Properties Of Hybrid Polymer Composites Research Articles

Engineering properties of hybrid polymer composites produced with different unsaturated polyesters and hybrid epoxy

In this study, the mechanical properties of hybrid polymer composites produced with different unsaturated polyesters and hybrid epoxy resins are investigated. The composites were produced by blending unsaturated polyester resins (i.e., orthophthalic, isophthalic, and terephthalic) and bisphenol-A-based epoxy-vinyl ester resin to produce single, binary and ternary blends. In doing this, a total of 14 different combinations were produced. The results show that the binary and ternary polymer blends tend to improve almost all the tested properties of the polymer composites. Further, the fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results confirmed that the reason for enahcned properties is due to better crosslinking and longer chains of polymers produced in binary and ternary mixtures. The absence of peaks determining the styrene polymerization character for all mixtures also demonstrates that the polymerization reaction takes place in all mixtures. It is also believed that the binary and ternary resin mixtures have developed higher energy absorption compared to single resin composites. All of the mentioned has been achieved while the gelation temperatures of the hybrid resin mixtures were not changed significantly and they began gelation at the expected temperature values. In addition to the gelation, peak exotherm temperatures, and barcol hardness values demonstrated that all mixtures achieved sufficient curing. The result of this study is significant and point to the great potential of producing high performance polymer composites through the use of binary or ternary resin mixtures.

Synergistic Effect of Graphene and Boron Nitride on the Electrical Conductivity and Mechanical Properties of Hybrid Polymer Composites

This work examines the combined influence of graphene and hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) on the electrical conductivity, mechanical characteristics, and thermal stability of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)-based hybrid polymer composites. Graphene and h-BN were exfoliated and amalgamated in different ratios (1:1, 2:1, and 3:1), thereafter integrated into the PVDF matrix at nanofiller concentrations of 0.5 wt%, 1.0 wt%, 2.0 wt%, and 5.0 wt%. Mechanical tests demonstrated substantial improvements in tensile strength and Young’s modulus, especially for composites with a 2:1 graphene-to-h-BN ratio. Electrical conductivity significantly enhanced with increasing nanofiller content, reaching a peak of 5.0 × 10⁻² S/m at a 5.0 wt% nanofiller concentration with a 3:1 graphene-to-h-BN ratio. Thermal stability has also improved with degradation temperatures increased by up to 70°C more as compared to PVDF. The findings demonstrate that the ideal nanofiller structure (2:Adding one graphene ratio at 5.0 wt% strikes a balance of these properties enabling the composites to be applied in electronics, sensors, and advanced structures

Experimental Study on Influence of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes on Thermal Behavior of ABS & PETG Hybrid Polymer Composites

Polymer composites with enhanced thermal conductivity not only exhibit impressive heat transfer capabilities comparable to metals and ceramics but also preserve the inherent benefits of polymers, including their lightweight nature, ease of processing, and cost-effectiveness. These composites find extensive applications in aerospace, electronics, medical devices, and various other industries. Polymer-based composites incorporating multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were created, and the impact of different concentrations on the thermal stability of the resulting hybrid composite was examined. This study examines the way of behaving of PETG and ABS materials fabricated through 3D printing and built up with differing measures of carbon fibers (CF) and multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT). The study aims to shed light on the ways in which these materials improve polymer properties, focusing particularly on the beneficial effect of reinforcement on thermal behavior. Additionally, the influence of temperature on the thermal properties of hybrid polymer composites is briefly addressed. These findings underscore the significance of both the content and dispersion state of nanoparticles in shaping the thermal characteristics of such composites.

Methods and Mechanical Properties of Polymer Hybrid Composites and Hybrid Polymer Composites: Influence of Ionic Liquid Addition

Polymer hybrid composites and hybrid polymer composites are distinct but interconnected composite classes, each with unique compositions and design philosophies. The mechanical properties of these composites are vital in advanced materials due to their impacts on performance, durability, and suitability for various applications. The addition of ionic liquids into these composites is a promising innovation in advanced materials. In this short review, various polymer matrices (e.g., thermosets, thermoplastics, and biopolymers), fillers (e.g., inorganic, carbon, organic, and metal), and ionic liquids (e.g., imidazolium- and phosphonium-based) used to fabricate polymer hybrid composites and hybrid polymer composites with added ionic liquids are identified. Furthermore, the addition of ionic liquids into these composites through different methods (e.g., magnetic stirring, mechanical stirring, solid grinding, etc.) is discussed. The influence of ionic liquid addition on the mechanical properties, specifically the tensile properties of these composites, is also shortly reviewed. The changes in the tensile properties, such as the tensile strength, tensile modulus, and elongation at break, of these composites are explained as well. The information presented in this review enhances the understanding of the methods applied to add ionic liquids into polymer hybrid composites and hybrid polymer composites, along with their tensile properties. In short, some ionic liquids have the capacity to enhance the tensile properties of hybrid polymer composites, and several ionic liquids can reduce the tensile properties of polymer hybrid composites.

