Properties Of Pineapple Leaf Fiber Research Articles

Characterization of mechanical behavior of pineapple leaf fiber composite

In the current era, the need for an alternate material from the alloy has shown an abundant growth. For various reasons, the alloys are being replaced with composites. On this hand, natural fibers have discovered a speedy growth in the industry due to eco-friendly nature and availability. The current growth in natural compositeare fibers obtained from the fruit. In this study, the pineapple fruit is considered, and the fibers are obtained from the leaf. It is commonly called as PineApple Leaf Fiber (PALF). As the length of the leaf varies, length of the fiber obtained are not uniform and scope of the fiber is observed to be short. The fibers are extracted from the leaf andis chemically treated. The obtained fibers are reinforced with epoxy resin and composites are prepared by hand lay-up method. The fiber content is varied from 10% to 30% by weight. The study is carried out to understand the basic properties of pineapple leaf fiber. As natural fibers are hydrophilic, it is highly sensitivity to moisture and heat, this behavior is understood with the moisture test. Furthermore, this study reviews about the extraction, fabrication and mechanical properties of the reinforced natural composite with its potential applications.

Effect of gamma radiation on mechanical properties of pineapple leaf fiber (PALF)-reinforced low-density polyethylene (LDPE) composites

Pineapple leaf fiber (PALF) is one of the abundantly available agro-waste materials in Bangladesh. PALF-reinforced low-density polyethylene (LDPE)-based composites were fabricated by compression molding with randomly oriented fiber loading varying 10–60 wt%. In this study the influence of the fiber loading on the mechanical properties such as tensile, flexural and Izod impact was investigated. Water absorption tests of the composites were also carried out for determining water resistance properties of composites. Thermal properties of PALF were analyzed by thermogravimetry and derivative thermogravimetry. Scanning electronic microscopic studies were performed to understand the fiber–matrix adhesion and fiber breakage. To improve the compatibility between fiber and matrix, 50/50 PALF/LDPE composites were irradiated with gamma rays (Co-60) of doses where composites irradiated with 7.5 kGy dose showed the best results. Tensile properties of the composites were found to be improved significantly after gamma irradiation.

Effects of Surface Modifications on the Mechanical Properties of Reinforced Pineapple Leaf Fibre Polypropylene Composites

Pineapple Leaf Fibre (PALF) is one of the natural fibres that have high potential in the industry. Natural fibres have become the main alternative source for reinforced polymer composites. The objective of this study is to observe the effect of chemical treatments using Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) solution, Zinc chloride, Acetic Anhydride and Nitric acid on the mechanical properties of pineapple leaf fibre reinforced polypropylene composites. The tensile test was conducted by using the ASTM D638-10 to obtain the tensile strength (TS) and Young’s modulus (YM), Flexural properties were conducted to determine the flexural strength (FS) and flexural modulus (FM) of the reinforced composites using the ASTM D256-10 method, and impact test was conducted to determine the impact strength (IS) of the reinforced composites using the Izod ASTM D790-17 method. From the results obtained, the composites with surface modified PALF fillers show enhanced mechanical properties over the untreated PALF fillers in this order; for TS untreated composite C3H6O3 3. For YM untreated composite 3 C3H6O3 3 3H6O3. For FM, untreated reinforced PALF/PP composites C3H6O3 3. For IS, the untreated reinforced PALF/PP composites 3 C3H6O3. SEM analysis was carried out on the PALF before the compounding to analyze the effect of the surface modification agents.

Effect of Subang Pineapple Leaf Fiber Loading on Flammability and Mechanical Properties of Pineapple Leaf Fiber Reinforced Polypropylene Composites

Environmentally friendly composites are composites with one or all of the constituent elements being natural materials. Indonesia with high biodiversity resources produces a lot of various types of natural fibers as reinforcements, one of them is pineapple leaf fiber (PALF). This study aimed to determine the effect of Subang PALF contents on flammability, impact resistance, and hardness of polypropylene (PP) / Subang PALF composites. Three compositions of PALF in PP were fabricated by hot press method. Pristine PP samples were also prepared for comparison. Flammability, impact, and hardness test results showed that composites with 40 wt.% PALF were the best with their respective values of (15.7 ± 0.4) mm/minute, (31.6 ± 4.5) J/cm2, and (60.5 ± 2.01) HD.

