Properties Of Polyvinyl Chloride Composites Research Articles

Features of PVC/ABS compositions filling

The work is devoted to the filling of PVC (polyvinyl chloride) compositions modified with ABS (acrylonitrile-butadiene styrene) in a wide concentration range, intended for the production of profiles and moldings of various functional purposes, with short-fiber basalt fiber. Powdered samples were made by extrusion (in the form of flat profiles) and by thermoplasticizing on rolls (in the form of films). Introduction of 10-40 phr ABS in PVC formulation makes it easier to recycle the composition. Similar situation is observed when these compositions are filled with basalt fiber, which leads to insignificant decrease of MFR (melt flow index) and thermal stability, which in general does not reflect negatively on melt flow conditions, at the same time extrudate swelling index decreases by 10-15%, which indicates possibility to provide products with more precise geometric dimensions. The change in the supramolecular structure was evaluated by thermomechanical tests and by energy dispersive analysis using electron microscopy data. Thermomechanical analysis showed that the presence of large doses of ABS has a positive effect on the technological properties, leading to an earlier development of highly elastic deformations and a decrease in the yield point of the compositions. Basalt fiber contributes to an insignificant decrease in the value of high elastic deformations and an increase in the density index of meshing knots. Energy dispersion analysis has shown that introduction of basalt fiber leads to formation of homogeneous structure of PVC at lower concentrations of ABS in the composition, influencing on increase of melt flowability and thermal stability. Improved technological properties of PVC compositions filled with short-fiber basalt fiber, modified with different concentrations of ABS, allow to recommend them for production of a wide range of profile and molded products.

INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECT OF BORON NITRIDE AND COLEMANITE ON THE PROPERTIES OF POLYVINYL CHLORIDE

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is used as an insulator in cable production. In order to enhance its thermal stability and flame retardant properties various chemicals have been added to PVC. In this study, hexagonal boron nitride (BN) and colemanite (C) at different concentrations were added to PVC to prepare composites by melt compounding method. The effect of formulation on the properties of PVC composites were observed. The thermal stability of PVC composites was determined by using a PVC Thermomat device. LOI (Limiting Oxygen Index) tests were performed to examine combustion characteristics. The mechanical properties of the composites were conducted by tensile tests. BN and C had a positive effect on the thermal stability of PVC. PVC remained stable for 3.74 hours at 210°C. Addition of BN and C (1 wt.% of the amount stabilizer) increased stability time to 4.16 hours, and 5.50 hours, respectively. The composite in which BN and C were used together remained stable for 5.74 hours. LOI value of BN and C added composite did not change noticeably, compared to neat PVC. The mechanical properties of composites remained within acceptable limits for being used in cable production. In brief, addition of BN or C to PVC is an effective technique to produce cables with improved properties for various applications.

About Communication of the Comparative Properties Plasticized PVC Compositions and Quantities of Additives Used

In work influence of the main additives (a heat stabiliser, softener, an excipient) on physicomechanical properties of compositions on the basis of polyvinylchloride (PVC) is studied. It is noted that increase in content of additives in a system in the stated quantities leads to change of Shore hardness of A. and melt flow rate. The functional interrelation between the applied additives and properties of plastic compounds is established. The reliability of the received mathematical model and its applicability for prediction of properties of PVC compositions depending on structure of a compounding is proved.

Modeling constituent–property relationship of polyvinylchloride composites by neural networks

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to develop an artificial neural network (ANN) model to predict and analyze the relationship between properties and process parameters of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) composites. The tensile strength, ductility, and density of PVC are modeled as a function of virgin PVC, recycled PVC, CaCO3, di‐2‐ethylhexyl phthalate, chlorinated paraffin wax, and CaCO3 particle size. The ANN model is trained using the backpropagation algorithm. The developed model was validated with a set of unseen test data. The correlation coefficient adj. R2 values for test data were 0.95, 0.83, and 0.90 for tensile strength, density, and ductility, respectively. The relationship between constituents and properties of PVC composites were analyzed by sensitivity analysis, index of relative importance, and quantitative estimation. The study concluded that ANN modeling was a dependable tool for the optimization of constituents for the desired properties of PVCs.

