Properties Of Elastomer Composites Research Articles

Effects of Filler Modification on the Properties of Elastomeric Composites

Effects of Filler Modification on the Properties of Elastomeric Composites

Влияние алюмосиликатных ценосфер на структуру и свойства эластомерных композиционных материалов на основе этилен-пропилен-диеновых эластомеров

The use of industrial waste to develop new value-added materials and reduce their environmental impact is one of the most important tasks of science and industry, which can largely solve the problem of waste pollution. This work is aimed at studying the effect of different concentrations of fly ash aluminosilicate cenospheres on the structure and properties of elastomeric composites. In this work, using laboratory rollers, composite materials based on ethylene-propylene-diene rubber (EPDM-40) with different mass fractions of fly ash (10, 20 and 30 %) were obtained. Using the method of optical microscopy, the microstructure of mixtures of EPDM and aluminosilicate cenospheres was studied and it was shown that the filler content of more than 30% increases the content of larger cenosphere agglomerates in the structure, which indicates interfacial separation in mixtures, probably due to the fact that mechanical mixing on mixing equipment does not allow to achieve a uniform distribution of the filler throughout the elastomeric matrix. The IR spectra show the appearance of new absorption bands in the region. 1400 – 800 cm–1, corresponding to Si – O – Si stretching vibrations present in aluminosilicate cenospheres. According to the thermogravimetry data of the studied compositions, the introduction of aluminosilicate cenospheres contributed to a slight increase in the thermal stability of the tested composition with a cenosphere content of more than 30%. The influence of the concentration of aluminosilicate cenospheres on the resistance of composites to aggressive media was analyzed and it was found that the introduction of a cenosphere filler in an amount of 10 to 30 % in a mixture based on EPDM can increase the oil and petrol resistance of materials.

Finite element method based damage model to characterize effect of geometric configuration on fracture properties of elastomeric composites

Excellent tire wear resistance, wet grip resistance, and rolling resistance have made silica-filled green elastomeric composites suitable for an electric vehicle to lower fuel consumption. The study of damage mechanics of such materials has to be carried out in order to maximize safety during their usage. Accordingly, we aim to develop a damage model to characterize the effect of geometric configuration for such elastomeric composites. A ‘VUSDFLD’ damage subroutine is developed for the elastomeric composites, which is used in finite element analysis (FEA) and verified experimentally within 2% error. It is demonstrated that the change in geometric configuration can affect the fracture properties like J-integral and geometry factor. The J-R curve fits with a power-law equation with a correlation factor greater than 0.98. In contrast, using analytical modeling, an empirical relationship is proposed to trace CTOD-R curves of elastomeric composites with R2 greater than 0.88, which exhibits dependency of geometric configuration on fracture of elastomeric composites. We envisage that this fracture model can solve most of the fracture-related problems in elastomeric composites used in tires for EV and allied applications.

Effect of Ground Vulcanizate Modification Methods on Properties of Oil-Petroleum-Resistant Rubber

In this paper, the influence of the modification method applied to ground vulcanizate (GV) on the properties of elastomeric compositions based on nitrile rubber is discussed. Modified GV has been mixed with the elastomeric composition, which is used for the manufacturing of oil-petroleum-resistant rubber products.The work takes into consideration two types of GV with different chemical nature. The first GV type is rubber crumb produced from end-of-life tires. The second GV type was obtained from rubber wastes based on nitrile rubber. Three methods of the modification are compared in the research: mechanical activation in a planetary ball mill, swelling in a Polyethylene glycol (PEG-400) medium, and the mechano-chemical transformation of GV with PEG-4000. It is shown that depending on the dosage addition of GV modified with PEG-4000 reduce the compression set up for (16.1±0.7%), the strength decreases only by 2.1–8.3%, and the elongation at break increases by 0.8–10.3% compared to rubber without additives.

Investigation of the Deformation and Strength Properties of Elastomeric Compositions with Urea-Based Additives

The effect of blocked diisocyanates on the elastic-strength properties of elastomeric compositions based on SKI-3 isoprene rubber has been investigated. The synthesized additives are 2-isocyanato-4-phenylcarbamidotoluene (IPCT) and 2,4-diphenylcarbamidotoluene (DPCT). Tests were carried out to determine the physical and mechanical (conditional tensile strength, elongation at break, hardness) properties depending on the type and dosage of additives. It was found that samples with synthesized additives have strength and elongation at break higher than those of a sample without additives by 30 % and 200 %, respectively. There was also an increase in the tear resistance of all samples compared to the control (from 49.9 to 81.9 kN/m). An assumption is made about the formation of a network of physical connections, which provides an increase in these indicators. TMA analysis results showed a wider temperature range for reversible deformations (up to 180 °С).