Static and dynamic mechanical properties of hybrid polymer composites: A comprehensive review of experimental, micromechanical and simulation approaches

Static and dynamic mechanical properties of hybrid polymer composites: A comprehensive review of experimental, micromechanical and simulation approaches

A review on mechanical properties of hybrid polymer composites

The purpose of the present work is to evaluate research work on fiber-reinforced hybrid composites that have exceptional mechanical properties. Polymers are replacing metal materials as a solution to issues including corrosion, weight, flexibility, and other issues. Hybrid polymers provide the extra benefit of improving mechanical qualities like tensile, impact, and flexural. Nanocomposites, bio nanocomposites, and biopolymers were offered for each form of hybrid composite, along with thermoplastic and thermoset polymers. Through the examined studies, composites are frequently reinforced with fibres for improved mechanical properties. The experimental findings showed that natural fibre stacking patterns had an impact on the mechanical characteristics of natural hybrid composites. Nearly all hybridization of various reinforcing fibres showed synergistic impacts on the mechanical characteristics of the hybrid composite. The finer mechanical characteristics of hybrid polymers supplemented with nanoparticles, however, can be viewed as a favourable property trait. Due to the hybrid composite material's constituent polymers maintaining their separate identities, it exhibits substantial physical and chemical properties in addition to those of the individual polymers.

An evaluation on mechanical properties of vaccum bagging processed kenaf epoxy nano aluminium oxide and nanographene composites

This paper aims to study the mechanical properties of hybrid polymer composites and the addition of primary and secondary fillers the nano-aluminum oxide and nanographene to the Kenaf epoxy composites. The vacuum bagging method was used to fabricate the composites. The advantage of using vacuum bagging is to reduce blowholes. The weight ratio of Kenaf fiber 50%–60%, matrix 40%, fillers nano-aluminum oxide 0%–6%, and nanographene 0%–3% was considered. Mechanical properties like Tensile strength, Young’s modulus and elongation, flexural strength, flexural modulus, hardness, impact strength, and compression strength were tested.6% nano aluminum oxide and 3% nanographene show a 125% increase in tensile strength, a 45% increase in flexural strength, and almost four times higher flexural modulus recorded. 42% increase in compression strength, and an increase of 40% in impact strength. The highest Vickers hardness is 27. An increase in primary and secondary fillers decreases and a combination of increases the mechanical properties.

Investigation of wear and mechanical properties of hybrid polymer composites

The present work focuses on the fabrication of hybrid composites using glass fiber and steel sheet embedded in epoxy resins. The fabrication of hybrid laminates with the help of the Hand lay-up method. The volume fraction of Epoxy resin is maintained constant at 40 %, 0, 5, 10 % of spring steel sheet and 50, 55, and 60 % of glass fiber. The mechanical properties like flexural, impact and tensile strength were investigated. The dry and sliding wear behavior of hybrid laminates was also analyzed. The Taguchi approach was used to identify the optimal parameters for the wear performance. The results show that the steel sheet has positions at the center with 50 % glass fiber and 10 % steel sheet better properties. Steel sheet volume fraction 10 % and sliding distance 1000 m, and load 80 N were identified as optimal parameters.

Modeling and optimization of dynamic-mechanical properties of hybrid polymer composites by multiple nonlinear neuro-regression method

Modeling and optimization of dynamic-mechanical properties of hybrid polymer composites by multiple nonlinear neuro-regression method

Investigation on mechanical properties of hybrid polymer composites for automobile applications

A novel epoxy-based hybrid polymer composite was developed and the effect of hybridization on the mechanical properties was investigated. Sisal fiber, polypropylene fiber, alumina trihydrate and nano silica are used for hybridization in epoxy resin matrix via hand layup process. Hardness and impact testing were conducted as per the standards ASTM D2240 and ASTM D256 respectively. Both sisal and polypropylene fibers (5 %wt.) without fillers have improved the hardness by 5.8 % and achieved an impact strength of 68 kJ/m2. A small addition of ATH (0.5 % wt.) as filler to inherit the fire retardancy has deteriorated the mechanical properties of hybrid polymers. However, the addition of nano silica (1.5 % wt.) as another filler along with ATH, sisal and polypropylene fibers has improved the mechanical properties, i.e., hardness and impact value of the epoxy resin-based hybrid polymer by 9.4 % and 85.7 % respectively by suppressing the ATH effect in the hybridization.

