Pore Structure Properties Research Articles

Characterization of Pore Structure and Oil-Water Two-Phase Seepage Properties in Sandstone Reservoirs

Characterization of Pore Structure and Oil-Water Two-Phase Seepage Properties in Sandstone Reservoirs

Repair Effect of Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells Embedded in Hydrogel on Mouse Insulinoma 6 Cells Injured by Streptozotocin.

Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) possess the capabilities of differentiation and immune modulation, which endow them with therapeutic potential in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In this study, to investigate the repair mechanism of UC-MSCs in hydrogel on pancreatic β-cells in diabetes, mouse insulinoma 6 (MIN-6) cells damaged by streptozotocin (STZ) in vitro were used in co-culture with UC-MSCs in hydrogel (UC-MSCs + hydrogel). It was found that UC-MSCs + hydrogel had a significant repair effect on injured MIN-6 cells, which was better than the use of UC-MSCs alone (without hydrogel). After repair, the expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) as well as the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) of the repaired MIN-6 cells were increased, effectively reducing the oxidative stress caused by STZ. In addition, UC-MSCs + hydrogel were able to curb the inflammatory response by promoting the expression of anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 and reducing inflammatory factor IL-1β. In addition, the expression of both nuclear antigen Ki67 for cell proliferation and insulin-related genes such as Pdx1 and MafA was increased in the repaired MIN-6 cells by UC-MSCs + hydrogel, suggesting that the repair effect promotes the proliferation of the injured MIN-6 cells. Compared with the use of UC-MSCs alone, UC-MSCs + hydrogel exhibit superior antioxidant stress resistance against injured MIN-6 cells, better proliferation effects and a longer survival time of UC-MSCs because the porous structure and hydrophilic properties of the hydrogel could affect the growth of cells and slow down their metabolic activities, resulting in a better repair effect on the injured MIN-6 cells.

Genipin crosslinked quaternary ammonium chitosan hydrogels for wound dressings

Bacterial infection can lead to various complications, such as inflammations on surrounding tissues, which can prolong wound healing and thus represent a significant clinical and public healthcare problem. Herein, a report on the fabrication of a novel genipin/quaternized chitosan (CS) hydrogel for wound dressing is presented. The hydrogel was prepared by mixing quaternized CS and genipin under 35 °C bath. The hydrogels showed porous structure (250–500 μm) and mechanical properties (3000–6000 Pa). In addition, the hydrogels displayed self-healing ability and adhesion performance on different substrates. Genipin crosslinked quaternized CS hydrogels showed antibacterial activities against E. coli and S. aureus. The CCK-8 and fluorescent images confirmed the cytocompatibility of hydrogels by seeding with NIH-3T3 cells. The present study showed that the prepared hydrogel has the potential to be used as wound dressing.

Construction of adamantane-based monolithic column with three-dimensionally porous structure for small molecules separation and biosample analysis

BackgroundThe fabrication technique of capillary column is the key to the development and application of capillary liquid chromatography (cLC) to improve separation efficiency for analytes. The capillary monolithic column possessed three-dimensionally connected porous or channel structures. Unique porous structure endows excellent permeability and high performance in diverse fields, especially in separation. Thereinto, organic monolithic columns have attracted widespread attention due to their advantages of simple preparation and excellent biocompatibility. However, their separation selectivity needs to be further developed and regulated to apply the separation of more diverse samples. ResultsA novel polymeric monolithic column was prepared via thermally initiated in situ copolymerization of 2-methyladamantan-2-yl acrylate (MADA) with ditrimethylolpropane tetraacrylate (DTTA) in fused silica. The prepared poly(MADA-co-DTTA) monolith showed adjustable permeability, developed porous structure and high thermal stability. Consequently, it exhibited excellent separation capability of small molecules (alkylbenzenes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons). Especially, when acetonitrile/water (60/40, v/v) was used as the mobile phase, the theoretical plate numbers reached 84,000 plates m−1 for butylbenzene at a linear velocity of 0.5 mm s−1. Most importantly, the hydrophobicity of the poly(MADA-co-DTTA) monolithic column was regulated via host-guest interaction between adamantyl group and cucurbit [7]uril (CB[7]). Additionally, the poly(MADA-co-DTTA) monolith was further adopted for the analysis of the tryptic digest of proteins from HeLa by cLC-MS/MS. The 33,783 unique peptides and 5,299 proteins were identified on the monolith, which exhibited great separation ability for complex samples. Significance and noveltyDue to abundant pore structure and good chemical properties, the poly(MADA-co-DTTA) monolithic column exhibited high performance for the separations of small molecules and biological sample. Meanwhile, owing to the existence of adamantyl-group, CB[7] was immobilized on the poly(MADA-co-DTTA) monolithic column to fabricate poly(MADA-co-DTTA)-CB[7] by host-guest interaction. It is possible to adjust the surface chemistry of the monolithic materials to accommodate more complex analytes.

