Properties Of Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles Research Articles

Impact of Heat Treatment on the Structural, Optical, Magnetic and Photocatalytic Properties of Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles.

The precursor nanoparticles of nickel hydroxide (Ni(OH)2) and nickel oxide (NiO) were successfully converted into the latter by the reaction of nickel chloride with hydrazine at ambient temperature. (TGA) and (DSC) were adapted for annealing the precursor products at different annealing temperatures (210, 285, 350, 390, 425, and 450 °C). XRD, TEM, and UV-VIS absorption spectroscopy were used to characterize the products. Both the band edge and energy gap values decrease with increasing annealing temperatures. Hysteresis loops are visible in the M-H curves of annealed (350 °C and 390 °C) precursor NiO NPs, indicating the presence of ferromagnetic Ni domains. However, NiO nanoparticles annealed at higher temperatures (425 °C and 450 °C) had a straight M-H curve, indicating paramagnetic properties. NiO NPs were used to study photocatalysis in the degradation of the MB dye. As annealing temperatures increased, the catalyst caused the degradation of MB. The sample that was annealed at 450 °C, however, exhibits the maximum photocatalytic activity, reaching up to 72.4% after being exposed to visible light. In other words, it was discovered that as the catalyst's annealing temperature rose, so did the rate of MB's photocatalytic degradation.

The Effect of Double Doping with Copper and Tin on the Structural and Optical Properties of Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles Prepared by Sol-Gel Method

The Effect of Double Doping with Copper and Tin on the Structural and Optical Properties of Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles Prepared by Sol-Gel Method

Effect of precursor concentration on structural and optical properties of nickel oxide nanoparticles synthesized by facile sol-gel method

We report a simple, fast and efficient sol-gel technique to synthesize nickel oxide (NiO) nanoparticles of variable sizes. For this, three different precursor concentrations, viz. 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 M were used. All the samples were maintained at a pH of 8 and calcined at 500 °C for 4 h. Our study shows the formation of well-crystalline, spherical, single-phase, pure NiO nanoparticles. The size of the nanoparticles increases with the concentration of the precursor solution. All nanoparticles show absorption peaks at the wavelength of ∼358 nm, which lie in the UV region and a near band edge emission peak at ∼390 nm.

Comparison of nickel oxide nano and microparticles toxicity in rat liver: molecular, biochemical, and histopathological study.

The unique properties of nickel oxide nanoparticles distinguish it from classical nickel compounds, increasing its use in agriculture, industry, and many industrial areas. The aim of this study is to investigate the possible toxicity of nickel oxide and nickel oxide nanoparticles in the liver. For this purpose, Wistar rats were given nickel oxide and nickel oxide nanoparticles orally, intraperitoneally, and intravenously for 21days. Liver organ weight, biochemical and hematological parameters, oxidative stress (malondialdehyde, catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione S transferase), acetylcholinesterase activities, inflammation levels, apoptotic markers, and histopathological changes were evaluated comparatively. When the data obtained were examined in general, it was observed that nickel oxide nanoparticles caused more hepatotoxicity in liver tissue than nickel oxide in terms of oxidative stress parameters, apoptotic markers, inflammation indicators, and other parameters examined. The results suggest that toxicity induced by both nickel oxide and nickel oxide nanoparticles plays an important role in hepatocyte apoptosis.

Investigating the Structural and Magnetic Properties of Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles Prepared by Precipitation Method

This work used the deposition method to synthesize nickel oxide nanoparticles. The materials mainly used in this study were nickel sulfate hexahydrate (as a precursor) and NaOH (as a precipitant). The properties of the nanopowder were characterized by XRD, FE-SEM, EDX, and VSM. The obtained results confirmed the presence of nickel oxide nanoparticles with a face-centered cubic (FCC) structure with a lattice constant (a=4.17834 Å). Scherer and Williamson-Hall equations were used to calculate the crystallite size of about (30.5-35.5) nm. The FE-SEM images showed that the particle shape had a ball-like appearance with a uniform and homogeneous distribution and confirmed that the particles were within the nanoscale. The presence of oxygen and nickel atoms was confirmed by the EDX test. The magnetic properties results showed that nanoNiO had a narrow hysteretic loop. It consumed the least amount of energy and, therefore, can be used as a core for electric motors and transformers.