Effect of Alkali Treatment on Mechanical and Morphological Properties of Pineapple Leaf Fibre/Polyester Composites

In this study, our aim is to analyze the influence of fibre treatments and different fibre loading on mechanical, physical and chemical properties of pineapple leaf fibre reinforced polyester composites (PALF/PE). Fibre treatments were carried out with 1 N NaOH and KOH for 1 h. The untreated and treated PALF/PE composites were fabricated with 25 wt%, 35 wt% and 45 wt% fibre loadings by compression molding technique. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to understand the effects of chemical treatment on PALF mechanical test results revealed that 45 wt% of PALF/PE composites treated with NaOH showed a 35% increase in tensile strength compared to untreated PALF/PE composites. The tensile modulus and the flexural module are also the highest at 45 wt% of KOH treated composites. The highest impact strength of 70 J/m was obtained for PALF/PE composites with NaOH treated fibres at 25% fibre loading. The results show that the fibre treatments in terms of the flexural and inter-laminar shear strength of composites were not effective. SEM of the tensile fractured specimen of PALF/PE composites revealed the changes in fibre characteristics due to the alkali treatment and less fibre pull-out at higher fibre loading. Overall we conclude that 1 N NaOH, 45 wt% treated PALF/PE composites satisfactorily and effectively improved both the mechanical and morphological properties. Obtained composites would be promising for construction materials, furniture and automotive components due to their superior strength and modulus at higher fibre loading.

Revisiting the Morphology, Microstructure, and Properties of Cellulose Fiber from Pineapple Leaf so as to Expand Its Utilization

Pineapple leaf waste is an agricultural product that is available in large quantities and is still under-utilized. Therefore, the aim of this work was to investigate the morphology, microstructure, and mechanical properties of pineapple leaf fibre (PALF) such that its full potential may be realized. Pineapple leaf, its fibre bundles and elementary fibres have been investigated. Morphology, size, and mechanical properties of fibre bundles extracted from different parts (i.e. bottom, middle and top) of a leaf were studied. It was found that the PALF obtained from vascular tissue and from the mesophyll have different macroscopic shapes. Both, however, contain micron-size elementary fibres of similar size and shape. Size and properties of fibre bundles change from the bottom end of a leaf toward the top end. Pineapple leaf microfibre (PALMF) was found to be smaller in diameter than other natural fibres. It is also very long and its structure changes according to its position along the leaf. At the bottom end a clear and large central hole or lumen can be observed. At the top the lumen becomes almost undetectable. The mechanical strength of PALMF appears to decrease, albeit very slightly, toward the tip of the leaf. The mechanical properties of the fibres are relatively high and comparable to that of flax and hemp fibres which are widely studied and used as reinforcing materials in composites. Very long microfibre can easily be obtained from fibre bundles by dissolving the binding matrix. Potential applications for this microfibre are suggested.

A Study on the Effect of Fibre Dimensions on the Thermal Conductivity of Pineapple Leaf Fibre Reinforced Polypropylene Composites

This research was carried out to study the thermal conductivity (TC) properties of pineapple leaf fibre (PALF) reinforced polypropylene (PP) composites. The pineapple leaf fibre dimensions were altered specifically at the macro, micro and nano dimensional states. It was considered that the thermal conductivity (TC) behavior of pineapple leaf fibre/polypropylene (PALF/PP) composites would be significantly higher when the pineapple leaf fibre which is the reinforcement agent undergoes dimensional changes. The study also considered the effect the fibre surface modification agents would have on the thermal behavior of the reinforced pineapple leaf fibre /polypropylene composites. The fibre surface modification agents used in this study are sodium hydroxide, zinc chloride, acetic anhydride and nitric acid. The guided plate steady state approach for determining thermal conductivity was used in this research. Results showed that the micro and nano fibrils of the reinforcing agent contributed to the enhanced thermal conductivity behavior of the reinforced pineapple leaf fibre/polypropylene composites. The results obtained also showed that the reinforced microfibrils pineapple leaf fibre /polypropylene composites and reinforced nanofibrils pineapple leaf fibre/polypropylene composites modified with nitric acid exhibits higher thermal conductivity than reinforced pineapple leaf fibre/polypropylene (PALF/PP) composites modified with acetic anhydride, zinc chloride, sodium hydroxide and the unmodified pineapple leaf fibre in descending order respectively.