Evolution of early hydration in mortar by using waste dolomite powder as a micro-aggregate

The evolution of early hydration in cement – based material is always one of important issues for investigating their engineering application. This study investigated the early hydration reaction of mortars containing different waste dolomite powder (WDP) contents. Compared to the reference sample (WDP0), the hydration process, hydration products, pore structure and mechanical properties of samples prepared by WDP were studied at the early stage. For the hydration process, the 1H low – field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and chemical shrinkage testing results indicated that the process of early hydration of cement could be significantly accelerated by incorporating WDP. Meanwhile, the quantities of hydration products (Portlandite and calcite) in samples with WDP have a significant variation by X-ray diffraction results and thermogravimetric analysis. In addition, the WDP40 has denser pore structure and higher mechanical properties than WDP0. After curing 3 d, the pore volume of WDP40 has a reduction of 17.84 %, the flexural and compressive strength of WDP40 were increased by 6.6 % and 18.06 %, respectively. Based on the mechanism analysis, the filling effect and nucleation effect of WDP in mortars contributed to the improvement of early cement hydration. This study is meaningful to evaluate the impact of WDP on the evolution of early cement hydration, which is expected to offer a reliable reference for the application of inert materials in cement – based materials.

Effects of the Space Holder Shape on the Pore Structure and Mechanical Properties of Porous Cu with a Wide Porosity Range.

Porous copper (Cu), with varying porosities, has been made using carbamide as a space holder through the powder metallurgy route. Two shapes of carbamide particles were used, (i) needlelike and (ii) spherical, in order to investigate the effect of the space holder shape on the pore structure and mechanical properties of porous Cu. The compressive deformation behavior of porous Cu was studied under a compression test. The pores' structural characteristics and mechanical properties of the porous Cu varied significantly with the shape of the space holder. Although the effect of the space holder shape on the porosity was not regular, the effect on the mechanical properties was regular. The stress increased monotonically with the increase in the strain, and strain hardening occurred at the plastic yield stage. The elastic modulus and yield strength followed the power law, with the relative density irrespective of the space holder shape. The empirical constants associated with different empirically developed power law relations were different, according to the shape of space holder. A quantitative relationship between the elastic modulus and yield strength and the spacer content was obtained to control the mechanical properties of the present porous Cu or other porous metals and metal foams using the well-known space holder method.

Comparative study of machine learning based prediction of supercapacitance performance of activated carbon prepared from Bio-based Materials

The performance of electrochemical double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) is evaluated by the capacitance of activated carbon (AC) electrodes. The capacitance of AC electrodes is influenced by many factors such as precursor type, activation method, pore structure, surface chemistry and electrolytic properties. In this paper, we present a comparative study of machine learning based prediction of surface area, mesopore volume and total pore volume of activated carbon for energy storage applications. The ML models were trained on a dataset of synthetic data that were generated from the limited number of experimental data and which included the activation temperature, methylene blue number and iodine number of the activated carbon (AC). The best performing ML model was random forest model and XG boost model. The results of this study can be used to optimize the production of activated carbon and improve its performance in energy storage applications.

