Properties Of Oxide Research Articles

Palladium nanocrystals immobilized on boron and nitrogen codoped mesoporous carbon spheres as efficient methanol oxidation electrocatalysts

The development of cost-effective and high-performance electrocatalysts is crucial for the widespread application of direct methanol fuel cell. Herein, a convenient and robust method is developed to the controllable fabrication of Pd nanocrystals in situ immobilized on boron and nitrogen codoped mesoporous carbon spheres (Pd/BNMCS) as anode catalysts for the methanol oxidation reaction. The as-derived Pd/BNMCS hybrids are equipped with a series of useful structural features, such as large specific surface area, abundant mesoporous channels, presence of plentiful B and N atoms, well-dispersive Pd nanoparticles, and good electrical conductivity. As a consequence, the optimized Pd/BNMCS catalyst demonstrates superior electrocatalytic methanol oxidation properties in terms of a large electrochemically active surface area, high mass/specific activities, and reliable long-term stability, which are significantly better than those of traditional carbon black and undoped mesoporous carbon sphere supported Pd catalysts. This study highlights the potential of heteroatom codoped mesoporous carbon matrixes in the construction of advanced noble metal electrocatalysts for practical fuel cell applications.

Cerebroprotective properties of nitric oxide in children in cardiac surgery (literature review)

Background. Cardiac surgery in conditions of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in children with congenital heart defects is characterized by a complex of damaging factors (initial immaturity of organs and systems, the fact of non-physiology of cardiopulmonary bypass, frequent use of perfusion and non-perfusion hypothermia, comorbid infection), which dictates the validity of using a number of strategies aimed at protecting vital organs and the brain above all.The objective was to study the effectiveness of the use of nitric oxide to protect the brain in children during surgical correction of congenital heart defects in cardiopulmonary bypass conditions.Materials and methods. A literary search was performed in domestic and international bibliographic databases for keywords: nitric oxide, cerebroprotection, cardiopulmonary bypass, organoprotection, inhalation of nitric oxide, children.Results. The review provides up-to-date information on the effect of nitric oxide on the components of the neurovascular unit: angiogenesis, proliferation and myelination of nerve cells, the role in neuroinflammation and deep hypothermic circulatory arrest.Conclusion. The results of many studies confirm the effectiveness of nitric oxide for neuroprotection. However, there is a deficit of clinical researches in general and in the pediatric patient population, which does not yet allow to definitely state its effectiveness.

Thermodynamic Justification for the Effectiveness of the Oxidation—Soda Conversion of Ilmenite Concentrates

This article presents the results of a thermodynamic analysis of the oxidation soda conversion reactions of minerals in ilmenite concentrates in the temperature range of 373–2273 K. The thermodynamic parameters of pseudorutile, pseudobrukite, and the new minerals, zhikinite and spessartine, were calculated for the first time. It has been established that the most important criterion relating to the stability of titanium minerals and related elements, as well as the reaction properties of the structural oxides of metals and silicon, is their degree of oxidation. Oxides of silicon (IV) and manganese have the best reactivity in solid-phase oxidizing alkaline environments (VI). Modeling this process scientifically substantiates the mechanism involved in the destruction of minerals in ilmenite concentrates in the low-temperature region in the presence of atmospheric oxygen and sodium oxide of soda ash, which are decomposed through the absorption of heat and the evaporation of moisture during the dehydration of hydrated minerals of iron and manganese and the dehydration of the soda–ilmenite batch. Tests conducted during pilot metallurgical production at the Institute of Metallurgy and Enrichment (PMP of JSC) confirmed the feasibility of processing high-chromium and siliceous rutile leucoxene ilmenite concentrates, which are unsuitable for traditional pyro- and hydro-metallurgical enrichment methods, through single-stage oxidation soda roasting, followed by the leaching of easily soluble sodium salts of iron and associated impurities with water and a dilute hydrochloric acid solution. The proposed energy-saving method ensures the production of high-purity (>98%) synthetic rutile while eliminating the formation of strong deposits on the lining of roasting units.