Dynamic properties of elastomer composites filled with multiwalled carbon nanotubes

The paper studies the influence of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCN) on vulcanizing and dynamic properties under shear and oscillating load. It was found that, despite the lack of preliminary preparation of MWCN, when their concentration increase the dynamic properties also increase under an oscillating load in highly elastic state. Thus, it is possible to use MWCN producing elastomer materials with improved properties.

Influence of ZnO on the properties of elastomeric compositions and their leached extract

Abstract The reductionin zinc oxide (ZnO) content in elastomeric compositions has become a subject due to the deleterious effect of zinc ions on aquatic organisms. The purpose of this study was to develop elastomeric compositions containing 0, 1, 3 and 5 phr of ZnO aiming at assessing the influence of the different contents on the rheometric, mechanical and thermal properties. The release of the zinc (Zn) content by leaching, at each step of the production and after the ageing was also assessed. All ZnO-containing compounds had similar rheometric, thermal and mechanical properties. Also, during and after exposure to accelerated ageing the released contents were similar for all compositions regarding the residual ZnO percent. In conclusion, the utilization of the 3 phr ZnO content is viable for the replacement of the usual amount employed.

THE EFFECT OF NON-POLYMERIC COMPONENTS OF A RUBBER MIXTURE ON SURFACE PROPERTIES OF ELASTOMER COMPOSITIONS

The effect of non-polymeric components of a rubber mixture on the surface properties of butadienestyrene rubber obtained by solution polymerization was studied in the article. As non-polymeric components, ingredients widely used in the practice of the rubber industry were introduced into the rubber: fillers, surfactants of various types, and also sulfur - as a vulcanization agent. The surface free energy of the samples, a quantitative characteristic of the surface properties, was determined using the Owens-Wendt-Rabel-Kaelble method. It has been found that the surface properties of elastomeric compositions depend significantly on the solubility of the ingredients of the rubber composition and their adsorption properties. It has been shown that the most significant influence on the surface energy of butadiene-styrene rubber is exerted by the filler, on the surface of which rubber adsorption does not occur. The effect of surfactants on the surface energy of rubber compounds is different and depends on the nature of the surfactant. A partially soluble component - sulfur - in small quantities does not affect the surface energy of rubber samples. However, if it is present in the system in quantities greater than the solubility limit, it significantly reduces the surface free energy of the samples.

Properties of elastomeric compositions with sonicated superfine carbon additives

The influence of superfine carbon additives and their pretreatment by ultrasonication on the properties of elastomer compositions has been investigated. Superfine carbon additives come in two different types: fullerene-containing additives and ultra fine carbon additives (a complex mixture of nanofibers and nanotubes, graphite and amorphous carbon particles). Mooney viscosity, parameters of relaxation and vulcanization kinetics of rubber mixtures, tensile strength, elongation at break and resistance to thermal aging, abrasion resistance and compression of filled rubbers based on butadiene-acrylonitrile were carried out. Except for the identified characteristics, crosslink parameters by the method of equilibrium swelling were determined. It was found that the introduction of the ultrasonically pretreated, superfine carbon additives to elastomeric compositions based on butadiene-acrylonitrile rubber led to rubber with improved thermo-oxidative and wear resistance in comparison to rubbers containing untreated additives.

Mechanical and Antifrictional Properties of Elastomeric Composites Based on a Rubber for Sealing Elements

The tribomechanical functionality of a layered elastomeric composite in the form of a rubber substrate with a thin, nanoscale-thickness carbon (diamond-like) coating deposited on it was investigated. By the methods of dynamic contact indentation and tribotesting, it is established that, with increase in coating thickness, the Shore A hardness, viscosity, and relaxation time of the composite increase if the static and sliding friction coefficients decrease. The coating changes the classic wear mechanism of rubber from destruction by rolling down towards the less intense fatigue wear, which is characteristic of materials with a low friction coefficient. By calculating, it is shown that a change in coating thickness leads to a significant change in its stiffness from an insignificant flexural stiffness of membrane at h = 22 nm (in this case, the distribution of displacements practically coincides with deflection of an elastic half-space) to that of an almost nondeformable plate at h = 180 nm.