Mesoporous carbon hollow spheres with controllable pore structure for efficient lithium and aluminum ion storage

Mesoporous carbon hollow nanospheres (MCHS), synthesized via a block copolymer-mediated supramolecular self-assembly process, serve as both anode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and cathode materials for aluminum-ion batteries (AIBs). By adjusting the carbonization temperature and the dosage of the pore extender, 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene (TMB), insights into the relationships among pore structure, crystal structure, and electrochemical properties of MCHS in Li/Al-ion batteries are gained. Their exceptional properties, including hierarchically porous structure, large surface area, tailored inner voids, mesoporous shells, and high electronic conductivity, contribute to high specific capacity, improved rate performances, and remarkable electrochemical stability. Crystallographic insights reveal that highly porous MCHS facilitate the intercalation of ionic lithium and aluminum species into the carbon crystal lattices while maintaining structural integrity. The appropriate mesopore size significantly impacts the storage of lithium or aluminum ions, with relatively larger mesopore sizes being more beneficial for aluminum ion storage compared to lithium ions. The optimal MCHS exhibit a stable discharge specific capacity of 330.8 mAh·g−1 after 800 cycles at a current density of 372 mA·g−1 (1C) in LIBs and 41.6 mAh·g−1 after 500 cycles at 74.4 mA·g−1 in AIBs.

Dynamic response and deformation failure microscopic characteristics of cyclic impact-cemented tailing backfill.

Frequent blasting disruptions can lead to cumulative damage within the cemented tailing backfill (CTB), increasing the risks associated with mining operations and reducing the recovery rate of the pillar. To address this issue, the Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) was utilized to conduct cyclic impact tests on CTB containing various cement tailing ratios (CTR) at different curing ages. The tests analyzed the stress-strain curve law, dynamic compressive strength (DCS), dynamic strength increase factor (DIF), absorption energy, and deformation failure characteristics of CTB under different impact velocities. Additionally, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were employed to investigate the internal pore structural properties of CTB. The research findings indicate that (1) Average strain rate exhibits a linear relationship with the DCS and impact velocity. A lower number of impacts occurred at higher impact velocities and shorter curing age. The number of impacts was drastically reduced when the impact velocity surpassed 3m/s. As the CTR increased, the number of impacts also increased. When the number of impacts increased, the elastic modulus, dynamic impact strength, and peak strain initially increased before ultimately decreasing. (2) Under the cyclic impact load, the shear failure and axial splitting failure were the main failure modes of CTB. Increasing the CTR may be a more effective strategy for reducing the degree of CTB fragmentation compared to prolonging the curing age. When the impact velocity is lower than 3m/s, CTB can withstand multiple impacts and maintain high levels of integrity. When the DIF of the first shock is below 1.5, the CTB demonstrates a capability to withstand more than four shocks. If the DIF exceeds 2, the CTB can only endure a single shock. (3) NMR and SEM observations revealed that CTB itself contains more pores. A dense network structure will grow inside CTB as the curing age and CTR are increased, reducing the porosity. The pore size observed in the samples also support that increasing CTR may be a more effective strategy. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of the kinetic response of CTB in deep mines under frequent blasting disruption and offer a valuable reference point for future research in this area.

Ultrathin-flexible multifunctional MXene composite hydrogels with good mechanical properties-high strain sensitivity and ultra-broadband EMI shielding performances

Conductive hydrogels show excellent application potential in flexible and stretchable electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials due to their water-rich porous structure and tissue-like mechanical properties. However, integrating multiple functions into EMI shielding materials remains challenging, including ultra-broadband EMI shielding, mechanical properties, strain sensitivity, flexibility, etc., with high performance. Here, through a straightforward and scalable combination of ultrasound-assisted dispersion and thermal polymerization, we have successfully synthesized the MXene/PE-CS composite hydrogels composed of acrylic acid (AA), 2-(Dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA), and chitosan (CS). It exhibits more comprehensive and excellent functionalities including high stretchability (0.47 MPa, 747 %), strain sensitivity (11.2), ultralow thickness (0.5–2.0 mm), good adhesion (0.13 MPa), and flexibility. More importantly, it achieves excellent shielding performance of more than 99.99 % in ultra-broadband (X-band, Ka-band, Ku-band, and THz-band) under ultralow thickness (0.5–2 mm) and MXene (transition metal carbides/nitrides) content (0.46 wt%), and the shielding properties can be dynamically controlled through MXene content, PE content and hydrogel thickness. Even after repeated stretching, bending, and long-term water evaporation, it still exhibits stable and high-performance EMI shielding performance. Our MXene/PE-CS composite hydrogels exhibit potential applications in ultra-broadband shielding for new generation flexible wearable electronic devices.