Improvement of Physicomechanical Properties of Pineapple Leaf Fiber Reinforced Composite.

Pineapple leaf fiber (PALF) reinforced polypropylene (PP) composites were prepared by compression molding. The fiber content varied from 25% to 45% by weight. Water uptake percentages of the composites containing various wt% of fiber were measured. All the composites demonstrated lower water uptake percentages and maximum of 1.93% for 45 wt% PALF/PP composite treated with 7(w/v)% NaOH. Tensile Strength (TS), Tensile Modulus (TM), Elongation at Break (Eb %), Bending Strength (BS), Bending Modulus (BM), and Impact Strength (IS) were evaluated for various fiber content. The 45 wt% PALF/PP composite exhibited an increase of 210% TS, 412% TM, 155% BS, 265% BM, and 140% IS compared to PP matrix. Moreover, with the increasing of fiber content, all the mechanical properties increase significantly; for example, 45 wt% fiber loading exhibited the best mechanical property. Fibers were also treated with different concentration of NaOH and the effects of alkali concentrations were observed. The composite treated with 7 (w/v)% NaOH exhibited an increase of 25.35% TS, 43.45% TM, 15.78% BS, and 52% BM but 23.11% decrease of IS compared to untreated composite. Alkali treatment improved the adhesive characteristics of fiber surface by removing natural impurities, hence improving the mechanical properties. However, over 7% NaOH concentration of the tensile strength of the composite reduced slightly due to overexposure of fibers to NaOH.

Effect of Fiber Loadings and Treatment on Dynamic Mechanical, Thermal and Flammability Properties of Pineapple Leaf Fiber and Kenaf Phenolic Composites

This study deals with the analysis of dynamic mechanical, thermal and flammability properties of treated and untreated pineapple leaf fiber (PALF) and kenaf fiber (KF) phenolic composites. Results indicated that storage modulus was decreased for all composites with increases in temperature and pattern of slopes for all composites, having almost the same values of E' at glass transition temperature (Tg). The peak of the loss modulus of pure phenolic composites was shown to be much less. After the addition of kenaf/PALF, peaks were higher and shifted towards a high temperature. The Tan delta peak height was low for pure phenolic composites and maximum for 60% PALF phenolic composites. Cole-Cole analysis was carried out to understand the phase behavior of the composite samples. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results indicated that pure phenolic composites have better thermal stability than PALF and kenaf phenolic composites. Vertical and horizontal UL-94 tests were conducted and showed pure phenolic resin is highly fire resistant. The overall results showed that treated KF composites enhanced the dynamic mechanical and thermal properties among all PALF/KF composites.

Alkalinization and graft copolymerization of pineapple leaf fiber cellulose and evaluation of physic‐chemical properties

Modification in physico‐chemical properties of pineapple leaf fiber (PALF) using NaOH treatment and graft copolymerization technique was investigated in the present study. The free radical graft copolymerization was carried out in presence of redox initiators of ferrous ammonium sulfate (FAS) and potassium persulfate (KPS), using monomers methyl methacrylate (MMA) and butyl acrylate (BA) in water medium. The structural analysis by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy images confirmed the successful incorporation of acrylate monomers onto cellulose backbone. The optimum graft percentage (64.3%) was determined at molar concentration ratio of initiators (KPS:FAS) (1:0.5) and acrylate monomers (MMA:BA) (2:1). The poly(acrylates‐g‐PALF) exhibits good thermal stability than ungrafted and treated fiber. Presence of BA increases the grafting percentage up to 60.80% and exhibited inverse behavior on the mechanical properties as well as in crystallinity. It has been observed that specific stress of grafted fibers is lower to that of ungrafted fibers. In this study, the degradation of fibers under UV exposure and in soil environment was investigated and changes in surface morphology and mechanical strength of fibers were studied along with the comparison between fibers before and after degradation. POLYM. COMPOS., 40:1395–1403, 2019. © 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers

