Properties Of Geopolymer Concrete Research Articles

Fracture performance of fiber reinforced geopolymer: Synergetic perspective

It is well-known the hybridization of different types of fibers exaggerates the contribution of mono fiber reinforcement on the mechanical and/or fresh properties of the concrete. Despite this fact, very few researchers have pointed out the synergetic effect of hybrid fibers on the fracture response of the geopolymer concretes. Hence, the present work seeks to extend the current knowledge of material science to cover the synergetic effect of hybrid fibers. To this end, a total of 15 mixtures, including plain matrix were manufactured. Steel, carbon, and glass fibers were incorporated into the mixtures at varying ratios. For the fracture evaluations, the rectangular prisms with the central notches were exposed to a three-point static bending test. Crack formations on the specimen surfaces were recorded through the 2D digital image correlation (DIC) method. Test results were examined in terms of some mechanical and fracture properties of geopolymer composites. Accordingly, the compressive strength, Young's modulus, flexural strength, limit of proportionality, and residual strengths were evaluated as the mechanical properties, while the fracture energy, characteristic length, effective crack length, initial stress intensity factor, and unstable stress intensity factor were considered as the fracture properties. Based on the experimental results, carbon fiber was found to be capable of increasing pre-peak mechanical response, while the steel and glass fibers were useful in improving the post-peak fracture properties of geopolymer concretes. In most cases, similar results were also attained for the hybrid fiber-reinforced concretes.

Why Sustainable Concrete Cannot Penetrate Concrete Markets

Several studies have shown that sustainable concrete mixtures could be a solution to reduce the CO2 emissions of concrete while utilizing supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) that are waste byproducts, including fly ash, metakaolin, and ground granulated blast furnace slag. However, for these sustainable concrete mixtures to be adopted as a replacement for conventional ordinary Portland cement concrete (OPCC), site engineers, decision-makers, and authorities need to be aware of the mechanical and durability properties of these sustainable concrete mixtures. A brief review of the mechanical and durability properties of both geopolymer concrete and alkali-activated cement demonstrates the objective performance relative to OPCC. Then, the results of a survey targeting researchers, site civil engineers, decision-makers, and employees in governmental agencies are presented. The results indicate that even though the mechanical and durability properties of geopolymer/sustainable concrete are recognized, limited awareness and availability present significant challenges to the adoption of sustainability concrete in infrastructure projects. The survey highlights the need for focused marketing efforts to educate decision-makers on the availability as well as mechanical and durability properties of geopolymer concrete. Additionally, it serves as a call for future research to overcome obstacles such as high initial cost, safety concerns, and limited practical applications.

Mechanical Properties of Geo-Polymer Concrete by using Water Glass Solution

The environmental concerns related to the production of cement in terms of the energy consumption and the emission of CO2 lead to the search for more environmentally viable alternatives to the cement. One of those alternative materials is Fly ash and GGBS Where Fly ash (FA) and Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) is used not as a partial replacement to cement but as the sole binder in the production of concrete. The performance of fly ash and GGBS based materials with sodium silicate (water glass) as an activator was studied

Experimental Analysis on Mechanical Properties of Geopolymer Concrete

Experimental Analysis on Mechanical Properties of Geopolymer Concrete

Experimental Investigation on Mechanical and Durability Properties of Geopolymer Concrete

Abstract: Geopolymer concrete (GPC) is a new type of concrete that is made with alkaline activators and aluminosilicate materials, such as fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS). GPC has several advantages over traditional Portland cement concrete (OPC), including higher early strength, better durability, and lower environmental impact. This paper presents an experimental analysis of the mechanical and durability properties of GPC. The mechanical properties investigated include compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, flexural strength, and modulus of elasticity. The results show that GPC has comparable or better mechanical properties than OPC at all ages. GPC also has superior durability properties to OPC, with lower water absorption, higher acid resistance, and lower chloride permeability. The overall findings of this study indicate that GPC is a promising alternative to OPC for a wide range of applications. Since Geopolymer concrete doesn’t use any cement, the production of cement shall be reduced and hence the pollution of atmosphere by the emission of carbon dioxide shall also be minimized. Cement, being a key material of concrete, experiencing a rise in global demand. It has a massive carbon footprint having a contribution of about 8% to the global Carbon dioxide emissions. Geopolymer concrete has a huge potential to replace ordinary Portland concrete. For sustainable construction, GPC reduces the use of cement and finds the alternative of cement for the material's binding property. So, the geopolymer concrete is an alternative to Portland cement concrete and it is a potential material having large commercial value and for sustainable development in Indian construction industries.

