Properties Of Polyethylene Terephthalate Films Research Articles

On the Effect of Non-Thermal Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Treatment on the Properties of PET Film.

The aim of the work was to investigate the effect of non-thermal plasma treatment of an ultra-thin polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film on changes in its physicochemical properties and biodegradability. Plasma treatment using a dielectric barrier discharge plasma reactor was carried out in air at room temperature and atmospheric pressure twice for 5 and 15 min, respectively. It has been shown that pre-treatment of the PET surface with non-thermal atmospheric plasma leads to changes in the physicochemical properties of this polymer. After plasma modification, the films showed a more developed surface compared to the control samples, which may be related to the surface etching and oxidation processes. After a 5-min plasma exposure, PET films were characterized by the highest wettability, i.e., the contact angle decreased by more than twice compared to the untreated samples. The differential scanning calorimetry analysis revealed the influence of plasma pretreatment on crystallinity content and the melt crystallization behavior of PET after soil degradation. The main novelty of the work is the fact that the combined action of two factors (i.e., physical and biological) led to a reduction in the content of the crystalline phase in the tested polymeric material.

Quantitative Characterization of the Anisotropy of the Stress-Optical Properties of Polyethylene Terephthalate Films Based on the Photoelastic Method.

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is one of the most commonly used substrate materials in the field of flexible electronics, and its stress-induced birefringence often has a detrimental effect on the optical properties of the device. Therefore, a deep and systematic understanding of the stress-optical properties of PET films is crucial for device design and manufacture. The photoelastic method is a direct optical measurement technique based on the stress-induced birefringence effect of materials, which has the advantages of being nondestructive and noncontact. In this work, the photoelastic method was used to quantitatively characterize the anisotropy of the stress-optical properties of PET films under the uniaxial stress state. First, a self-built reflection-transmission coaxial bidirectional photoelasticity measurement system was developed by means of a combination of transmission and reflection photoelasticity. Then, the stress-optical coefficients and isoclinic angles of PET films with different stretching angles were measured. Finally, the linear combinations of the photoelastic tensor components and refractive-index-related parameters were determined by fitting the analytical relationship between the stress-optical coefficients and isoclinic angles.

Polyelectrolyte-Assisted Dispersions of Reduced Graphite Oxide Nanoplates in Water and Their Gas-Barrier Application.

Dispersion of graphene and related materials in water is needed to enable sustainable processing of these 2D materials. In this work, we demonstrate the capability of branched polyethylenimine (BPEI) and polyacrylic acid (PAA) to stabilize reduced graphite oxide (rGO) dispersions in water. Atomic force microscopy colloidal probe measurements were carried out to investigate the interaction mechanisms between rGO and the polyelectrolytes (PEs). Our results show that for positive PEs, the interaction appears electrostatic, originating from the weak negative charge of graphene in water. For negative PEs, however, van der Waals forces may result in the formation of a PE shell on rGO. The PE-stabilized rGO dispersions were then used for the preparation of coatings to enhance gas barrier properties of polyethylene terephthalate films using the layer-by-layer self-assembly. Ten bilayers of rGOBPEI/rGOPAA resulted in coatings with excellent barrier properties as demonstrated by oxygen transmission rates below detection limits [<0.005 cm3/(m2 day atm)]. The observed excellent performance is ascribed to both the high density of the deposited coating and its efficient stratification. These results can enable the design of highly efficient gas barrier solutions for demanding applications, including oxygen-sensitive pharmaceutical products or flexible electronic devices.

Barrier and structural properties of polyethylene terephthalate film coated with poly(acrylic acid)/montmorillonite nanocomposites

Food packaging is one of the most important parts of the food industry, and polyethylene‐based polymers have been widely used as food packaging films. In this study, corona‐treated polyethylene terephthalate (PET) films were used to increase adhesion to the barrier coating solution for multilayered film formation and various concentrations of montmorillonite (MMT; 0, 1, 3, and 5 wt.%) were used to improve the barrier properties of PET films for food packaging after different treatments of MMT including ultrasonication with bath or probe and 100‐W or 300‐W microwave to evenly disperse MMT. Among them, a 300‐W microwave treatment was most effective for size reduction of MMT particles. Even though 5 wt.% MMT was used to coat PET films with polyacrylic acid (PAA), good transmittance in the visible region (500 nm) was obtained, with a value similar to that of the neat PET film. The dispersion of MMT and binding of PAA/MMT nanocomposites were confirmed by field‐emission scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analyses. The water vapor and oxygen barrier properties of PET films were enhanced by PAA coating. Moreover, the oxygen permeability of PET films decreased via coating by PAA blended with 1 and 3 wt.% MMT. Based on these results, the PET film coated with PAA/MMT nanocomposites could be applied as food packaging films that require high gas barrier properties for oxygen‐sensitive food.