Two step synthesis of g-C3N4@GO composites with enhanced photoluminescence response

Tuning the optical properties of graphene oxide (GO) by making composites with 2D materials has attracted considerable interest for various applications. Here, the g-C3N4@GO composite is synthesised by a two-step modified Hummer’s method with 3 wt% and 7 wt% g-C3N4. Structural and chemical properties of GO and with g-C3N4 are investigated by x-ray diffraction (XRD) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), respectively, while scanning electron microscopy reveals a flake-like structure in g-C3N4@GO composites. Raman analysis gives an increase in ID/IG ratio from 3.1 to 3.2 due to the formation of defects for 3 wt% g-C3N4 but reduced to 2.9 with 7 wt% g-C3N4. Optical bandgap of GO (∼3.35 eV) is reduced to ∼3.30 eV (3 wt% g-C3N4) and ∼3.25 eV (7 wt% g-C3N4) with respective defect edges at ∼2.53 eV, 2.52 eV and 2.50 eV, in good agreement with the photoluminescence (PL) results. The appearance of a broad XRD peak at ∼23.2° signifies the formation of rGO by reducing GO with g-C3N4, where the existence of HO–C=O in XPS analysis reveals the formation of defects. This is found to be associated with a chemical reaction at the g-C3N4/GO interfaces and thus makes this system promising with increased PL intensity.

Tuning Optical and Electrical Properties of Vanadium Oxide with Topochemical Reduction and Substitutional Tin

Tuning Optical and Electrical Properties of Vanadium Oxide with Topochemical Reduction and Substitutional Tin

Controlling the rheology of cellulose dissolved in 4–methylmorpholine N–oxide and tensile properties of precipitated cellulose films via mixture design

AbstractProperties which control the mechanical performance of regenerated or precipitated cellulose films are currently not well-known and a mechanistic understanding of the underlying phenomena should be established. Solution rheology is a crucial property for casting films and spinning fibres in terms of process runnability, and it can have a considerable effect on the mechanical properties of the prepared cellulose products. We hypothesized that the viscosity of cellulose dissolved in 4-methylmorpholine N-oxide (NMMO) and the mechanical properties of precipitated cellulose films could potentially be improved by controlling the molecular weight distribution of cellulose pulp, taking inspiration from traditional plastic industry. We evaluated the effects of pulp blends on the viscoelastic properties of dissolved cellulose-NMMO dopes and used the dopes to prepare cellulose films and determined their mechanical properties. Lastly, we employed the determined dope and film characteristics to build linear regression models for predicting dope rheology and mechanical performance of films. Mixture films with 2:1 and 1:2 ratios of pulps with both medium and high degree of polymerization showed in average 36% and 46% higher toughness than their unimodal versions. The model results demonstrated that film performance could be tailored by changing the pulp composition. These findings play an important role in optimizing the future processability of dissolved cellulose dopes for producing bio-based cellulose materials and could bring us a step closer to traditional plastic polymer disciplines by tailoring their performance based on pulp properties. Graphic abstract

Optimization of cubic SrZrO3 perovskite oxides under varying stress conditions for high-performance optoelectronic devices: a DFT study

PurposeThe study highlights our findings, including the confirmation of phase stability through XRD analysis, the characterization of optical properties revealing high absorption and conductivity and the analysis of mechanical stability through elastic constants. Additionally, we present detailed results on the band gap, EELS analysis and the suitability of SrZrO3 perovskite oxides for next-generation optoelectronic devices.Design/methodology/approachCubic SrZrO3 perovskite oxides were designed within the framework of density functional theory (DFT) via the CASTEP code under varying stress conditions (0–100 GPa), aiming to explore the key properties for diverse applications. The phase stability was confirmed by XRD analysis. From 0 to 40 GPa, there is an increase in the band gap from 3.330 to 3.615 eV, while it narrows from 3.493 to 3.155 eV beyond 60 GPa. The optical characteristics revealed high absorption, superior conductivity and a lower loss function. Significantly, the elastic constants (C11, C12 and C44) satisfy the Born-stability criterion, ensuring the mechanical stability of the compound. Additionally, the Poisson’s ratio, Pugh ratio (B/G), Frantsevich ratio, Cauchy pressure (PC) and anisotropy factor ensured both ductile and anisotropic characteristics. Higher values of Young’s modulus and shear modulus signify a superior ability to withstand longitudinal stresses. In the EELS analysis, distinctive energy-loss peaks resulting from absorption and emission correlated with diverse electronic transitions and energy levels associated with Sr, Zr and O atoms are used to probe the precise exploration of the electronic and optical characteristics of materials with a high degree of accuracy. Based on these findings, the designed SrZrO3 perovskite oxides are particularly suitable for applications in various optoelectronic devices.FindingsCASTEP codes were utilized to design the cubic SrZrO3 perovskite under varying stress conditions ranging from 0 to 100 GPa. The phase stability was confirmed through XRD analysis. A distinctive trend in the band gap was observed: an increase from 3.330 eV to 3.615 eV as the stress increased from 0 to 40 GPa and a decrease from 3.493 to 3.155 above 60 GPa. A higher absorption and conductivity and a lower loss function were found for the optical properties. The mechanical stability was ensured by elastic constants (C11, C12, and C44) satisfying the Born-stability criteria. Additionally, the Poisson’s ratio, Pugh’s ratio (B/G), Frantsevich ratio, Cauchy pressure (PC) and anisotropy factor were used to verify the ductility and anisotropy of the materials. Higher values of Young’s modulus and shear modulus indicate a superior ability to withstand longitudinal stresses. EELS analysis revealed distinctive energy-loss peaks associated with Sr, Zr and O atoms, enabling precise exploration of the electronic and optical characteristics with a high degree of accuracy. As expected, the designed SrZrO3 perovskite oxides exhibit favorable properties, making them particularly suitable for next-generation optoelectronic devices.Originality/valueIn this study, we utilized DFT within the CASTEP code framework to investigate the properties of cubic SrZrO3 perovskite oxides under varying stress conditions ranging from 0 to 100 GPa. Our research aimed to explore the key properties of SrZrO3 for diverse applications, particularly in optoelectronic devices.