Influence of recycled coarse aggregate on properties of fly ash and slag-based geopolymer concrete cured under oven and ambient temperature

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of the replacement of natural coarse aggregate (NCA) with different percentages of recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) on properties of low calcium fly ash (FA)-based geopolymer concrete (GPC) cured at oven temperature. Further, this paper aims to study the effect of partial replacement of FA by ground granulated blast slag (GGBS) in GPC made with both NCA and RCA cured under ambient temperature curing. Design/methodology/approach M25 grade of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) concrete was designed according to IS: 10262-2019 with 100% NCA as control concrete. Since no standard guidelines are available in the literature for GPC, the same mix proportion was adopted for the GPC by replacing the OPC with 100% FA and W/C ratio by alkalinity/binder ratio. All FA-based GPC mixes were prepared with 12 M of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and an alkalinity ratio, i.e. sodium hydroxide to sodium silicate (NaOH:Na2SiO3) of 1:1.5, subjected to 90°C temperature for 48 h of curing. The NCA were replaced with 50% and 100% RCA in both OPC and GPC mixes. Further, FA was partially replaced with 15% GGBS in GPC made with the above percentages of NCA and RCA, and they were given ambient temperature curing with the same molarity of NaOH and alkalinity ratio. Findings The workability, compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexural strength, water absorption, density, volume of voids and rebound hammer value of all the mixes were studied. Further, the relationship between compressive strength and other mechanical properties of GPC mixes were established and compared with the well-established relationships available for conventional concrete. From the experimental results, it is found that the compressive strength of GPC under ambient curing condition at 28 days with 100% NCA, 50% RCA and 100% RCA were, respectively, 14.8%, 12.85% and 17.76% higher than those of OPC concrete. Further, it is found that 85% FA and 15% GGBS-based GPC with RCA under ambient curing shown superior performance than OPC concrete and FA-based GPC cured under oven curing. Research limitations/implications The scope of the present paper is limited to replace the FA by 15% GGBS. Further, only 50% and 100% RCA are used in place of natural aggregate. However, in future study, the replacement of FA by different amounts of GGBS (20%, 25%, 30% and 35%) may be tried to decide the optimum utilisation of GGBS so that the applications of GPC can be widely used in cast in situ applications, i.e. under ambient curing condition. Further, in the present study, the natural aggregate is replaced with only 50% and 100% RCA in GPC. However, further investigations may be carried out by considering different percentages between 50 and 100 with the optimum compositions of FA and GGBS to enhance the use of RCA in GPC applications. The present study is further limited to only the mechanical properties and a few other properties of GPC. For wider use of GPC under ambient curing conditions, the structural performance of GPC needs to be understood. Therefore, the structural performance of GPC subjected to different loadings under ambient curing with RCA to be investigated in future study. Originality/value The replacement percentage of natural aggregate by RCA may be further enhanced to 50% in GPC under ambient curing condition without compromising on the mechanical properties of concrete. This may be a good alternative for OPC and natural aggregate to reduce pollution and leads sustainability in the construction.

Enhancing fire resistance in geopolymer concrete containing crumb rubber with graphene nanoplatelets

Geopolymer concrete (GPC) has a tendency to spall and lose its strength at high temperatures, rendering it brittle. This research incorporates graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) to enhance the fire resistance of GPC. A comprehensive experimental framework, comprising 20 distinct mix designs, was developed. Crumb rubber (CR) was substituted for natural sand in the mixture proportions, ranging from 10% to 30% by volume, while GNPs were incorporated in quantities ranging from 0.1% to 0.4% by weight of fly ash. The objective of this study is to assess the mechanical properties of these mixtures after exposure to 30, 60, and 90 min of ISO 834 standard fire. The properties of GPC were analyzed both before and after exposure to fire. The attributes and properties investigated include spalling, mass loss, stress-strain behavior under compression, compressive strength, compressive toughness, modulus of elasticity, and porosity. Furthermore, the study examined the interfacial interaction between the aggregates and the geopolymer matrix, as well as microstructural and morphological changes due to fire exposure, utilizing field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The results indicated that GNPs significantly mitigated the loss of post-fire compressive strengths of GPC. The Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was employed to develop statistical models and optimize the mixture proportions of CR and GNPs, aiming to maximize the compressive strength and the modulus of elasticity while minimizing the mass loss of GPC after exposure to fire. The optimization outcomes suggested that a mixture containing 10% CR and 0.3% GNPs represented the optimal composition for enhancing the fire resistance of GNP modified rubberized GPC.