The dynamic mechanical behavior of SAP based porous cement-based materials suitable for EMAS

Superabsorbent polymers (SAP) voids have the potential to prepare cement-based materials (CBMs) that meet the engineered materials arresting system (EMAS) requirements due to their similarity to entrained air voids. This idea was validated using a crushing test and an immersion softening test in this paper. The pore structure and micromechanical properties of CBMs incorporating SAP were analyzed using an image analysis, a boiling method, a microhardness test, and a nanoindentation test. Moreover, the influence of SAP on the quasi-static and dynamic mechanical properties of CBMs was studied using a rigid press machine and an SHPB system. The results show that the crushing and immersion softening properties of CBMs can meet the EMAS requirements when SAP dosages are 10 % and 12 %. The optimal dosage of SAP is 10 %. Under quasi-static and dynamic compression, the compressive strength and elastic modulus decrease with increasing SAP dosage, due to the growth of the total porosity of samples and the decline in the micromechanical properties of the matrix. Increasing the SAP dosage can raise the total porosity, thereby enlarging the DIF-fc value and decreasing the DIF-E value. Raising the strain rate results will enlarge the DIF-fc and DIF-E values. This is due to the growth in the damage degree of the specimen and the change in the cracking behavior under dynamic compression.

Photoluminescent Nanocellulosic Film for Selective Hg2+ Ion Detection.

We developed a highly sensitive solid-state sensor for mercury detection by stabilizing red-sub-nanometric fluorescent gold nanoclusters (AuNC, 0.9 ± 0.1 nm diameter) with bovine serum albumin in a matrix composed of cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) (BSA-AuNC/CNF). The main morphological and optical features of the system were investigated via atomic force/transmission electron microscopy and UV-Vis/fluorescence spectroscopy. The hybrid film (off-white and highly transparent) showed strong photoluminescene under UV irradiation. The latter is assigned to the AuNC, which also increase the ductility of the emitting film, which was demonstrated for high sensitivity Hg2+ detection. When used as a sensor system, following AuNC printing on CNF hybrid films, a limit of detection <10 nM was confirmed. What is more, nanocellulose films have a high pore structure and selective separation properties, showcasing a wide range of potential applications in many fields such as water treatment and oil-water separation.

Pore Structure and Heterogeneity Characteristics of Coal-Bearing Marine–Continental Transitional Shales from the Longtan Formation in the South Sichuan Basin, China

Marine–continental transitional shale has become a new field for shale gas exploration and development in recent years. Its reservoir characteristics analysis lags significantly behind that of marine shale, which restricts the theoretical research on the accumulation of marine–continental transitional shale and the progress of exploration and development. The shale pore system is complex and has strong heterogeneity, which restricts the fine evaluation and optimization of the reservoir. Based on nitrogen adsorption–desorption experiments, the morphology and structural characteristics of coal-bearing shale pores were analyzed, and then the micro-pore structure heterogeneity was quantitatively characterized based on fractal theory and nitrogen adsorption–desorption data, and the relationship between pore structure parameters and their influence on fractal characteristics were discussed. The hysteresis loop of nitrogen desorption isotherm mainly belongs to type B, indicating ink bottle, flat plate, and slit are the main pore shapes. The pore size distribution curves are left unimodal or multimodal, with the main peak around 4 nm and 20–60 nm. Smaller pores develop a larger specific surface area, resulting in a high value of fractal dimension (2.564 to 2.677). The rougher the pore surface and the larger the specific surface area provide an adequate adsorption site for shale gas adsorption and aggregation. Thus, fractal characteristics conduced to understand the pore structure, heterogeneity, and gas-bearing property of coal-bearing shale.

Composite strengthening via stress-concentration regions softening: The proof of concept with Schwarzites and Schwarzynes inspired multi-material additive manufacturing

Inspired by nature, porous graded topological structures based on carbon, like Schwarzites and Schwartzynes, exhibit a distinctive radial-gradient distribution of pores. The pores are strategically arranged in two patterns: small pores at the centre and larger pores in the outer region (ψ), and larger pores at the centre with smaller pores in the outer region (Ω). This type of topological engineering, with its unique deformation behaviour, makes these structures highly suitable for engineering applications requiring high energy absorption. However, the existence of stress-concentration regions within the porous graded structures leads to premature structural failure during uni-axial compression. To enhance the mechanical properties of such porous graded structures, this study proposes a strategy of tailoring their pores' deformation characteristics by replacing the stress concentration regions with soft/flexible materials. The selective reinforcing two (ψ2) and three layers (Ω3) soft material enhances the specific yield strength of the multi-material composite by 187.27 % and 230.22 %, respectively compared to the respective porous soft structures. Specific resilience is heightened by 289.93 % and 323.82 % for multi-material composite ψ2 and Ω3, w.r.t the respective porous hard structure(ψ0′ and Ω0,). Our results present a unique strategy for improving the structural performance of the porous graded structures by tailoring the deformation characteristics. Engineered multi-material-based advanced composites, resulting from this approach, exhibit significant potential for applications requiring energy absorption without failure.