Thermal-Induced Effects on the Structural and Photocatalytic Properties of Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles for Indigo Carmine Dye Removal

Nickel oxide (NiO) nanoparticles were formed using the chemical precipitation method. The effect of the calcination process on the structural parameters, optical bandgap, and photocatalytic performance was investigated. The structural characteristics were carried out using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The XRD analysis reveals that the formed NiO crystallized in an fcc crystal structure and the calcination process influences the crystallite size, microstrain, dislocation density, and average surface area. For example, the smallest and largest particle sizes (19.13 nm and 27.63 nm) were achieved for the samples prepared at 800 °C for 4 h and 900 °C for 2 h, respectively. Based on the diffuse reflectance spectroscopy analysis, the energy bandgap has the lowest values (3.33 eV) for the prepared NiO that calcinated at 800 °C for 2 h compared with other samples. The formation of a Ni–O stretching vibration mode is revealed by FTIR, and the broadness of the absorption band confirms that the NiO samples are nanocrystals. The morphology of the prepared NiO reveals the formation of spherical nanoparticles for NiO calcinated at 700 °C, while dodecahedron-like shapes were observed for NiO calcinated at 800 and 900 °C. The photocatalytic performance of NiO nanoparticles as catalysts for the degradation of indigo carmine dye was investigated under ultraviolet–visible irradiation up to 3 h. The best degradation efficiency was found to be 76% for NiO calcinated at 800 °C for 4 h, which belonged to the smallest crystallite size of 19.13 nm, and the highest surface area of 47.02 m2 g−1. The superior and excellent performance of this sample compared to other samples was confirmed by achieving the highest reaction rate constant (4.51 × 10−3 min−1). The proposed photodegradation mechanism shows the importance of increasing the time required for the recombination process between the positive holes and the excited electrons, which is the best possible when using the optimum photocatalyst sample that was prepared at 800 °C for 4 h.

Structural and thermal properties of nickel oxide nanoparticles doped cadmium zinc borate glasses: preparation and characterization

Nickel-doped cadmium zinc borate glass of various nickel oxide content was prepared as xNiO–20ZnO–60B2 O3 –(20-x) CdO (0≤x≤5 mol %), by the melt quenching method based on nano metal oxides. Both the zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and cadmium oxide nanoparticles (CdO NPs) were prepared via the solution–combustion technique. Nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiO NPs) was synthesized by the combustion of Ni(OH)2 and boron oxide nanoparticles (B2 O3 NPs)was synthesized by the solid-state reaction method. The amorphous nature of these types of glass was confirmed using X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). The morphology of nano-metal oxides was investigated via the scanning electron microscope (SEM). SEM imaging showed that the NiO NPs had a semi-spherical morphology, and that their average particle size was 22.17 nm. The Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy’s (FTIR) spectral analysis was used to identify the structural units of these types of glass via deconvolution, in terms of multi-Gaussian fitting. Results proved that Ni 4+ plays an important role and a key to improve the formation of the BO4 network units. Finally, the high thermal stability and glass transition temperature of the prepared glass samples were increased by increasing the loading of NiO NPs from 0.0 mol % - 5.0 7k = mol % and this was established by using DTA.

Influence of Various Concentrations of Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide on the Properties of Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles for Supercapacitor Application

In this paper, the impact of the crystallite sizes of nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiO NPs) on their efficiency for electrochemical capacitors (EC) has been investigated. NiO NPs were prepared without and with low and high concentrations (0.02[Formula: see text]M and 0.1[Formula: see text]M) of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) using the hydrothermal process that represent NiO, NiO-1, NiO-2, respectively. The crystallite size of NiO, NiO-1, NiO-2 NPs was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) analysis. The thermogravimetry/differential thermal analysis (TG/DTA) was used to investigate the thermal observation of as-prepared precursor to transform as NiO NPs. HRTEM revealed spherical seed-like morphologies, which consist of aggregated NiO-1 NPs with an average particle size of 9[Formula: see text]nm. The NiO-1 shows the large specific capacitance value of 168[Formula: see text]Fg[Formula: see text] at a current density of 0.5[Formula: see text]Ag[Formula: see text] compared with other NiO and NiO-2 NPs. The study suggests that the low concentration of surfactant CTAB of NiO NPs plays an important role in supercapacitor applications because of the smaller crystallite sizes of the materials as well as a large number of active sites for faradic reaction.