Effect of electronic irradiation on the properties of polyethyleneterephthalate films of various producers

Studies on the effect of electron irradiation on the properties of polyethylene terephthalate films of various brands have been carried out. An analysis of the results shows that the relative elongation of the Mylar-type film is ~ 70%, for PET ε it is 48%. According to the strength properties, Russian-made PET is more resistant to electronic effects and is destroyed at doses of 109 Gy, while the Mylar ones at 105 Gy. The calculation made according to the proposed models (exponential and generalized) is in satisfactory agreement with experimental data.

Optical, mechanical, and photoelastic anisotropy of biaxially stretched polyethylene terephthalate films studied using transmission ellipsometer equipped with strain camera and stress gauge

ABSTRACTThe anisotropic properties of polyethylene terephthalate film resulting from its manufacturing process are quantitatively investigated in terms of its optical, mechanical, and photoelastic aspects. Transmission ellipsometers and a Jones‐matrix‐based analysis software together with a 4 × 4 Berreman‐matrix‐based analysis software are adopted to determine the wavelength‐dependent in‐plane birefringence, the principal refractive indices, and the orientation of the optical axis. Mechanical anisotropy is characterized in terms of the elastic compliance tensor components using the measured azimuthal angle‐dependent Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio. From the measured variation of the wavelength‐dependent in‐plane birefringence as a function of tensile stress, the dispersive photoelastic coefficients are obtained for a few sample azimuthal angles, and the components of the photoelastic tensor are determined. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2019, 57, 152–160

Comparison of charge response of PET films of different brands used as high threshold Nuclear Track Detectors

Commercially available polymer films of a particular brand (Desmat CT100), identified as Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET), was shown to be very effective as Nuclear Track Detectors (NTDs) with a very high detection threshold (Z/β≈ 140). It makes this particular brand of PET films an ideal choice as an NTD for rare event (e.g. strangelets) search in cosmic rays as well as in particle accelerators. Charge response and other properties of PET films from different batches of the Desmat CT100 brand as well as PET films from two other manufacturers, Plus Print and Office Plus were studied to check for consistency. Those studies show no significant difference among different batches of PET films for the Desmat CT100 brand. But statistically significant differences in charge response are seen between PET films from different manufacturers despite similarities in their chemical composition.

Оптические характеристики пленок полиэтилентерефталата, имплантированных ионами никеля

Оптические характеристики пленок полиэтилентерефталата, имплантированных ионами никеля

Effect of aluminum oxide coating on structural, barrier and electret properties of polyethylene terephthalate films

Polyethylene terephthalate film 12 μm thick with vacuum-deposited AlO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> coating was studied. Optical and atomic force microscopy was used to investigate surface topology. Film haze, optical density, surface tension, oxygen and vapor transmission rates were measured to estimate barrier performances of the film. To study effect of the coating on electret properties of the film surface potential, electric field strength and efficient surface charge density and thermally stimulated surface potential relaxation were measured. Optimal charging conditions for coated and uncoated polyethylene terephthalate films were found. Interaction of the film with different model mediums simulating foodstuff was studied. Coated electret film can be used as active packaging material with high barrier properties.

Experimental study on surface modification of PET films under bipolar nanosecond-pulse dielectric barrier discharge in atmospheric air

Abstract Dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) is widely used for surface modification of polymer films. In this paper, DBD characteristics under bipolar repetitive frequency nanosecond pulse in atmospheric air are studied and surface properties of polyethylene terephthalate films under homogeneous DBD and filamentary DBD modification are compared through scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and dielectric test equipment. It is found that the discharge is homogeneous when gap spacing d is less than 1.2 mm and filamentary when d is within the range of 3.0 mm to 5.8 mm. SEM pictures reveal that films under homogeneous DBD present a smooth surface while intensive “gully-like” etches appear on the surface of the films under filamentary DBD, which can result in local insulation defects and is disadvantageous to surface modification. It is found from the XPS analysis that a number of oxygen-containing polar groups are introduced onto the surface of the film modified by homogeneous DBD compared with the untreated one. Experimental results for dielectric properties indicate that the three parameters: relative dielectric constant ɛr, dielectric loss tangent tan δ and breakdown voltages Vb are all changed in different degree after surface modification. And possible reason for the phenomenon is discussed.

Surface Treatment of Polyethylene Terephthalate to Improving Hydrophilicity Using Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Jet

In this paper, the effects of atmospheric pressure argon (Ar) plasma jet treatments on the surface properties of polyethylene terephthalate films are studied. Different discharge power density, treatment distance, and treatment time are selected to study the effects of discharge operation parameters on the surface treatments, and the surface properties of the untreated and plasma-treated samples are characterized through water contact angle and surface energy measurement, Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, with the modification mechanism being discussed. Results show that after the atmospheric pressure Ar plasma jet treatment, the water contact angle decreases with the increase of treatment time and surface energy increases with the increase of treatment time, and both of them reach saturated value at certain treatment time. It is found that, the shorter the treatment distance and the higher discharge power density are, the greater are the water contact angle decreasing and surface energy increasing, and the introduction of oxygen-containing polar groups is the main reason for the improvement of surface hydrophilicity. Therefore by shorting treatment distance and increasing the discharge power density, more oxygen-containing polar groups are generated in the jet, thus the treatment time to obtain the efficient treatment effect is reduced.