Mild modification of sponge-like carbon: Ammonia post-treatment for enhanced CO2 adsorption and suitability for supercapacitors

During the synthesis of carbon-based CO2 adsorbents and supercapacitors, the introduction of nitrogen atoms into the carbon matrix has been identified as a means to enhance their performance. Nevertheless, the intricate effects of nitrogen doping on material properties pose a significant challenge in developing efficient methodologies. In this investigation, porous carbons resembling sponges were fabricated utilizing macadamia nut shells as a precursor and a dual salt comprising K2C2O4-KCl as an activating agent. Subsequent modification of the materials through ammonia post-treatment facilitated the production of nitrogen-doped porous carbon. The alterations in surface characteristics and pore morphology after ammonia treatment were meticulously examined to unravel the underlying mechanism of this modification process. The samples under scrutiny showcased remarkable CO2 adsorption capacities, peaking at 6.97 mmol/g at 0 °C and 4.65 mmol/g at 25 °C. Employing mathematical models to probe the influence of pore structure and surface properties on CO2 adsorption efficacy proved to be fruitful. A linear correlation was established to depict CO2 adsorption behavior, underscoring the joint impact of ultramicropore volume and nitrogen content on the adsorption process. Notably, the material exhibited a specific capacitance of 290.4F/g at a current density of 0.5 A/g within a three-electrode configuration, demonstrating commendable rate capability and cyclic stability. The pivotal findings from this inquiry emphasize that ammonia post-treatment represents a gentle modification strategy exerting minimal influence on the pore architecture, thereby efficaciously enhancing both CO2 adsorption and electrochemical performance.

Influence and mechanism of titanium doping on the electrochromic performance of nickel oxide nanofilm

This research investigates the preparation and electrochromic performance of titanium-doped nickel oxide nanofilms. Through chemical bath deposition, nickel oxide doped with various ratios of titanium (NiO) films was successfully synthesized. The study extensively analyzes the structural features and properties of these films using such characterization techniques as X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, among others. The experimental findings highlight that moderate titanium doping (0.3%) notably enhances the porous structure and crystalline properties of NiO films, leading to improved optical modulation (88%), coloring efficiency (CE up to 42.6 cm2/C), and cycle stability (maintaining 61% optical modulation after 500 cycles). However, excessive titanium doping tends to diminish the electrochromic response time. These results underscore the significant impact of titanium doping on the electrochromic performance of NiO films, providing essential insights for their potential applications in smart windows, displays, and related fields.

A field study of pore-network systems on the tight shale gas formation through adsorption-desorption technique and mercury intrusion capillary porosimeter: Percolation theory and simulations

Properly identifying microscopic pore structure properties of shale reservoirs is essential for developing efficient extraction techniques of shale hydrocarbons. To understand the unique and complex pore network of the Northern Guizhou shale reservoir, shale samples from the Wufeng-longmaxi Formation were investigated using different analytical techniques, X-Ray Diffractometry, low-pressure nitrogen gas adsorption-desorption isotherms, and Mercury intrusion capillary porosimeter. Results indicate that the Wufeng-longmaxi formation is mainly composed of a high quantity of quartz ranging from 0.6 % to 64.1 % and an average extent of 55.825 %, the lowest amount of potassium feldspar ranging from 0.6 % to 2.2 % and an average extent of 1.45 % with Total organic contents ranging from 3.672 to 5.209 %. Similarly, the BJH adsorption techniques for pore volume and area were investigated. The results indicate the dominance of the mesopore with pore size ranging from 2.03 nm to 40nm, average pore volume of 0.073715 m3/g, and average pore area of 13.0324 m2/g. The pore throat distributions from MICP showed drain pressure and median pore throat radius ranging from 0.47 to 13.79 MPa and 0.05–0.08 μm, respectively. Suggested complementary experimental techniques reveal the connectivity of pore networks of the Wufeng-longmaxi Formation shale reservoir, which shows a high production potential of hydrocarbons. The findings of this study can provide a valuable understanding of fluid transport properties and storage space of shale gas that can help decision-makers as they set exploration initiatives for shale gas reservoirs.