Cure Characteristics and Mechanical Properties of Pineapple Leaf Fibre Filled Natural Rubber

The cure characteristics and mechanical properties of natural rubber filled with pineapple leaf fibre (PLF) were studied at different filler contents and particle sizes. The PLF was characterized for filler properties while carbon black (N330) served as the reference filler. The natural rubber vulcanizates were compounded on a two-roll mill. Results showed that PLF (300 μm) filled natural rubber vulcanizates exhibited the highest maximum torque (Tmax) (47.04 lb-in) at filler content, 10 phr among the filler particle sizes investigated. The minimum torque (Tmin) of the vulcanizates generally increased with the increase in filler contents and particle sizes. The scorch times of the rubber vulcanizates did not vary with fibre content while the cure times of PLF (300 μm) filled rubber vulcanizates decreased with filler content. The tensile strength (TS) of PLF (150 μm) filled natural rubber vulcanizates generally increased with the increase in filler content whereas the tensile modulus of the rubber vulcanizates decreased steadily with increasing filler particle size at filler contents, 5 and 30 phr. The elongation at break (EB) of the rubber vulcanizates exhibited no general order of variation with filler content and particle size, and was generally greater than that of unfilled natural rubber. The flexural strength of the rubber vulcanizates increased with increasing filler particle size at filler contents, 20 and 40 phr. The addition of PLF and carbon black improved the compression strength of the rubber vulcanizates, and which for PLF (300 μm) and CB fillers generally increased with the increase in filler content. The study has demonstrated the enhancement of properties of natural rubber vulcanizates on incorporation of PLF into natural rubber, however, the property enhancements obtained were less than those recorded for CB filled natural rubber vulcanizates.

Mechanical Properties of Pineapple Leaf Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Infused with Silicon Carbide Micro Particles

ABSTRACTNatural fiber composite materials are finding applications in the manufacturing of the nonstructural parts in different areas of aerospace, automobiles…etc. In this study, the effect of addition of silicon carbide (SiC) particles on the mechanical properties of the pineapple leaf fiber (PALF)-reinforced polymer composite is examined using a two-step approach. Finite element analysis was performed to characterize the properties of the equivalent epoxy/SiC matrix. Then, using the equivalent matrix properties, the hybrid composite with the PALF fiber is characterized. It was observed that the infusion of the particles has increased the shear properties of the fiber reinforced composite material significantly.

Effect of Extraction Process and Surface Treatment on the mechanical properties in Pineapple Leaf Fibre

Pineapple Leaf Fibre (PALF) is a one of the natural fibre that has high potential in the industry. Natural fibres have become the main alternative source in the modern world industry. The objective of this study is to observe the effect chemical treatment using Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) solution on the physical and mechanical properties of pineapple leaf fibre. Different concentration of NaOH solution (2%, 4%, 6%, 8%) and different treatment time (1 hour, 3 hour and 5 hour) are used for the experiment. The tensile test was conducted to obtain the mechanical properties such as tensile strength, Yong modulus, (E) and elongation at break. From the results obtained, NaOH concentration of 6% and five-hour treatment time that was used for treatment showed the higher physical and mechanical properties values. Furthermore, morphology analysis also shows the surface of the fibre at 6% NaOH after five-hour of treatment was in the better condition with good bonding arrangement of the fibre.