Synthesis of metal nanoparticles on graphene oxide and antibacterial properties.

Pathogen-induced infections and the rise of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, such as Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), pose significant global health challenges, emphasizing the need for new antimicrobial strategies. In this study, we synthesized graphene oxide (GO)-based composites functionalized with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) as potential alternatives to traditional antibiotics. The objective is to assess the antibacterial properties of these composites and explore their efficacy against E. coli and S. aureus, two common bacterial pathogens. The composites are prepared using eco-friendly and conventional methods to ensure effective nanoparticle attachment to the GO surface. Structural and morphological characteristics are confirmed through SEM, AFM, EDS, XRD, UV-vis, FTIR, and Raman spectroscopy. The antibacterial efficacy of the composites is tested through disk diffusion assays, colony-forming unit (CFU) counts, and turbidimetry analysis, with an emphasis on understanding the effects of different nanoparticle concentrations. The results demonstrated a dose-dependent antibacterial effect, with GO/AgNP-1 showing superior antibacterial activity over GO/AgNP-2, particularly at lower concentrations (32.0μg/mL and 62.5μg/mL). The GO/CuNP composite also exhibited significant antibacterial properties, with optimal performance at 62.5μg/mL for both bacterial strains. Turbidimetry analysis confirmed the inhibition of bacterial growth, especially at moderate concentrations, although slight nanoparticle aggregation at higher doses reduced efficacy. Lastly, both GO/AgNP and GO/CuNP composites demonstrated significant antibacterial potential. The results emphasize the need to fine-tune nanoparticle concentration and refine synthesis techniques to improve their efficacy, positioning these composites as strong contenders for antimicrobial use.

Role of oxidative stress in impaired type II diabetic bone repair: scope for antioxidant therapy intervention?

Impaired bone healing is a significant complication observed in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), leading to prolonged recovery, increased risk of complications, impaired quality of life, and increased risk of patient morbidity. Oxidative stress, resulting from an imbalance between the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cellular/tissue antioxidant defence mechanisms, has been identified as a critical contributor to the pathogenesis of impaired bone healing in T2DM. Antioxidants have shown promise in mitigating oxidative stress and promoting bone repair, particularly non-enzymic antioxidant entities. This comprehensive narrative review aims to explore the underlying mechanisms and intricate relationship between oxidative stress, impaired bone healing and T2DM, with a specific focus on the current preclinical and clinical evidence advocating the potential of antioxidant therapeutic interventions in improving bone healing outcomes in individuals with T2DM. From the ever-emerging evidence available, it is apparent that exogenously supplemented antioxidants, especially non-enzymic antioxidants, can ameliorate the detrimental effects of oxidative stress, inflammation, and impaired cellular function on bone healing processes during uncontrolled hyperglycaemia; and therefore, hold considerable promise as novel efficacious therapeutic entities. However, despite such conclusions, several important gaps in our knowledge remain to be addressed, including studies involving more sophisticated enzymic antioxidant-based delivery systems, further mechanistic studies into how these antioxidants exert their desirable reparative effects; and more extensive clinical trial studies into the optimisation of antioxidant therapy dosing, frequency, duration and their subsequent biodistribution and bioavailability. By enhancing our understanding of such crucial issues, we can fully exploit the oxidative stress-neutralising properties of these antioxidants to develop effective antioxidant interventions to mitigate impaired bone healing and reduce the associated complications in such T2DM patient populations.