Significant and systematic impact of yttrium doping on physical properties of nickel oxide nanoparticles for optoelectronics applications

The structural, optical, and dielectric properties of pure NiO and yttrium (Y) doped NiO (Y: NiO) were studied in the present article for optoelectronic application. The pristine and different concentrations of 1.0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10 wt.% doped Y: NiO nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized by flash combustion route. X-ray diffraction patterns (XRD), Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images were used to study the structural properties of as-prepared nanoparticles. The average crystallite sizes (29.8–6.7 nm) and grains size (159.2–17.9 nm) were found to be decreased with an increase in Y contents. The dislocation density (1.12–21.75 × 10−3 1/nm2), lattice strain (2.79–12.46 × 10−3) and surface area (29.48–131.13 cm2/g) were increased on increasing Y contents. Direct optical band gaps of prepared samples were estimated using the Tauc's relation in the range of 3.52–3.37 eV. Photoluminescent spectra of prepared samples exhibit spectra at 355 nm, 451–482 nm, and 493 nm emission bands, which confirm the existence of oxygen and nickel vacancies. The improvement in the dielectric constant (143), dielectric loss (1233), and loss tangent (8.67) were observed for 5.0 wt.% Y doped NiO from the dielectric analysis of the samples. The electrical conductivities of Y: NiO NPs were also improved compared to pure NiO NPs. The improvement in the optical and dielectric properties of NiO in the substitution of yttrium (Y) can be used for optoelectronics applications.

Green synthesis of nickel oxide nanoparticles using Salvia hispanica L. (chia) seeds extract and studies of their photocatalytic activity and cytotoxicity effects

The physical and chemical properties of Nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiO-NPs) have attracted the attention of many and in this regard, this study was performed to produce NiO-NPs by the means of Salvia hispanica L. (chia) seeds extract as the capping agent. Physical and morphological features of the obtained NiO-NPs were examined through the application of TGA, FTIR, UV-Vis, XRD, FESEM/EDAX/PSA, and VSM procedures. According to the FESEM/PSA images, the biosynthesized NiO-NPs contained a spherical shape and a size of about 30nm, while the results of the EDAX study approved the existence of oxygen and nickel elements in the structure of this product. Furthermore, certain corresponding peaks to the crystal structure of NiO-NPs were observed throughout the XRD pattern. Next to the superparamagnetic behavior that was detected in the results of VSM analysis, the cytotoxicity effect of NiO-NPs was not reported to be dependent on concentration. Considering the high photocatalytic capacity along with the low cytotoxic effects of NiO-NPs, we can suggest the applicability of this product for various applications such as disease control and removal of residual toxins.

THE SYNTHESIS METHODS OF NICKEL OXIDE NANOSTRUCTURES - A BRIEF REVIEW

Supercapacitors, Li-ion batteries, gas sensors, and electrochromic devices are expected to play a major role in the development of sustainable technologies. Recent progress has demonstrated that nanostructured nickel oxides are very promising candidates for efficient energy conversion and storage systems. Recently, there is a growing interest in nickel oxide nanoparticles due to their unique physical and chemical properties. In this work, the synthesis of nickel oxide nanoparticles is primarily categorized with the preparation method. This review also provides a comparative overview of the influence of technological conditions on the properties of nickel oxide nanoparticles.

Defect level dependent visible emission of nickel oxide nanoparticles through controlled calcination temperature

The defect level dependent structural and optical properties of nickel oxide nanoparticles synthesized by chemical precipitation method have been investigated. The Nickel oxide nanoparticles were obtained by calcinating theophrastite β nickel hydroxide nanoparticles at different temperatures. Thermogravimetric analysis was performed to study the thermal stability of the synthesized precursor up to 680 °C. The defect level, contributed by the OH bonds of the nickel hydroxide, has been varied by controlling the calcination temperature of the samples and subsequent variation in emission has been observed. The defect emission is tunable from 2.77 eV to 2.93 eV and can be used as a violet light source in optoelectronic display devices. The obtained results have been established with structural, elemental and FTIR analysis.

