the failure of concrete under axial compression, instead of molybdenum tailing replacement ratio. With the increase of temperature (20–800 °C), the surface color of the concrete becomes lighter, and obvious cracks began to appear from 400 °C, the mass loss ratio and peak strain of molybdenum tailings concrete show an increasing trend, and reach the maximum growth ratio (6.58 % and 34 %) at 800 °C. The peak stress and elastic modulus of molybdenum tailings concrete show a decreasing trend, and reach the maximum reduction at 800 °C (52 % and 71 %). With the increase of replacement ratio, the mass loss ratio of molybdenum tailings concrete increases linearly. The peak stress, peak strain and elastic modulus of molybdenum tailings concrete at all temperatures increase first and then decrease. The 25 % molybdenum tailings content can improve the deterioration of molybdenum tailings concrete after exposure to high temperature. Based on the experimental data, the prediction formulas of peak stress/strain and elastic modulus of molybdenum tailings under different temperature-molybdenum tailings replacement ratio coupling conditions are fitted respectively. The experimental and calculated values of the formula are in good agreement.

High efficiency regulating sedimentation and rheological properties of copper tailings using polycarboxylate superplasticizers

The recovery of low grade and fine particle copper ore usually requires sufficient dissociation, which reduces the particle size to the submicron level, presenting new challenges in subsequent copper tailings disposal. Flocculants can improve tailings sedimentation efficiency, but they also change the rheological properties of the slurry, resulting in low efficiency and high energy consumption during long-distances pumping. To address this issue, this study introduced polycarboxylate ether (PCE) superplasticizers as auxiliary additives for tailings treatment to improve fine particles sedimentation efficiency while enhancing slurry flowability. The results showed that compared to non-ionic polyacrylamide (NPAM) treated slurries, the synergistic effects of PCE and NPAM increased the initial sedimentation rate (ISR) by up to 3.4 times while decreasing the yield stress by up to 8 times and the thixotropic loop area by 10.5 times. DLVO theory calculations showed that PCE mainly affects particle interactions through a significant decrease in electrostatic repulsion. By in-situ monitoring with a focused beam reflectance measurement (FBRM) device, it was demonstrated that the synergistic effect of PCE improved the flocculation ability, strength, and regrowth ability of flocs. Furthermore, strong correlations were found between floc properties and fluid rheological properties. Overall, this study indicated that PCE additive was a promising reagent for fine particles slurry rapid settling and flowability enhancement, providing a new approach for copper tailings disposal.

Tungsten tailings issues and reprocessing solutions

This paper aims to provide an overview of tungsten (W) tailings properties, detrimental impacts of these tailings, approaches to mitigate these impacts, and a presentation of methods to reprocess them to capture their economic value. Since W is widely used in a variety of industries, it has been extensively mined since the 19th century, and the mining continues to generate significant volumes of tailings. Recent data show that global W production stands at 84 kt per year, and more than 100 Mt of W tailings exist containing over 100 kt of WO3. The tailings contain variable amounts of valuable products and deleterious environmental substances. Some of the contained metals are in great demand for the energy transition. However, these tailings usually contain FeS2/Pyrrhotite and FeAsS minerals, which, when exposed to air and water, can produce acid mine drainage. As such, W tailings may pose environmental and human health risks. Globally, the reprocessing of W tailings presents a potential resource that can be regarded as a paradigm of sustainability and circular economy. Flotation, enhanced gravity separation, and wet high-intensity magnetic separation have been reported to be the common approaches to reprocessing W tailings. However, W processing presents particular difficulties owing to complex material properties, such as fine particle size, surface weathering, similarity in surface properties exhibited by gangue materials (fluorite, apatite, calcite), low concentrations of the elements of interest, and poor mineral liberation.

Connectedness and spillover between African equity, commodity, foreign exchange and cryptocurrency markets during the COVID-19 and Russia-Ukraine conflict

Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, financial and commodity markets have exhibited significant volatility and displayed fat tail properties, deviating from the normal probability curve. The recent Russia-Ukraine war has further disrupted these markets, attracting considerable attention from both researchers and practitioners due to the occurrence of consecutive black swan events within a short timeframe. In this study, we utilized the Quantile-VAR technique to examine the interconnectedness and spillover effects between African equity markets and international financial/commodity assets. Daily data spanning from January 3, 2020, to September 6, 2022, was analyzed to capture tail risks. Our main findings can be summarized as follows. Firstly, the level of connectedness in returns is more pronounced in the lower and upper tails compared to the median. Secondly, during times of crisis, African equity markets primarily serve as recipients of systemic shocks. Lastly, assets such as Silver, Gold, and Natural Gas exhibit greater resilience to systemic shocks, validating their suitability as hedging instruments for African equities, in contrast to cryptocurrencies and international exchange rates. These findings carry significant implications for policymakers and investors in Africa equities.

Effects of biomass co-pyrolysis and herbaceous plant colonization on the transformation of tailings into soil like substrate

Enhancing soil organic matter characteristics, ameliorating physical structure, mitigating heavy metal toxicity, and hastening mineral weathering processes are crucial approaches to accomplish the transition of tailings substrate to a soil-like substrate. The incorporation of biomass co-pyrolysis and plant colonization has been established to be a significant factor in soil substrate formation and soil pollutant remediation. Despite this, there is presently an absence of research efforts aimed at synergistically utilizing these two technologies to expedite the process of mining tailings soil substrate formation. The current study aimed to investigate the underlying mechanism of geochemical changes and rapid mineral weathering during the process of transforming tailings substrate into a soil-like substrate, under the combined effects of biomass co-smoldering pyrolysis and plant colonization. The findings of this study suggest that the incorporation of smoldering pyrolysis and plant colonization induces a high-temperature effect and biological effects, which enhance the physical and chemical properties of tailings, while simultaneously accelerating the rate of mineral weathering. Notable improvements include the amelioration of extreme pH levels, nutrient enrichment, the formation of aggregates, and an increase in enzyme activity, all of which collectively demonstrate the successful attainment of tailings substrate reconstruction. Evidence of the accelerated weathering was verified by phase and surface morphology analysis using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Discovered corrosion and fragmentation on the surface of minerals. The weathering resulted in corrosion and fragmentation of the surface of the treated mineral. This study confirms that co-smoldering pyrolysis of biomass, combined with plant colonization, can effectively promote the transformation of tailings into soil-like substrates. This method has can effectively address the key challenges that have previously hindered sustainable development of the mining industry and provides a novel approach for ecological restoration of tailings deposits.