Cold Exposure Therapy Sensitizes Nanodrug-Mediated Radioimmunotherapy of Breast Cancer.

Cold exposure (CE) therapy can quickly induce tumor starvation by brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis. Exploring the combined antitumor mechanism of CE and traditional therapies (such as radiotherapy (RT)) is exciting and promising. In this study, we investigated the effect of CE in combination with nitric oxide (NO) gas therapy on sensitizing tumors to RT and promoting tumor radio-immunotherapy. We first constructed a liposome (SL) loaded with the NO prodrug S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP). When SL is injected, the glutathione (GSH) within the tumor region promotes the release of NO from SNAP. Subsequently, the superoxide anion produced by RT reacts with NO to generate peroxynitrite (ONOO-), which has strong oxidative properties and induces cell death. Meanwhile, the mice were exposed to a CE environment of 4 °C. CE-mediated BAT thermogenesis induced tumor starvation, which led to a decrease in ATP and GSH content within the tumor as well as an improvement in the hypoxic microenvironment and a decrease in myeloid-derived suppressor cells. All of the above have promoted the effectiveness of RT and activated the systemic antitumor immunity. In the bilateral tumor experiment, treatment of the primary tumor inhibited the growth of the distant tumor and promoted the infiltration of CD8+ T cells into the tumor. These findings reveal that the synergy of CE, NO gas therapy, and RT could confer high effective anticancer effects, providing possibilities in personalized cancer treatment.

On the Surface Property–Oxidation Relationship in Refractory High‐Entropy Alloys

In this study, oxidation behavior in as‐cast polycrystalline HfNbTaTi3, HfNbTaTiZr, HfMoTaTiZr, and NbMoTaTiZr refractory high‐entropy alloys (RHEAs), and the amorphous form of NbMoTaTiZr RHEA, is investigated. Herein, the surfaces of samples undergoing static oxidation experiments at 700, 800, and 900 °C using scanning electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐Ray spectroscopy, X‐Ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and X‐Ray diffraction are explored. In the corresponding findings, the presence of three different oxidation behaviors in the studied RHEAs is shown: formation of a non‐protective scale, powderization and pesting of the sample, and a distinct amorphous oxidation behavior compared to its polycrystalline counterpart. Notably, Nb appears to induce a detrimental effect on the oxidation properties of samples due to the high ratio of volume change between the oxide and the metal. In the current findings, it is also evidenced that Mo can cause catastrophic failure in RHEAs that lack a protective oxide layer. Overall, the results constitute a step forward in enhancing the understanding of oxidation behavior in RHEAs and developing novel oxidation‐resistant RHEAs.

Investigation of surface structuring and oxidation performance of Inconel 718 superalloy by laser remelting with different patterns

The current paper deals with the effect of CO2 laser remelting on the surface structuring and oxidation performance of Inconel 718 superalloy, pointing out different laser-induced surface patterns that make a difference in their oxidation properties vital for high-temperature applications. Surface roughness, microstructure, and oxidation behavior characterization were performed using 3D optical profilometry, SEM, and XRD techniques. The oxidation tests conducted at 1000 °C for 24 h have revealed that remelted surfaces offered better oxidation resistance compared to untreated samples. Notably, the patterned sample showed the lowest weight gain under oxidation, and a parabolic regime in oxidation occurred after 100 min; while in an untreated reference sample, this appears only after 200 min. This improvement in performance results from the formation of a chromium-rich oxide layer on the melt pools, which acts as an effective barrier against further oxidation. The findings show that laser remelting, especially with grid-like surface patterns, results in an improvement in both durability and high-temperature performance of Inconel 718; therefore, it is apparently a very promising technique for lifespan extension of industrially relevant materials.