Enhanced thermal and electrical properties of hybrid polymer composites containing Al2O3 microspheres and nanowires

Thermal interface materials efficiently transfer heat from high-temperature electronic devices to heat management components to alleviate the overheating that deteriorates component lifetimes of electronic devices. Recently, high-performance polymer composites, made of polymer matrices and thermally conducting fillers, have been actively researched due to their low densities and controllable properties. However, the conventional polymer composites produced by mixing methods of homogeneous fillers have significantly low percolation and poor heat dispersion, which afford reduced mechanical and thermal performances. Herein we propose a strategy for fabricating epoxy composites that provide good electrical insulation and enhanced thermal conductivity using a combination of heterogeneous Al2O3 fillers. The epoxy composites were prepared by using a hybrid filler system comprising microspheres and nanowires, which were fabricated by spray drying and hydrothermal methods, respectively. The use of these two filler components produces a continuous network of fillers throughout the polymer matrix. The thermal conductivity of the hybrid composite is enhanced by 107.9% compared to that of the composite containing only microspheres at the same filler loading (30 wt%). Additionally, the epoxy composites produced with the hybrid filler system provide enhanced electrical insulation (with a dielectric constant of 3.5 at 1 kHz). This hybrid composite approach has the potential to be applied with a wide range of polymers and fillers for use in diverse applications (e.g., wearable devices and electrical vehicles).

Mechanical Properties of Bone Particulate and E-Glass Fiber Reinforced Hybrid Polymer Composite

The present study is focused on investigating the mechanical properties of hybrid polymer composites. The reinforcement materials are animal bone (ox) particulate and E-glass fiber. The matrix material is epoxy resin. The following combinations are considered for investigation: (a) bone particulate weight percent (20%, 30%, and 40%), (b) E-glass fiber weight percent (20%, 30%, and 40%), and (c) bone particulate (10%, 20%, and 30%) and E-glass fiber (30%, 20%, and 10%) with epoxy resin 60% by weight percent. The test specimens are prepared as per the required ASTM standard for tensile, compressive, and flexural tests. The test results show that maximum tensile and compressive strength observed in 40% of E-glass fiber with 60% of epoxy matrix, correspondingly, is 254.964 MPa and 37.52 MPa. The maximum flexural strength observed in E-glass fiber reinforced composites is 250.43 MPa.

Assessment of the Mechanical Properties of Hybrid Polymer Composites for Denture Applications

Acrylic resin is the dominant material that is broadly utilised to produce partial and complete dentures. The exposure of the denture-base acrylic resins to the oral environment as well as storing media for a certain period causes saliva sorption. In this study, composite materials-based polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) reinforced with 1 wt% of glass fibres and (3, 6 and 9 wt%) yttrium oxide (Y2O3 ) have been prepared, and the addition influence upon some mechanical tests (tensile, flexural, hardness and surface roughness) has been investigated. Afterward, the mechanical properties of composite materials afterimmersion in artificialsaliva forseven days have been evaluated. The results show that the Y2O3 percentage is 6%, which possesses a perfect feature. Thus, such a sample may be an encouraging material for achieving the needed properties for denture use. Furthermore, all mechanical properties were decreased after immersion in synthetic saliva.

Effect of quasi-static and intermediate strain rates on the tensile properties of hybrid polymer composites

This study presents the results of an investigation on the tensile behaviour of hybrid polymer composites under different strain rates. Glass/carbon, aramid/carbon, glass/aramid, and glass/aramid/carbon hybrid laminates were produced using vacuum assisted resin transfer molding method with epoxy resin system. Uniaxial tensile testing was performed to determine the tensile strength, modulus and failure strain of the hybrid laminates under quasi static (0.001 s‒1) and intermediate (5 and 10 s‒1) strain rates. Tensile strength and elastic modulus of hybrid composites increased with increasing the strain rate. Hybrid laminates with glass fibre were more sensitive to the strain rate. Carbon layers located at the centre of the hybrid laminates resulted in increased tensile strength, indicating the major role of stacking sequence on the behaviour of hybrid composites. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to examine the fracture surfaces of the laminates. The extent of damage propagation was significantly broader at intermediate strain rates.