State-of-the-art review of geopolymer concrete carbonation: From impact analysis to model establishment

Geopolymer concrete (GPC) is a relatively new, innovative and sustainable green civil engineering material, which has many advantages similar to ordinary Portland Cement (OPC). Through the investigations and analyses of published literature, this review paper summarizes the state-of-the-art research progress with respect to the carbonization performances of GPC from the following aspects. First of all, the advantages, carbonization mechanism, and carbonization identification methods of GPC are introduced. Second, the carbonization properties between GPC and OPC are compared, as well as the influences of different factors on the carbonization performance of GPC are analyzed, such as admixtures, additives, environment, etc. Finally, a series of models to evaluate the degree of carbonization are listed, and the future prospect of GPC carbonization research is also put forward. Based on the literature summaries, existing researchers still have great controversy about the research results on the anti-carbonization properties of geopolymer gelling materials, mainly because of the diversity of raw materials in the geopolymer system, resulting in large differences in the hydration products and microstructure of various geopolymer pulps, so there are differences in their anti-carbon performance. It is significant that the influential factors will be of great importance to determine the carbonization performances of GPC, which can also be extended to the anti-carbonization properties of GPC, such as the filling effect of nanoparticles, changing the proportion of silicon and aluminum substances, and improving the mechanical properties and durability of GPC. In addition, more types of numerical models for the carbonization of GPC should be established, considering more impact factors, to ensure the applicability and accuracy, and the integration of the models needs be more strengthened to serve for the complex engineering practices. Overall, the carbonization model establishment will contribute to analyzing the durability of GPC and provide some clues for prolonging its life.

Impact of Alkaline Concentration on the Mechanical Properties of Geopolymer Concrete Made up of Fly Ash and Sugarcane Bagasse Ash

Geopolymer concrete (GPC) is a novel and environmentally friendly type of concrete that eliminates the use of cement, resulting in a significant reduction in carbon emissions and a more sustainable construction material. Alkaline activators are used in GPC to achieve rapid strength development. The most popular alkaline activators are sodium/potassium silicate and sodium/potassium hydroxide, which are known contributors to carbon emissions, hence limiting the advantages of GPC; therefore, reducing the amount of these alkaline activators that contribute to carbon emissions is necessary for developing a more sustainable geopolymer concrete. In this study, the influence of the variation in sodium hydroxide molarities on the performance of fly ash/sugarcane bagasse ash-based-geopolymer concrete was investigated. The different molarities used were 10 M, 12 M, 14 M, and 16 M sodium hydroxide solutions. In addition, the effect of sugarcane bagasse ash content (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%) on the fresh and hardened geopolymer concrete properties were examined. The slump test, compression test, split tensile test, and flexure test were conducted on the cast samples. The results of this study showed that raising the concentration of NaOH from 10 M to 16 M while maintaining a sodium silicate to sodium hydroxide ratio of 2.5 resulted in a 3.75–10.2% improvement in compressive strength after 28 days. It is worth noting that, even at a concentration of 10 M, the concrete still achieved high strength.

A Comprehensive Performance Evaluation of GGBS-Based Geopolymer Concrete Activated by a Rice Husk Ash-Synthesised Sodium Silicate Solution and Sodium Hydroxide