Heavy Metal Removal from Water Using Graphene Oxide in Magnetic-Assisted Adsorption Systems: Characterization, Adsorption Properties, and Modelling

This study investigated the adsorption properties of graphene oxide in a magnetic-assisted adsorber for the depollution of water containing heavy metals. Two samples of graphene oxide with different surface chemistry were synthetized and assessed using the magnetic-assisted adsorption systems. One graphene oxide sample exhibited a dual magnetic behavior presenting both diamagnetic and ferromagnetic phases, while the other graphene oxide was diamagnetic. The adsorption properties of these graphene oxide samples for removing Pb2+ and Cu2+ were tested and compared with and without a magnetic field exposure. The results showed that the Pb2+ removal increased using both graphene oxide samples in the magnetic-assisted configuration, while Cu2+ adsorption was less sensitive to the application of the magnetic field. A monolayer model was used to simulate all the heavy metal adsorption isotherms quantified experimentally. It was concluded that the adsorption mechanism designed to remove Pb2+ and Cu2+ using tested graphene oxide samples was mainly multi-ionic where two metallic cations could interact with one active site (i.e., oxygenated functional groups) from the adsorbent surface. The oxygenated surface functionalities of graphene oxide samples played a relevant role in determining the impact of magnetic field exposure on the heavy metal removal efficacy. Magnetic-assisted adsorption using graphene oxide is an interesting alternative to reduce the concentration of Pb2+ in polluted effluents, and it can also be applied to improve the performance of adsorbents with a limited concentration of oxygenated functional groups, which usually show poor removal of challenging water pollutants such as toxic heavy metals.

Construction of Multiphase Concave Tetrahedral PdInMo Nanocatalyst for Enhanced Alcohol Oxidation

AbstractHeterogeneous palladium‐based catalysts show excellent catalytic properties for electrocatalytic oxidation of alcohols, but the construction of such heterogeneous catalysts is a challenge. Here, a multiphase tetrahedral PdInMo nanocatalyst is prepared by a one‐pot reaction method. And the multiphase tetrahedral PdInMo nanocatalyst consists of a face‐centered cubic structure and an intermetallic structure. Due to the oxygen affinity of indium and molybdenum atoms, the interface defects of internal multiphase structure, and intermetallic structure, the multiphase concave tetrahedral PdInMo nanocatalyst shows enhanced catalytic efficiency in the electrocatalytic oxidation reaction of methanol and ethanol. Compared with commercial Pd/C catalysts, PdIn0.117Mo0.037 nanocatalyst has the best mass activity and specific activity. In electrocatalysis of methanol oxidation, the mass activity (2205.57 mA mgPd−1) and specific activity (6.67 mA cm−2) are 4.81 and 3.40 times than that of a commercial Pd/C nanocatalyst (458.5 mA mgPd−1, 1.96 mA cm−2), respectively. In the electrocatalysis of ethanol oxidation, the mass activity (2668.49 mA mgPd−1) and specific activity (8.11 mA cm−2) are 4.06 and 3.14 times than that of the commercial Pd/C nanocatalyst (655.83 mA mgPd−1, 2.58 mA cm−2), respectively. This study provides a reference for the design of highly efficient palladium catalysts for alcohol oxidation.

Influence of micro-arc oxidation on the microstructure and dielectric properties of anodic aluminum oxide

To improve the dielectric performance of the anodic alumina film used in aluminum electrolytic capacitors, this study comparatively investigated the microstructure and dielectric properties of anodic aluminum oxide obtained through micro-arc oxidation (MAO) and conventional anodic oxidation (CAO). It is found that from the perspective of microstructure, the internal structure of the MAO treated oxide film has more and larger pores than that of CAO. This was attributed to the generation and overflow of numerous oxygen bubbles from within the oxide film at the locations where plasma sparks occurred during the process, thus forming larger pores. Regarding dielectric properties, the leakage current of the oxide film after MAO treatment was significantly reduced compared to CAO, with reductions of 58%, 56%, 64%, and 74% for the tested electrolytes Y1–Y4, respectively.

Ab initio investigation of ZnV2O4, ZnV2S4, and ZnV2Se4 as cathode materials for aqueous zinc-ion batteries

Zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) employing aqueous electrolytes have emerged as one of the most promising alternatives to lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Nonetheless, the development of ZIBs is hindered by the scarcity of cathode materials with suitable electrochemical properties. In this work, we investigate the unique properties of zinc vanadate oxide (ZnV2O4, ZVO) and zinc vanadate sulfide (ZnV2S4, ZVS) compounds as cathode materials, focusing on their crystal structures, electrochemical performance, spectroscopic features and potential applications in ZIBs. Additionally, we investigate a new cathode material, zinc vanadate selenide (ZnV2Se4, ZVSe), constructed by replacing sulfur with selenium in the ZVS cubic structure. Our findings reveal that these compounds exhibit distinct electronic and electrochemical properties, although they have similar magnetic properties due to the fact that vanadium has the same oxidation state in all three compounds. On average, ZVS stands out as the most promising candidate for ZIBs cathodes, followed by ZVO. ZVSe, shows lower electrochemical performance and also has the obvious drawback of being more costly than the sulfur- and oxygen-based compounds. Our theoretical results align closely with available experimental data, both for electrochemical properties as well as x-ray and photoelectron spectroscopy, where a comparison can be made.