Mechanical properties of hybrid polymer composites: a review

Polymer composites have become one of the most important domains in recent times for researchers. It is due to the fact that polymer composites possess better strength-to-weight ratio than the most of the conventional alloys and composites which are in use today for structural applications. Moreover, the researchers are also coming up with novel hybrid polymer composites so as to achieve the desired mechanical properties. Therefore, this review on hybrid polymer composites focuses on the mechanical properties like impact, flexural and tensile strengths of hybrid polymer composites so as to bring out the essence of their mechanical behaviour which are influenced by critical factors like selection of type, orientation and arrangement of reinforcements in polymer matrix composites. This detailed review is an endeavour to unfold the major aspects of this domain as research gaps which are untouched till date. The study shows that there is limited use of fillers (such as red mud and fly ash) and natural fibres (abaca, bamboo, ramie, coir, pineapple) in hybrid polymer composites to harness their full potential. It is also inferred from the study that there is a dearth of research pertinent to modelling, prediction and optimisation of mechanical properties of hybrid polymer composites like toughness, flexural strength, tensile strength and impact strength.

TiO2 and zeolite nanopowder enhanced mechanical properties of hybrid polymer composites

Manufacturing hybrid composites using polyethylene (PE) matrix is the main focus of this present research. Physico-mechanical testing of betel nut and glass fiber-reinforced hybrid composites was subsequently performed. Random orientation and short fiber-reinforced composite was manufactured using a hot press machine for 80% PE-20% fiber at a ratio of betel nut and glass fiber 1:3, found from previous research. Therefore, the effect of nanofiller on that ratio was mainly explored in this research. As a result, more samples were fabricated by the addition of titanium oxide and zeolite nanopowder as a nanofiller for this fiber ratio of betel nut and glass 1:3 by keeping the fiber short with random orientation. The fabricated composites were characterized based on mechanical testing, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic analysis (FTIR). FTIR analysis ensured the presence of nanopowder and –OH group in the respective composites. Therefore, the addition of titanium oxide nanopowder enhanced all mechanical properties of the composites, except % elongation at break. SEM analysis revealed better interfacial bonding and uniform dispersion of nanofiller in the PE matrix. Composites containing betel nut and glass at a ratio of 1:3 with titanium oxide nanopowder would provide the optimum set of mechanical properties among all fabricated hybrid composites.

Electrothermal and Optical Properties of Hybrid Polymer Composites

Electrothermal and Optical Properties of Hybrid Polymer Composites

Mechanical Properties of Phenol Formaldehyde Hybrid Composites Reinforced with Natural Cellulose Fibers

This paper reports on the preparation and mechanical properties of hybrid polymer composites involving areca fine fibers (AFFs), sisal fibers (SFs), and roselle fibers (RFs) as reinforcing agents in a phenol formaldehyde (PF) resin-based polymer matrix. For comparative study, an AFF/glass fiber-reinforced PF hybrid composite and AFF/PF composite were also prepared. Hybrid composites were fabricated using a hand lay-up technique, where the weight fraction of fibers was kept at 40 wt% at a ratio of 1:1. Tensile and flexural properties of randomly oriented intimately mixed hybrid polymer composites were evaluated. The results revealed that the mechanical properties of the AFF/PF composite increased by a considerable amount when hybridized with the sisal fibers. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to analyze the fractured surface of the composite specimens after mechanical testing.

Effect of starch treatment and hybridisation on the mechanical properties of natural fibre composites

In this investigation, studies are carried out on the mechanical properties of hybrid polymer composites. Hybrid composites can reach a better combination of both artificial and natural fibre properties. Different weight percentages of jute fibres were hybridised with coconut sheath to produce the composites through compression moulding. Composites were produced using untreated and treated fibres. Fibre surfaces were treated with trichloro(vinyl)silane and starch solutions. Inter-laminar shear strength (ILSS) and flexural tests were conducted on the composites. Results show that jute hybridisation yields significant enhancement in the coconut sheath composite. Composites with starch treated fibres shows higher flexural strength. Scanning electron microscopy of the fracture surface revealed agglomeration of fibres in the fibre-matrix interface, which helped increasing flexural strength.

Evaluation of Mechanical and Insulation Properties of Nomex-T410 and HS Glass Polymer Matrix Composites

Glass fibre-reinforced plastics (GFRP) composite materials are extending the application horizons of designers in all branches of engineering. The present work is focused on development and determination of mechanical and dielectric properties of hybrid polymer composites of Nomex and High Silica Glass fabricated through handlay process. Five laminates each were fabricated for four different stacking orders with an average of 55% matrix contents. The polymeric composite was tested for mechanical and dielectric properties. It is found that the hardness was boosted in the laminate with the presence of more layers of High Silica glass fibers, presence of higher number of Nomex contributed for an increase in the compression strength and High Silica glass fibers and Nomex had an equal effect in increasing flexural strength of the composite. The Nomex and E-glass fibers present in the core of the composite covered by High Silica glass on the outer layer of the composite offered very good dielectric strength and surface resistivity for the composite and the absence of E-glass fibers have enhanced the dissipation factor. Further all laminates showed a greater stability towards chemical attack and temperature stability was observed up to 300° C.