Mechanical Properties of Pineapple Leaf Fibre Reinforced Polymer Composites for Application as Prosthetic Socket

Biodegradable fibers derived from natural plants are abundantly available and are currently considered as waste. This study aims at investigating the mechanical properties of pineapple leaf fiber reinforced thermoset composites as possible alternatives to the above-knee glass fiber reinforced prosthetic socket. This study was carried out according to ASTM (2004) standards at temperature and relative humidity of 26 ± 3 °C and 51 ± 2%, respectively. Continuous pineapple leaf fibers are treated with sodium hydroxide and acetic acid, and then added to epoxy and polyester at varying fiber loadings of 0, 20, 30, 40 and 50% to produce fiber reinforced composites using the hand lay-up method. The mechanical properties of glass fiber polyester composite (GFPC) were compared with pineapple leaf fiber polyester composites (PLPC) and pineapple leaf epoxy composites (PLEC). The results showed that PLEC, particularly at 40% fiber loading, had superior mechanical properties than GFPC and PLPC. The tensile, flexural and impact strengths of PLEC are 76.47 ± 3.85 MPa, 81.27 ± 1.77 MPa and 59.03 ± 0.99 k/Jm2 , respectively. These values are higher than those of PLPC with tensile, flexural and impact strengths of 62.09 ± 4.47 MPa, 53.02 ± 1.20 MPa 45.22 ± 1.10 k/Jm2 , respectively. The tensile, flexural and impact strengths of GFPC are also lower and are respectively 59.03 ± 0.99 MPa, 66.10 ± 1.88 MPa and 52.48 ± 1.77 k/Jm2 . Thus, PLEC has the potential to be further developed as a replacement for glass fiber in above-knee prosthetic sockets.

The study of mechanical properties of pineapple leaf fibre reinforced tapioca based bioplastic resin composite

Natural fibre reinforced composite has brought the material engineering to a high new level of research. Natural fibres are compatible with matrices like polypropylene and can be used as reinforcement material to reduce the composition of plastic in a material. Natural fibres such as kenaf, pineapple leaf, and coir already found its importance in reducing the dependence of petroleum based products. However the biodegradability of the product at the end of the intended lifespan is still questionable. This has led many researches to look for a suitable replacement for synthetic fibres and achieve better adhesion between fibre and matrix. In this study, fiber and matrix which are hydrophilic in nature was used and the mixture was extruded and hot compressed to acquire better mechanical properties. The specimens were fabricated and tested according to ASTM D638. The 30% composition illustrates the best average modulus value among other composition and from this result it can be concluded that the increase of PALF fibre in TBR composite increases the modulus strength of the composite.

Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Silane Treated Pineapple Leaf Fiber Reinforced Polylactic Acid Composites

In this work, the mechanical and thermal properties of pineapple leaf fiber (PALF)/poly (lactic acid) (PLA) composites were studied. Pineapple leaf fibers were pretreated with 4 %wt sodium hydroxide solution followed by various silane solutions i.e. γ-(aminopropyl) trimethoxy silane (APS), γ-methacrylate propyl trimethoxy (A174) and bis [3-(triethoxysilyl) propyl] tetrasulfide (Si69). FTIR results show a significant functional groups of C=O and C=C of methacrylic group, NH2group and Si-O which are the characteristic of these silane coupling agents. SEM micrographs of pretreated PALF showed a rough surface while untreated and silane treated PALF revealed less roughness. It was found that the tensile strength at break of PLA is 56 MPa and tensile strength of composites decreased when fiber content increased. The tensile modulus of silane treated PALF composites were higher than PLA, whereas their impact strength were similar to PLA. Si69 treated PALF showed lower impact strength compared to the others silanes treated fiber which indicates more phase separation between fiber and matrix. This is related to high percentage of crystallinity of composite from Si69 treated fiber. It was also found that the addition of PALF did not change the glass transition temperature and melting temperature of PLA while the percentage of crystallinity increases as the fiber content increased. In addition WAXS study of composite from Si69 treated fiber reveals sharp crystalline peaks of PLA while the others silane treatments show amorphous characteristic of PLA.