Spin dynamics and Phonons of the Chromites CoCr2O4 and MnCr2O4

Abstract Due to the geometric magnetic frustration inherent to their lattice and the resulting complex magnetic states, the spinel compounds are of great interest in both fundamental and application-oriented perspectives. Here, we applied x-ray diffraction, magnetization, heat capacity and powder inelastic neutron scattering measurements, along with theoretical calculations, to study the exotic properties of chromite-spinel oxides, CoCr2O4 and MnCr2O4. The temperature dependence of the phonon spectra provides an insight into the correlation between oxygen motion and the magnetic order, as well as the magnetoelectric effect in the ground state of MnCr2O4. Moreover, spinwave excitations in CoCr2O4 and MnCr2O4 are compared with Heisenberg model calculations. This approach enables the precise determination of exchange energies and offers a comprehensive understanding of the spin dynamics and relevant exchange interactions in complicated spiral spin ordering.

Association of dietary inflammatory index and dietary oxidative balance score with gastrointestinal cancers in NHANES 2005–2018

Background&AimsGastrointestinal (GI) cancers, including gastric, liver, esophageal, pancreatic, and colorectal cancers, represent significant global health burdens. Emerging evidence suggests that dietary patterns, particularly their inflammatory and oxidative properties, may influence cancer risk. The Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) and Dietary Oxidative Balance Score (DOBS) assess the inflammatory and oxidative effects of diets, respectively. This study aims to explore the association between DII, DOBS, and the combined risk of GI cancers, and investigates the potential mediating roles of serum albumin and red cell distribution width (RDW).MethodsData from 26,320 participants in the NHANES 2005–2018 cycles were analyzed. DII was calculated based on 28 dietary components, and DOBS included 17 nutrients (3 pro-oxidants and 14 antioxidants). Logistic regression models assessed the associations between DII, DOBS, and GI cancers. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) models examined dose-response relationships. Mediation analysis evaluated the roles of serum albumin and RDW. Subgroup analyses explored interactions with demographic and health-related factors.ResultsHigher DII was associated with increased GI cancer risk (OR: 1.26, 95% CI: 1.07–1.49 per unit increase), while higher DOBS was associated with reduced risk (OR: 0.90, 95% CI: 0.76–0.99 per unit increase). RCS analysis indicated a significant nonlinear relationship between DII and GI cancer risk. Serum albumin and RDW partially mediated the associations between DII, DOBS, and GI cancers. Subgroup analyses showed stronger associations for DII among certain demographics, and significant interactions were found between DII and BMI. For DOBS, significant interactions were observed with age and BMI.ConclusionThis study reveals significant associations between dietary inflammatory and oxidative balance scores and GI cancer risk. Higher DII is linked to increased risk, while higher DOBS is protective. The mediating roles of serum albumin and RDW provide insights into underlying mechanisms. These findings underscore the potential of dietary modifications in GI cancer prevention and management, emphasizing the importance of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant-rich diets.

A Comparative Study About Physical Properties of Copper Oxide and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Fagus orientalis L. as Bioindicator

A Comparative Study About Physical Properties of Copper Oxide and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Fagus orientalis L. as Bioindicator

New strategy for photocatalytic antibacterial concrete: in situ fluoride-modified negatively charged interfaces

Sponge cities embody a green and sustainable urban development approach, with permeable concrete structures crucial for collecting natural precipitation. Over time, however, microbes from rainwater can adhere to and proliferate on these concrete surfaces, potentially accelerating material corrosion and posing health risks. To combat this, our study introduces a straightforward and effective antimicrobial surface strategy. We applied a fluorine-modified titanium dioxide photocatalyst coating to permeable foam concrete surfaces. The fluorine regulation enhances electron transfer to the titanium dioxide, creating a negatively charged interface. This charge repels negatively charged microbes electrostatically and curbs microbial growth through the oxidative properties of photogenerated radicals. Tested under 50 mW/cm2 of simulated sunlight, the bacterial count at the negatively charged interface was just 35.7% of that at a positively charged interface, with the coating retaining about 90% of its antibacterial efficacy even in highly contaminated conditions. This research offers a cost-effective and efficient method for developing antimicrobial coatings for building materials.