Surface Properties of Polyethylene Terephthalate Films Modified by Far UV Radiation at 193 nm

The surface of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) obtained with 193 nm pulsed radiation of the ArF excimer laser in air is studied at different fluences for amorphous and semicrystalline samples by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and by etch-depth measurements. Mainly the surface structure created on PET appears to result from a difference in the etch rate between amorphous and semicrystalline PET. La surface du Polyethylene Terephthlate (PET) obtenue par le traitement d'une radiation pulsee de longueur d'onde 193 nm d'un laser a excimer ArF est etudiee a differentes fluences par des echantillons amorphes et semicrystallins par microscopie electronique a balayage (SEM) et par des mesures de profondeur d'ablation. La structure de la surface creee sur le PET resulte essentiellement de la difference dans le taux d'ablation entre le PET amorphe et semicrystallin.

The Effect of Humidity on the Dielectric Properties of Polyethylene Terephthalate Films

Abstract Dielectric relaxation measurements have been performed on 75 μm thick polyethylene terephthalate (PET) films. At 1 kHz frequency, samples treated by 55% and 100% relative humidity (RH) showed loss tangent increase of 28% and of 56%, respectively. Confirmed by the dielectric constant results, the increased strengths of the relaxation were linearly related to the percentage RH within experimental error. The activation energy of molecular polarization at 100% RH was determined by the Arrhenius relation to be 97.9 kJ/mol. This value is 36% greater than that of the dry and 55% RH samples, indicating that the water molecules are restricted between the polymeric chains. Possible mechanisms including van der Waals bonding of the water molecules to the terminal ends of the polymer chains or to carbonyl groups are suggested.

Infrared properties of polyethylene terephthalate films

The infrared radiation properties of polyethylene terephthalate films are calculated from the optical constants. Hemispherical total transmittance and emittance are given as functions of thickness. The difference between these properties and those of glass will significantly affect the thermal conductance of windows or solar collector covers.

A Method for Evaluating the Dynamic Mechanical Properties of a Polymer Fiber or Film Immersed in a Liquid Environment

By a simple modification, the rheovibron can be used to measure the dynamic mechanical properties of polymeric samples in equilibrium with liquids. Recent studies have shown that liquids capable of specific strong interaction with polymers can cause crystallization to occur. To demonstrate the utility of the modified rheovibron, it has been used to investigate the effect of liquid-induced crystallization on the glass-transition temperature and the dynamic mechanical properties of polyethylene terephthalate film in the presence of various solvents.

Effect of liquid media on the mechanical properties of polyethyleneterephthalate films

Effect of liquid media on the mechanical properties of polyethyleneterephthalate films

Change in optical properties of polyethylene terephthalate film irradiated with 25–150 keV protons

Convenient dos ime t r i c methods a r e needed for use with low-ene rgy heavy charged pa r t i c l e s in r ad i a t ion c h e m i s t r y and radiobiology. One such method is based on the use of thin organic f i lms whose optical p r o p e r t i e s a re affected by ionizing radiat ion. In addition these f i lms have dos ime t r i c c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s (effect ive a tomic number , e lec t ron density, mean exci tat ion potential) s i m i l a r to those of many media of in te res t in radia t ion c h e m i s t r y and radiobiology [1]. We have invest igated the cha r ac t e r i s t i c s of polyethylene te rephtha la te (PETPH) f i lm 9.5 ~ thick (without p las t ic izer ) having a densi ty of 1.4 g / c m 3. The f i lm thickness was monitored in all exper iments by the m e a s u r e m e n t of ~ s p e c t r a . P E T P H is a l inear po lyes t e r fo rmed by the condensation of ethylene glycol and terephthal ic acid [2]: (-0-CH2-CH2-0-C0--C~H4--C0--)n.

Effect of ?-radiation on the mechanical properties of polyethylene terephthalate films

Effect of ?-radiation on the mechanical properties of polyethylene terephthalate films

Effect of stretching of the structure and properties of polyethylene-terephthalate films — V. X-ray studies of crystallization processes in uniaxially oriented specimens : G. L. Berestneva, D. Ya. Tsvankin and P. V. Kozlov, Vysokomol. soedin. 3: No. 12, 1787–1793, 1961

Effect of stretching of the structure and properties of polyethylene-terephthalate films — V. X-ray studies of crystallization processes in uniaxially oriented specimens : G. L. Berestneva, D. Ya. Tsvankin and P. V. Kozlov, Vysokomol. soedin. 3: No. 12, 1787–1793, 1961

Physical Properties of Polyethylene Terephthalate Films

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhysical Properties of Polyethylene Terephthalate FilmsLeonard E. Amborski and Donald W. FlierlCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1953, 45, 10, 2290–2295Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1953Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1953https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50526a042RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1023Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (519 KB) Get e-Alerts