Preparation of Novel Nickel Oxide@ Glutamic/Thiosemicarbazide Nanoparticles: Implications for Cytotoxic and Anti-cancer Studies in MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells

The present study, evaluate the anti-cancer properties of nickel oxide nanoparticles functionalized by glutamic acid and conjugated with thiosemicarbazide (NiO@Glu/TSC). First, the NiO@Glu/TSC nanoparticles were prepared using co-condensation reaction. Different techniques were achieved for confirming the synthesized nanoparticles such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), DLS (dynamic light scattering) and ZP (zeta potential) analysis. Interestingly, the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results indicated that the structure and size of NiO@Glu/TSC nanoparticles were spherical ranging from 20 to 80 nm. NiO@Glu/TSC nanoparticles revealed significant growth inhibition of MCF-7 (human breast cancer) cells with IC50 values of 298.33 μg/mL, while no significant toxicity was evaluated in HEK293 (normal human embryonic kidney) cells after using in vitro toxicity method. Compared with HEK293 cells, MCF-7 cells elucidated a higher sensitivity to NiO@Glu/TSC nanoparticles. To determine the induction of apoptosis or necrosis, cells were double stained with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-Annexin V and Propidium Iodide (PI) and assessed by flow cytometry. Moreover, to elucidate the nuclear change through apoptosis, Hoechst 33258 staining was examined to investigate morphological features in the nuclei of MCF-7 cells. The results firmly suggest that NiO@Glu/TSC nanoparticles can be as a potential therapeutic agent for cancer treatment.

Structural, electrical and humidity sensing properties of nano-structured nickel oxide prepared by sol–gel method

In this paper, we have presented the synthesis of nickel oxide (NiO) nanoparticles using sol–gel method and measured its structural, electrical and humidity sensing properties using different measurement tools after annealing at three different temperatures of 200 °C, 400 °C and 700 °C for 1 h in air. Structural and morphological properties of nickel oxide nanoparticles were measured by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), respectively. XRD analysis shows the crystallographic nature of prepared NiO nanoparticles. The result shows that the average crystallite size increases with increase in annealing temperature which reveals a fine nanocrystalline grain structure. The Williamson–Hall and size-strain plots were used to study the individual contribution of crystallite size and strain on the peak broadening of NiO nanoparticles. The parameters including stress and strain were also calculated from the XRD corresponding to the cubic phase of NiO. The FESEM images confirm the mesoporous surface morphology of a nickel oxide with an increase in particle size on increasing annealing temperature. The effect of annealing on the activation energy of the pellets is also discussed in the paper. Samples in the form of pellets were exposed to humidity in the range from 10 to 90% relative humidity (RH). NiO sample annealed at 700 °C has demonstrated the highest sensing response of 47.09% at 90% RH.

Influence of transverse magnetic field on the properties of laser ablation produced nickel oxide nanoparticles

Influence of transverse magnetic field on the nickel produced plasma plume and structural and optical properties of nickel oxide nanoparticles produced by pulsed laser ablation (PLA) method have been investigated experimentally. Ablation container was placed between the poles of permanent magnets. Strength of external magnetic field was controlled by the distance between magnets. The direction of the magnetic field was perpendicular to the direction of laser pulse propagation. 5 samples were synthesized in the presence of magnetic fields with different strengths in distilled water. Ablation was carried out by 1064 nm wavelength beam of pulsed Nd:YAG laser of 7 ns pulse width. Effects of external magnetic field on the properties of nickel oxide nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction patterns, field emission scanning electron microscope images, transmission electron microscope microimages, UV–Vis-NIR absorption spectra, dynamic light scattering patterns, FTIR and photoluminescence spectra. Furthermore, magnetic properties of synthesized nanoparticles were studied using their hysteresis curve which were recorded by vibrating sample magnetometer. Results show that with increasing the strength of external magnetic field, the intensity of XRD peaks of synthesized nanoparticles was increased while their size was decreased. Applying the external magnetic field caused the cyclotron motion of the charged particles in the plasma plume on the surface of target which increased their energy, and decreased their agglomeration.