Commercial sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and sodium silicate (SS) are commonly used as alkaline activators in geopolymer concrete production despite concerns about their availability and associated CO2 emissions. This study employs an alternative alkaline activator (AA) synthesized from a sodium silicate alternative (SSA) solution derived from rice husk ash (RHA) and a 10 M sodium hydroxide solution. The initial phase established an optimal water-to-binder (W/B) ratio of 0.50, balancing workability and structural performance. Subsequent investigations explored the influence of the alkali/precursor (A/P) ratio on geopolymer concrete properties. A control mix uses ordinary Portland cement (OPC), while ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS)-based geopolymer concrete—GPC mixes (GPC1, GPC2, GPC3, GPC4) vary the A/P ratios (0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8) with a 1:1 ratio of sodium silicate to sodium hydroxide (SS: SH). The engineering performance was evaluated through a slump test, and unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and tensile splitting (TS) tests in accordance with the appropriate standards. The geopolymer mixes, excluding GPC3, offer suitable workability; UCS and TS, though lower than the control mix, peak at an A/P ratio of 0.4. Despite lower mechanical strength than OPC, geopolymers’ environmental benefits make them a valuable alternative. GPC2, with a 0.4 A/P ratio and 0.5 W/B (water to binder) ratio, is recommended for balanced workability and structural performance. Future research should focus on enhancing the mechanical properties of geopolymer concrete for sustainable, high-performance mixtures.

EFFECT OF ADDING RED AND YELLOW PIGMENTS TO GEOPOLYMER CONCRETE

This study examined the feasibility of producing colored geopolymer concrete using slag as the binder and investigated the effects of pigment on various properties of geopolymer concrete. The geopolymer concrete was supplemented with two varieties of pigment, namely iron oxide hydroxide in the shades of "red" and "yellow", then the following tests of compressive strength, rebound number, density, and ultrasonic pulse velocity were carried out on it. The highest compressive strength value was achieved when adding 1% of pigments, which increased the red and yellow values from the reference value by 2.7 percent and 1.8 percent, respectively. The best rebound number values can be obtained by adding 1% yellow and 3% red, which increased the red and yellow values from the reference value by 8% and 15%, respectively. The density increases as the proportion of the additional pigment rises. The maximum density values were achieved by incorporating 1% of red and yellow pigment, with a respective increase of 1% and 3% for red and yellow. The highest values of ultrasonic pulse velocity when adding 1% of yellow and red color pigments increased by 1.7% for yellow and 2% for red. The optimal addition is 1.2% as it enhances properties and reduces expenses when utilizing smaller pigments.

Mechanical Properties of Geopolymer Concrete Subjected to Elevated Temperature

Abstract: The present study is to examine the influence of the sustained elevated temperature on hardened properties of the Geopolymer concrete (GPC), achieved by complete replacement of cement by GGBS and SCBA in the proportion of 70:30 andmixing with the sodium based alkaline activators with varying molar concentration of NaOH (4M,8M,12M). After completion of 28 days curing the specimens were kept inside the electric oven , capable of attaining a maximum temperature of 10000C and the required temperature of 2000C, 4000C, 6000C and 8000C was set. After a steady state is reached the specimens were sustained for a predetermined duration of 2 hours. After attaining the 2 hours sustained temperature specimens are set aside to cool to room temperature and tests are conducted to measure the residual strength of the specimens using proper experiment setup. The outcomes revealed that with increase of temperature the weight loss of specimens is increased and the residual compressive strength of the specimens is decreased, GPC has a better resistance against cracking and spalling up to 600 0C

Mechanical Properties of Rubberised Geopolymer Concrete.

The environmental impact of non-biodegradable rubber waste can be severe if they are buried in moist landfill soils or remain unused forever. This study deals with a sustainable approach for reusing discarded tires in construction materials. Replacing ordinary Portland cement (OPC) with an environmentally friendly geopolymer binder and integrating crumb rubber into pre-treated or non-treated geopolymer concrete as a partial replacement of natural aggregate is a great alternative to utilise tire waste and reduce CO2 emissions. Considering this, two sets of geopolymer concrete (GPC) mixes were manufactured, referred to as core mixes. Fine aggregates of the core geopolymer mixes were partially replaced with pre-treated and non-treated rubber crumbs to produce crumb rubber geopolymer concrete (CRGPC). The mechanical properties, such as compressive strength, stress-strain relationship, and elastic modulus of a rubberised geopolymer concrete of the reference GPC mix and the CRGPC were examined thoroughly to determine the performance of the products. Also, the mechanical properties of the CRGPC were compared with the existing material models. The result shows that the compressive strength and modulus of elasticity of CRGPC decrease with the increase of rubber content; for instance, a 33% reduction of the compressive strength is observed when 25% natural fine aggregate is replaced with crumb rubber. However, the strength and elasticity reduction can be minimised using pre-treated rubber particles. Based on the experimental results, stress-strain models for GPC and CRGPC are developed and proposed. The proposed models can accurately predict the properties of GPC and CRGPC.