Evaluation of bactericidal properties of PVC-compositions for linoleum production

The present paper deals with evaluating bactericidal properties of polyvinylchloride compositions for linoleum manufacturing. PVC-floor coatings are widely used in health care facilities, hospitals and outpatient departments due to antistatic properties, non-toxicity, advanced resistance to wear, fastness to water, functionality and improved durability. Strict standards of resistance to bacteria and fungi are applied to this type of coatings due to their exposure to detergents and washing agents. Modifying PVCcomposition by calcium methylsilicate, also known as wollastonite, increases its resistance to Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms. Cationic surface-active substances are active to both type of microorganisms and could withstand propagation of bacterial medium on polyvinylchloride linoleum surface. They also exhibit the functions of biostatics inhibiting the growth of microorganisms and of bactericides killing microorganisms. Quaternary ammonium compounds represent efficient group of biocides for water-dispersible coating materials and for this reason their investigation for PVC-linoleum is of utmost interest. PVC floor coatings modified by wollastonite are more resistant to aggressive chemical liquids and microorganisms than linoleum with the base composition. The authors proved that PVC-based linoleum with surface-activated filler, wollastonite, had shown enhanced fastness to water and higher resistance to water solutions of antiseptic agents and bacteria.

The effects of polybenzimidazole and polyacrylic acid modified carbon black on the anti-UV-weathering and thermal properties of polyvinyl chloride composites

In this study, the effects of polybenzimidazole (PBI) and polyacrylic acid (PAA) modified carbon black (MCB) on the anti-UV-weathering and thermal properties of PVC composites were investigated. The optimal mass ratios of PBI and MCB to PVC are 0.1 wt% and 0.2 wt%, respectively, and the resultant 1PBI/2MCB/PVC composite membrane with a thickness of about 60 μm can block over 99% of UV light below 380 nm. The UV absorption mechanism was investigated by the optional band gap (Eg) and the fluorescence spectroscopy. The incorporation of PBI and MCB results in a decrease in Eg, from 4.96 eV for PVC membrane to 2.90 eV for 1PBI/2MCB/PVC composite membrane, and MCB can quench the fluorescence of PBI by photon-induced electron transfer to further protect PVC. The results of accelerated UV-weathering experiment indicate that the incorporation of PBI and MCB can improve the anti-UV-weathering property of PVC. The thermal degradation behaviors of PVC and its composite membranes in air and N2 atmosphere were also investigated. The highest char residue (13.7 wt%) is obtained in 1PBI/2MCB/PVC composite membrane at 800 °C in N2 atmosphere, with an increase of 73.4% compared with that of PVC membrane, which may be because PBI and MCB can synergistically accelerate the carbonization of PVC molecules to rapidly form stable char residue.

Influence of UV Radiation on Mechanical Properties of PVC Composites Reinforced with Pineapple Fiber

Pineapple fiber reinforced polyvinyl chloride (PVC) composites (25-75% fiber by weight) were fabricated using compression molding technique and the mechanical properties such as tensile strength (TS), tensile modulus (TM), bending strength (BS), bending modulus (BM) and impact strength (IS) of the composites were evaluated. It was found that at 55% fiber content, the composite exhibited the best mechanical properties. The TS, TM, BS, BM and IS were found to be 48.8 MPa, 773 MPa, 75.6 MPa, 4.2 GPa, 21.4 KJ/m2 for 55% fiber composite. The composites were exposed to different intensities of ultraviolet (UV) radiation (25-200 UV dose) and found significant improvement in the mechanical properties up to 100 UV dose. At 100 UV dose, the value of TS, TM, BS, BM and IS of the composite were found to be 57.3 MPa, 932 MPa, 87.5 MPa, 5.2 GPa and 26.3 KJ/m2 respectively. Water uptake behaviours of the non-irradiated and UV irradiated composites were also observed. The interfacial property was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

The Effect of Fillers on the Chemical, Mechanical and Dielectric Properties of Polyvinyl Chloride Composites

The compounding of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) with two types of fillers and some additives were studied for the manufacturing of acid resistant tile. Various concentrations of two types of fillers namely; calcium carbonate and recycled glass powder were used along with different additives generally categorized as plasticizers, stabilizers, and lubricants were mixed in the standard concentration unit parts per hundred resins (phr) with the PVC as base polymer. The effects of filler materials on acid resistant towered different acids like sulphuric, nitric and hydrochloric at different concentration were studied. Samples which passed the test were further checked for dielectric strength and mechanical properties. It was found that the recycled glass powder is very suitable filler for preparing PVC composites materials for flooring tile, where most samples undergo negligible change in weight and maintained its shape and flexibility during the acid resistant test.