Tensile Properties of Pineapple Leaf Fibre Reinforced Unsaturated Polyester Composites

In recent years natural fibres such as sisal, jute, kenaf, pineapple leaf and banana fibres appear to be the outstanding materials which come as the viable and abundant substitute for the expensive and non-renewable synthethic fibre. This paper investigate the effect of fibre length and fibre content on the tensile properties of pineapple leaf fibre (PALF) reinforced unsaturated polyester (UP) composites. PALF as reinforcement agent will be employed with UP to form composite material specimens. The various of fiber length (<0.5, 0.5–1, and 1-2 mm) and fibre content (0, 5, 10 and 15 % by volume) in UP composite have been studied. The fabrication of PALF/UP composites used hand lay-up process, and the specimens for tensile test prepared follow the ASTM D3039. The result obtained from this study show that the 1-2 mm fibre length has higher tensile strength (42 MPa) and tensile modulus (1344 MPa) values compared to fibre length of <0.5 mm (30 MPa and 981 MPa) and 0.5-1 mm (35.40 MPa and 1020 MPa) respectively. Meanwhile, for the effect of various fibre content in study has shown that the increase of fibre content has decreased in tensile strength dan tensile modulus of composites. The increase of fibre content due to poor interfacial bonding and poor wetting of the fibre by unsaturated polyster. The treatment of natural fibre are suggested in order to improve the interfacial adhesion between natural fibre and the unsaturated polyester.

Adhesive Content Influence on Antimicrobial Properties of Pineapple Leaf Fiber

This study tests the antimicrobial properties of pineapple leaf fiber. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), infrared analysis (IR) and other test methods were used to examine the microcosmic morphologies of pineapple leaf fiber. As the pineapple leaf fiber adhesive content reduce fiber antibacterial. Adhesive content 54% of fiber to escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus antibacterial value is maximum. With further reduce fiber adhesive content, fiber antimicrobial declined obviously. The results indicate that the anaerobic bacteria can’t survive in the inside of pineapple leaf fiber where exist a large specific surface-area, lots of holes and Voids, and much oxygen. Pineapple leaf fiber contains a lot of phenols and their derivatives which are effective natural bacteria resistant materials and inhibit the metabolism and physiology of bacillus and other microorganism,break the structure of germ, and repress the generation of bacillus until the death of germ.Moreover, the existence of a small amount of cannabinol is adequate to kill the microorganisms.

Preparation and properties of pineapple leaf fiber reinforced poly(lactic acid) green composites

Green composites from Pattawia pineapple leaf fiber (PALF) and poly(lactic acid) (PLA) were prepared. The mechanical method was chosen to extract PALF from fresh leaves due to this method gave high yield of fiber, short extraction time, and environmental friendly. Tensile and thermal properties, together with morphology of the fibers were disclosed. The fibers were conducted into a specified length of 1-3 mm and blended with PLA, using a twin screw extruder, with the PALF content of 10-50 wt%. Tensile testing, morphology investigation and thermogravimetric analysis were applied. Preliminary results showed that tensile modulus of the composites depended on PALF content. The tensile modulus and elongation at break of the composite containing 40 % PALF was about 48 %, and 111 % increase, respectively, compared with that of PLA. With addition of maleic anhydride coupling agent, such the composite showed the tensile modulus of 5.1 GPa, which was 34 % higher than that of the non-coupling agent composite, and about 104 % higher than that of PLA. Although the elongation at break of the composite containing 40 % PALF was found to dramatically increase by 111 %, the introduction of maleic anhydride in such the composite caused only 57 % increase in the elongation at break compared with that of PLA. Finally, a pilot product of square boxes was produced successfully from the proposed composite, by conventional injection molding process.

The effect of mercerization process on the structural and morphological properties of pineapple leaf fiber (PALF) pulp

Environmental awareness and depletion of the wood resources are among vital factors that motivate various researchers to explore the potential of agrobased crops as an alternative source of fiber material in paper industries such as writing, printing, wrapping, and packaging. Fibers from agro-based crops are available in abundance, low cost, and most importantly its biodegradability features, which sometimes referred as “ecofriendly” materials. This paper attempt to study the effect of mercerization treatment on the structural and morphological properties of pineapple leaf fiber (PALF) pulp. It was shown that the PALF pulp achieved favourable structural and morphological properties as characterized by FTIR spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometer and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The mercerized fibers (15% NaOH) achieved the best tensile properties compared to that of pristine fibers.This modification have the potential to be utilized as pulp for paper based products.