Determination of the effectiveness of porcelain fine waste to enhance the performance of geopolymer concrete with recycled waste using central composite design and Taguchi method

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of incorporating bone china fine aggregate (BCA) in geopolymer concrete (GPC) with recycled coarse aggregate (RCA). A total of 25 experiments were conducted to optimize the mix design of GPC with coarse RCA and fine BCA. The suitability of a response surface model using the central composite design approach and the Taguchi method with an L25 orthogonal array was assessed. Both methods provide valuable insights and recommendations for achieving ideal mix proportions to enhance strength. The resulting model, with a higher coefficient of determination, successfully predicted the mechanical properties of GPC in fresh and hardened states. The findings suggest that GPC with up to 50% RCA and up to 100% BCA demonstrates optimal performance in terms of hardened mechanical properties. Furthermore, a strong correlation was observed between the predicted and actual values, indicating the reliability of the model.

Influence of Bentonite and Polypropylene Fibers on Geopolymer Concrete

Bentonite is one of the SiO2-rich pozzolanic clay types that has been enormously employed as a cost-effective and eco-friendly supplementary cementitious material in ordinary Portland cement (OPC) concrete. However, the use of bentonite in geopolymer concrete (GPC) has not been explored very widely. Further, the research available on the effect of utilizing treated bentonite in GPC is limited. The practical application of GPC is also very limited due to its significant shrinkage and high brittleness compared to OPC concrete. There are several studies available that have highlighted the use of polypropylene fibers (PPF) in improving the mechanical properties of GPC by reducing drying shrinkage and enhancing ductility. However, the effect of PPF on the durability properties of GPC needs to be addressed. Further, the effect of the combined integration of bentonite and PPF on the mechanical and durability properties of GPC has not been reported yet. The aim of this study is, therefore, to investigate the individual and combined effect of bentonite and PPF on the workability, mechanical properties, and durability of fly ash (FA)-based GPC. Bentonite replaced 10% of FA, and PPF was added at varying proportions (0.5%, 0.75%, and 1%) for raw and treated bentonite. Slump test was used to assess workability, while compressive, tensile, and flexural tests were utilized to evaluate the mechanical properties. Water absorption, acid attack, and abrasion resistance tests were used to evaluate durability. The results showed that bentonite and PPF significantly enhance mechanical properties, especially when combined with treated bentonite, with the highest improvement observed for mixtures with 1% PPF. The compressive strength was improved by an extent of 10% and 18% for raw bentonite-GPC and treated bentonite-GPC, respectively, compared to the control mix without bentonite. The durability test results revealed that water absorption of raw and treated bentonite-GPC mixtures at the age of 90 days was decreased by 16% and 21%, respectively, compared to the control mix (without bentonite). The mass loss of raw and treated bentonite-GPC mixtures in sulphuric acid solution was 5% and 10% lower, respectively, than the control mix (without bentonite). The mass loss of raw and treated bentonite-GPC mixtures in abrasion resistance tests was 6% and 12% lower, respectively, than the control mix (without bentonite). For durability performance, mixtures with 0.5% PPF perform the best, while higher PPF contents negatively impact the GPC durability.

A Study on Enhancing the Properties of Geopolymer Concrete Using Hybrid Fibers

Alkali is present in significant quantities in geopolymer concretes. Due of this, their ductility and flexural strength are also low. The flexural strength of concrete is enhanced by the addition of fibers. Flexural strength has been a challenge for geopolymer concretes, thus researchers have tried using fibers to strengthen them. On the other hand, geopolymer concretes have never before utilized hybrid fibers. This study is an effort to incorporate hybrid fibers in geopolymer concrete to prevent its brittle fracture. Experiments are conducted to learn more about the geopolymer concrete's different mechanical characteristics, and then the settings are fine-tuned. Mechanical qualities of geopolymer concrete are improved by determining the optimal molarity of sodium hydroxide, the optimal ratio of sodium silicate to sodium hydroxide, and the optimal proportion of addition of fibers.