The Effect of Fillers on the Chemical, Mechanical and Dielectric Properties of Polyvinyl Chloride Composites

The compounding of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) with two types of fillers and some additives were studied for the manufacturing of acid resistant tile. Various concentrations of two types of fillers namely; calcium carbonate and recycled glass powder were used along with different additives generally categorized as plasticizers, stabilizers, and lubricants were mixed in the standard concentration unit parts per hundred resins (phr) with the PVC as base polymer. The effects of filler materials on acid resistant towered different acids like sulphuric, nitric and hydrochloric at different concentration were studied. Samples which passed the test were further checked for dielectric strength and mechanical properties. It was found that the recycled glass powder is very suitable filler for preparing PVC composites materials for flooring tile, where most samples undergo negligible change in weight and maintained its shape and flexibility during the acid resistant test.

Mechanical Properties of Polyvinyl Chloride Composites Reinforced with Magnesium Borate Whiskers

To improve the strength and toughness performance of PVC, the resin reinforced with magnesium borate whiskers (MBOW ) were prepared by mixing whiskers into liquid PVC at room temperature. The effects of borate coupling agent (SBW-III) and contents of MBOw (0~30wt%) on tensile of PVC and composites were studied. The compatibility, hydrophilicity and morphology of MBOw/PVC composites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy ( FTIR), surface contact angle measurement and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) respectively. The results show that both the chemical bonding and physically adsorbed layers exist between MBOw and SBW-III. The surface of modified MBOw is hydrophobic which improves the binding force between PVC and treated MBOw, and the dispersibility of MBOw in PVC significantly. The tensile and the elastic modulus of the SBW-III-treated MBOw /PVC composites increase in comparison to that of the composites filled with untreated MBOw.

The Potential of Silane Coated Calcium Carbonate on Mechanical Properties of Rigid PVC Composites for Pipe Manufacturing

The inclusion of CaCO3 and kaolin in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) polymer matrices greatly enhances the physical and mechanical properties of the composite. In this study, the effects of kaolin and surface treatment of CaCO3 and kaolin particles on the microstructure and mechanical properties of PVC composites filled with kaolin particles via melt blending method were studied by means of SEM, tensile, Charpy impact testing, and FTIR. Treated and untreated kao-lin particles were dispersed in matrices of PVC resin at different concentrations up to 30 wt percentage. The tensile strength, elastic modulus, strain to failure and morphology of the resulting composites were measured for various filler loadings. Uniform dispersion of the fillers into the matrix proved to be a critical factor. SEM images revealed that small sized particles were more agglomerated than micron-sized particles and the amount of agglomerates increased with increasing particle content. Silane treated Kaolin-CaCO3/PVC composites had superior tensile and impact strengths to untreated kaolin-CaCO3/PVC composites. The Young’s modulus of all composites increased with increasing particle content up to maximum at 10% filler loading followed by gradually decreasing as content increased.

Electrical, mechanical and thermal properties of polyvinyl chloride composites filled with aluminum powder

In this work, the electrical, mechanical and thermal properties of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) composites filled with different content of aluminum powder varying from 0 to 40 wt.% have been prepared. The dielectric properties of these composites were investigated in the frequency range 100 Hz–100 kHz at temperature range from 30 to 98 °C. The percolation threshold concentration, which is the concentration after which the conductivity increases many orders of magnitude with very little increase in the filler content for PVC/Al composites depends upon the measuring temperature, whether it is below or above the glass transition of the polymer matrix. The highest value of the electrical conductivity, σ, of the composites was found to be in the order of 10 −8 S cm −1, this value recommend such composites to be used in electrostatic dissipation applications as the range of conductivity for such application should be in the range of 10 −5–10 −9 S cm −1. The mechanical strength values decrease with increasing the aluminum content. It was also noticed that, both tensile strength and elongation at break values have been slightly decreased after annealing at 100 °C. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) micrographs of PVC containing different content of aluminum powder indicate that at the higher aluminum concentration (20 and 30 wt.%) large agglomerates of aluminum particles dispersed within the PVC, yielding a conductive path through the composite. The thermal stability of the prepared composite samples increases with increasing Al content.