Properties of elastomeric composition filled with ground vulcanizate

Recycling rubber waste and improving of the efficiency of the secondary elastomeric materials use is an important technical and economic challenge. Vulcanized rubber waste is the most difficult to recycle. One of the promising ways of recycling waste vulcanized rubber is their grinding and subsequent use of the obtained powder as a filler in elastomeric compositions. The influence of the nature of ground vulcanizate (GV) on the properties of elastomeric compositions based on nitrile-butadiene rubber is studied in the paper. GV of two types are used for the investigation. The first type is tire based on non-polar rubbers of general purpose. The second type is obtained from wastes of production of industrial rubber article (IRA) based on polar nitrile-butadiene rubber. Particle size of GV’s fraction used in study is 0.63–1.00 mm. GV was input in unfilled model composition based on nitrile-butadiene rubber in dosages 50, 100, 150 and 200 phr. It is found that Mooney viscosity of the elastomeric compositions filled with GV of IRA wastes increases more than using the tire GV. The rate of stress relaxation in the uncured compositions are not depend on the nature of GV. The cure optimum of the composition containing GV-based on polar rubber smaller than GV based on general purpose rubbers is used. The influence of the ground rubber type and dosage on the cure network structure are investigated. the density of cross-linking of the vulcanizates decreases with increasing dosage GV. Vulcanizates filled with GV derived from IRA have higher cross-linking density than those containing tire GV.

Some Properties of Elastomeric Compositions with High-disperse Carbon Additives

The influence of a carbon nanomaterial obtained in a high-voltage discharge plasma on the endurance of elastomer compositions has been investigated. Complex tests of elastomeric compositions with highly dispersed carbon additives allowed us to confirm the model of nonlinear elastic deformation of macromolecules and adhesion between the elastomer and the nanoparticles. The results of these investigations agree with those obtained in determining the Mooney viscosity and relaxation, the parameters of the vulcanization kinetics of rubber mix, conventional tensile strength, and relative breaking elongation of highly filled rubbers based on butadiene-nitrile caoutchoucs. To verify the assumed mechanism underlying the action of a carbon nanomaterial on elastomer compositions, the parameters of their vulcanizing network have been determined using the method of equilibrium swelling.

Assessing the Properties of Elastomer Composites Filled with Hybrid Filler

Assessing the Properties of Elastomer Composites Filled with Hybrid Filler

An Investigation of Conductive Carbon Black of the OMCARB Series. Part 2: The Properties of Elastomer Composites

An Investigation of Conductive Carbon Black of the OMCARB Series. Part 2: The Properties of Elastomer Composites

Effect of inclusion size on the mechanical properties of elastomeric composites

Effect of inclusion size on the mechanical properties of elastomeric composites

Thermal decomposition behavior and mechanical properties of elastomeric composites based on polyolefinic thermoplastic elastomer and organomontmorillonite

The elastomeric composites based on organomontmorillonite (OMMT) and Santoprene thermoplastic elastomer were prepared by melt processing. Maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (PP-g-MA) was used as a compatibilizer for the composite system. By adding optimum content of PP-g-MA, the fracture surface of the composites observed by SEM was smoothened as a result from compatibilizing effect. From XRD results, the measured d-spacing data proved a good dispersion of nanoclay along with compatibilizer. Thermal decomposition behavior of the neat components and its composites obtained from simultaneous TG and DSC profiles indicated that the incorporation of OMMT into the matrix polymer improved the thermal stability in air but not in nitrogen. No significant change in thermal stability of the composites with addition of PP-g-MA. The incorporation of clay significantly enhanced in dynamic mechanical and tensile properties of the composites. The dynamic storage modulus, tensile modulus and yield stress of the composites with the presence of PP-g-MA were remarkably improved.

Studying the Properties of Elastomeric Composites of SKI-3 Isoprene Rubber and Chlorine-Containing Butyl Rubber

Studying the Properties of Elastomeric Composites of SKI-3 Isoprene Rubber and Chlorine-Containing Butyl Rubber

Investigation of Electrical Properties of Elastomer Composites Filled with TiB2

The volume resistivity (ρv) of natural rubber (NR) and nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR)-based composites filled with different amounts of titanium diboride (TiB2) decreases with increasing filler concentration. Volume resistivity decreases with increasing pressure and temperature and there is no hysteresis loop formed. The conduction mechanism of the composites is interpreted by calculation of the activation energy (Ea) and hopping energy (Eh). The defined electrical properties classify the investigated samples as polymer composite semiconductors. The possibilities for real application of these composites as linear thermistors and transducers in pressure sensors are studied.

Chain Conformational Statistics and Mechanical Properties of Elastomer Composites

Chain Conformational Statistics and Mechanical Properties of Elastomer Composites

Effect of Elemental Graphite on the Properties of Elastomer Composites with Furnace Black

Effect of Elemental Graphite on the Properties of Elastomer Composites with Furnace Black