The Properties of Geo-polymer Concrete by Partial Replacement of Cement with GGBS & Fly ash

The production of Portland cement contributes to significant environmental pollution, with around 7% of global carbon dioxide emissions attributed to this industry. To address this issue, the construction sector seeks eco-friendly alternatives to conventional concrete. This project focuses on geopolymer concrete, which utilizes Fly ash and ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS) can be utilized as a partial substitute for cement. The study investigates the effects of incorporating different percentages of fly ash (5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% as cement replacement) and GGBS (10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30% as sand replacement) in geopolymer concrete. Compressive strength tests are conducted on cube specimens (150mm x 150mm x 150mm) at various ages (7 days, 14 days, and 28 days).

Factors affecting durability properties of GPC: A review

The imperative to find sustainable alternatives to conventional cement, given its energy-intensive production and significant environmental impact, has driven research into alternative binder materials for civil infrastructure. This paper explores Geopolymer concrete (GPC), a polymer-based binder technology, as a promising solution to reduce the environmental footprint associated with traditional cement production. The study meticulously examines various aspects of GPC, focusing on its impact on crucial durability properties for infrastructure applications. This includes an in-depth analysis of GPC properties, elucidating characteristics influencing performance. In addition to fundamental properties, the paper critically evaluates the resistance of geopolymer pastes and concrete to a spectrum of extreme conditions. The discussion spans testing methodologies for both heat- and ambient-cured geopolymers, providing insights into their performance and durability across diverse environmental challenges. This comprehensive review aims to enhance the understanding of GPC technology, offering valuable insights for researchers, engineers, and industry professionals committed to sustainable and resilient infrastructure solutions.

Chloride ion permeation and electrochemical impedance response of red mud-coal metakaolin geopolymer concrete

In geopolymer concrete, chloride ions largely contribute to the surface passivation of steel reinforcement and accelerate its corrosion. However, real-time nondestructive testing of chloride ion diffusion has not been widely conducted. Therefore, this study determined the distribution of chloride ions in red mud-coal metakaolin geopolymer concrete with different water-binding ratios under natural immersion conditions. The electrochemical properties of geopolymer concrete in a sodium chloride environment were examined by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and the relationship between these properties and the chloride ion diffusion coefficient was established. The experimental results showed that the contents of free chloride ions, total chloride ions, and bound chloride ions gradually decreased with increasing penetration depth; total chloride ions and free chloride ions increased at the same depth with increasing water-binder ratio; and bound chloride ions decreased with increasing ratio. In addition, the contents of free chloride ions, total chloride ions, and bound chloride ions gradually increased with the increase of the immersion age. The EIS results showed that there was a significant correlation between the diffusion coefficient and the electrochemical parameters. Therefore, EIS is suitable for detecting the diffusion of chloride ions in geopolymer concrete.

Effect of the elevated temperature on the mechanical properties of geopolymer concrete using fly ash and ground granulated blast slag

PurposeTo investigate the mechanical properties of geopolymer concrete at elevated temperatures.Design/methodology/approachThe investigation involved studying the influence of partially replacing fly ash with ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) at different proportions (5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25%) on the composition of the geopolymer. This approach aimed to examine how the addition of GGBS impacts the properties of the geopolymer material. The chemical NaOH was purchased from the local supplier of Jamshedpur. The alkali solution was prepared with a concentration of 12 M NaOH to produce the concrete. After several trials, the alkaline-to-binder ratio was determined to be 0.43.FindingsThe compressive strength values at 28 days for specimens FG1, FG2, FG3, FG4 and FG5 are 35.42 MPa, 41.26 MPa, 44.79 MPa, 50.51 MPa and 46.33 MPa, respectively. The flexural strength values at 28 days for specimens FG1, FG2, FG3, FG4 and FG5 are 5.31 MPa, 5.64 MPa, 6.12 MPa, 7.15 MPa and 6.48 MPa, respectively. The split tensile strength values at 28 days for specimens FG1, FG2, FG3, FG4 and FG5 are 2.82 MPa, 2.95 MPa, 3.14 MPa, 3.52 MPa and 3.31 MPa, respectively.Originality/valueThis approach allows for the examination of how the addition of GGBS affects the properties of the geopolymer material. Four different temperature levels were chosen for analysis: 100 °C, 300 °C, 500 °C and 700 °C. By subjecting the geopolymer samples to these elevated temperatures, the study aimed to observe any changes in their mechanical.