Synthesizing and deposition of nickel oxide nanoparticles on glass mat using sol–gel method (morphological and magnetic properties)

This research aimed to study the structure and magnetic properties of nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiO) synthesized with various precursors in acidic and basic media deposited on glass mat. These nanoparticles were synthesized by sol–gel method using two different precursors such as nickel nitrate hexahydrate and nickel chloride hexahydrate at optimal temperature with the same concentrations. Deposition on glass mat was done during the synthesis process. According to X-ray diffraction pattern of synthesized nickel oxide nanopowders, it can be seen that the structure of samples is simple cubic with high crystallinity whose sizes were calculated applying Debye–Scherrer equation and it has shown that Nickel nitrate hexahydrate sample in basic medium has the smallest crystallite size (23 nm). The results of energy dispersive X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the amount of nickel elements in the nickel nitrate hexahydrate sample in basic medium was more than that in other samples. Scanning electron microscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy used for morphological study of nickel oxide nanoparticles indicated that NiO nanoparticles were spherical in shape and the sizes of nanoparticles ranged from 52 to 54 nm. Additionally, the images showed that the nanoparticles in each sample arranged in a specific pattern on glass mat fibers. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used for the investigation of the chemical structure of the fabrics. Vibrating-sample magnetometer analysis has revealed that the obtained samples had ferromagnetic properties and only nickel nitrate sample in acidic medium reached saturation. Also, it can be seen that the magnetic properties of powder form of these nanoparticles are more powerful as compare with produced magnetic glass mat.

Influence of finite size and surface effects on the structural, electrical and magnetic properties of nanostructured nickel oxide

A detailed study on the influence of crystallite size variation on the structural, electrical and magnetic properties of nickel oxide nanoparticles is reported here. The characterization techniques reveal the structural modification of the samples which resulted from the variation in crystallite size. The grain boundaries and triple junctions in the interfacial regions play a pivotal role in deciding the transport properties of nanocrystalline NiO. The dielectric measurements confirm high value of dielectric constant for NiO nanoparticles at low frequency, which can be used for the fabrication of gate dielectric in metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors. The superparamagnetic behaviour of samples with a size ~ 8 nm points out the significance of surface atoms and uncompensated surface spins. The results highlight the role of finite size and surface effects in determining the properties of nanostructured nickel oxide.

Structural and optical properties of nickel oxide nanoparticles: Investigation of antimicrobial applications

The green synthesis of nickel oxide nanoparticles were prepared by microwave combustion method. The prepared NiO material was annealed at 200°C & 700°C. The XRD pattern confirms the very good crystallinity of the material and the average crystallite size was found to be 20 nm and 30 nm respectively for both NiO samples. However, the morphology of samples were studied using SEM analysis and shows spherical shape with agglomeration matrix. In particular, the SEM images of prepared NiO nanoparticles were dried at 200 °C and annealed at 700 °C which gives the average particle size of 19 nm and 30 nm. Moreover, FTIR study was carried out to identify the functional group present in prepared samples extensively. In that view, the UV–vis absorption spectra of bandgap values are calculated. Likewise, EDX pattern were shown the composition element present in the compound. The antibacterial study reveals that both the samples shows good antibacterial activity on both gram positive and gram-negative bacteria's. Hence, this green synthesized NiO material can be used for antibacterial applications.

Influence of Iron Doping on Structural and Optical Properties of Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles

Influence of Iron Doping on Structural and Optical Properties of Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles

Pseudocapacitive properties of nickel oxide nanoparticles synthesized via ultrasonication approach

Here, nickel oxide (NiO) nanoparticles are prepared via an ultrasonication approach and tested for the pseudocapacitance performance. The crystalline structures, functional groups, and morphology of NiO nanoparticles are investigated using various experimental tools such as XRD, FT-IR, FESEM, and HRTEM respectively. Cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge-discharge cycling test, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopic (EIS) measurements were utilized to determine the pseudocapacitive properties of the NiO nanoparticles. Noticed high specific capacitance (423 F g−1) at 0.5 mA cm−2 current density and in addition achieved good capacitance retention (93%) even after continuous 2000 cycles illustrate excellent electrochemical stability of sonochemically prepared NiO nanoparticles compared to other preparation procedures.