Microstructural modifications of lime-based mortars induced by ceramics and nanoparticle additives

Lime-based mortars are one of the principal choices for building and restoration projects, owing to their unique qualities and material compatibility. Admixtures have long been incorporated to enhance the performance and durability of mortars, with ceramics being a traditional choice. More recently, the addition of nanoparticles has been explored as a means to further improve these properties. However, the effective optimization of the complex interplay between additives in lime-based mortars, which is crucial for enhancing their sustainability, remains an ongoing area of research. This study investigated the effects of red-clay ceramic aggregates (RCC) and nanoparticle-based solutions of Ca(OH)2 and SiO2 on the mineralogy, hydraulicity, surface properties, pore structure, and mechanical properties of lime-based mortars. The addition of nanoparticle-based solutions increased the carbonation reactivity, whereas the ceramic aggregates caused a more extensive conversion of portlandite to calcite on the external faces, indicating reduced porosity during the carbonation process. Pozzolanic reactions and the formation of new calcium silicate compounds were observed, along with improved compaction, smoother surfaces, and microcrack formation. The porosity increased with the addition of the ceramic aggregates, whereas the addition of nanoparticles significantly increased the number of pores in the mesoporous range. The specific surface area of the mortars increased with the inclusion of ceramic aggregates and nanoparticles, whereas the open porosity increased and the density and compressive strength decreased with the addition of nanoparticles and associated pozzolanic reactions that occurred with the inclusion of ceramic aggregates. These findings lay the groundwork for future improvements in the formulation of lime-based mortars to balance hydraulicity, surface characteristics, and mechanical performance while preserving porosity.

Sandy soil based foam concrete with ultra-small pore structure through in-situ mechanical frothing

During the manufacturing of foam concrete, conventional chemical and physical foaming methods are still inadequate for regulating and stabilizing the bubble properties. In this work, a one-pot method, denoted as in-situ mechanical frothing, was proposed preparing foam concrete by vigorously stirring the mixture of water, cement, sandy soil, and foaming agent. Sandy soil (SS) was used in the content range of 25–75 % as cement replacement to decrease the binder consumption and reduce costs. The influence of in-situ mechanical frothing technology and SS dosage on the properties of paste rheology, pore structure, compressive strength, and thermal properties was investigated. The results showed that the average pore size of foam concrete prepared by this method is between 45.73 and 74.58 μm. The compressive strength of the formed foam concrete at dry density of 600–1000 kg/cm3 was 2.78–16.37 MPa, which was 85%–231 % higher than that the standard values. The incorporation of SS resulted in smaller and homogeneous pore structure in foam concrete. Moreover, foam concrete with 25–75 % SS dosage showed 7–40 % decrease in thermal conductivity. The overall analysis showed that the 25–50 % SS-incorporated foam concrete enabled achieving higher standard properties through in-situ mechanical frothing.

Designing P-doped graphite-like hierarchical porous carbon nanosheets from coal tar pitch for enhanced Zn-ion hybrid capacitors

The innovative design of pitch-based carbon cathodes holds profound implications for optimizing the efficient utilization of coal tar pitch (CTP) and hastening the progress of Zn-ion hybrid capacitors (ZIHCs). Herein, P-doped graphite-like porous carbon nanosheets (PGCNs) were designed by cleverly combining pre-oxidation, catalytic graphitization, and H3PO4 modification. Throughout oxidation, adjustments were made to the surface functional groups and molecular sizes of CTP to ensure subsequent catalytic and activation effects. Then a uniform lamellar structure and highly graphitized porous carbon matrix were successfully generated through catalytic graphitization. The pore structure and surface chemical properties were further enhanced through H3PO4 modification. When PGCNs were integrated into ZIHCs, the assembled Zn//PGCNs device demonstrated a specific capacity of 133.2 mAh/g at 1 A/g, an energy density of 113.8 Wh/kg at 404.7 W/kg, and maintained a cycle stability of 90.6% after 10,000 cycles.