Adhesive Material Properties Research Articles

Effect of Macromolecular Architecture on Adhesion.

The behavior of single linear chains on a substrate is a well-studied area of polymer science. Herein, one of the most essential issues is the interaction of the chains with the substrate, which determines both macromolecular conformations near the substrate and adhesive properties of polymer materials. However, very little is known about the effect of macromolecular architecture on adhesion. In particular, there was no assessment of the effect of chain branching on the adhesion force. On the other hand, an essential progress in macromolecular chemistry allows the synthesis of various macromolecular architectures, including star-, comb-like, etc., in a very precise way. They are widely used in numerous applications. In particular, synthetic peptides are currently an integral part of many systems for biomedical purposes including bioglues, for which the adhesion force is a fundamental property. In this study, we conducted force experiments on the desorption of star-like pentapeptide chains from a solid substrate using an atomistic model of computer simulations. The cases of a linear chain and four- and eight-armed stars were considered. We have shown that the presence of branching enhances the adsorption strength under a fixed mass of the macromolecules. The force needed for chain desorption was shown to be linearly dependent on the branching degree.

Atomistic investigation of interface adherence mechanism of structural indenter nanocoining single crystal aluminum

The utilization of nanoimprint technology has become widespread in various industries. Nanocoining, a new type of nanoimprinting technology, is essentially graphic copying. Ensuring the indenter's accuracy and the transfer's integrity is crucial. Structured tool (ST)-metal workpiece interface commonly exists in adherence phenomenon during the nanoimprint. To reduce the adherence of workpieces in ST, it is remarkable to illustrate the adhesion mechanism. The molecular dynamic simulation model for indenting aluminum with a diamond ST indenter was established, and the influence of critical process parameters on adhesion, including the indenter geometry, indenter temperature, and indenter speed, was investigated. The results demonstrate that various factors significantly influence adhesion, including the van der Waals force, surface energy, temperature, mechanical embedding, diffusion, and holding stage. The mechanism of adhesion can be composed of three parts: the mechanical embedding caused by the large range of cavity filling of the indenter, the slow thermal diffusion and thermal migration of aluminum atoms along the indenter and the combined effect of thermal-tensile stress in the demolding process. The intensity of adhesion is affected by several factors, namely the degree of plastic deformation during loading and unloading, atomic thermal migration caused by system temperature, and the magnitude of tensile stress during the demolding stage. The geometry of the indenter exerts the most significant influence on the van der Waals force, surface energy, imprinting force, and unloading force. Additionally, the omission of the holding stage during processing contributes to a reduction in adhesion. This study provides atomic-level insights into the adhesive properties of metallic materials in the nanocoining process.

Shear bond strength evaluation of bioactive restorative materials on pretreated carious dentin-influence on silver diamine fluoride, potassium iodide, and glutathione.

Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) has gained popularity for its caries-arresting properties, yet its tendency to cause esthetic concerns due to black-staining limits its widespread acceptance. The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare the shear bond strength of Activa BioActive and Giomer restorative material with different protocols of SDF pretreatment on carious dentin. Ninety-two extracted teeth were decoronated at the cementoenamel junction, sectioned 1 mm into dentin, mounted in acrylic resin and randomly divided into four (n = 8) control and six (n = 10) experimental groups. Seventy-six samples underwent demineralization process for a period of 14 days for artificial carious dentin (ACD) formation. The samples categorized based on the dentin substrate (sound or ACD) were subjected to various SDF pretreatment protocols, i.e., only SDF, SDF with potassium iodide (KI), and SDF with glutathione (GSH). Further, bioactive restorative materials, i.e., Activa BioActive and Giomer (Beautifil II), were placed on it, and the samples were subjected to shear bond strength testing. Independent t-test was run to analyze the values obtained. Giomer exhibited better mean bond strength with SDF, SDF + KI, and SDF + GSH (6.56, 4.67, and 3.34 mega-pascals [MPa], respectively) compared to Activa BioActive (3.42, 3.27, and 2.96 MPa, respectively). This study contributes to understanding the interplay between SDF application protocols, esthetic concerns, and the adhesive properties of bioactive restorative materials. Giomer exhibited enhanced bond strength after SDF application, unlike Activa BioActive. In addition, incorporation of KI or GSH adversely affected the bond strength of both the restorative materials, underscoring the critical need for cautious clinical application. This study highlights the importance of selecting appropriate dentin pretreatment agents to maximize the bond strength of bioactive restorative materials with carious dentin. SDF application significantly enhanced the bond strength of Giomer with carious dentin compared to Activa BioActive, thus, making it a good choice for restoring nonesthetic areas. In addition, the application of KI or GSH to mitigate discoloration of carious dentin negatively affected the bond strength of both, Activa BioActive and Giomer. Thus, the clinicians should weigh the benefits of SDF against potential bond strength reductions when using KI or GSH, especially for esthetic restorations.

Thermally-responsive dismantlable adhesion system for steel plates using methacrylate copolymers containing a tert-butoxycarbonyl group

A drastic change in the bulk properties of adhesive materials as well as a reduction of interfacial interaction is an important key for the development of dismantlable adhesion systems, i.e., reliable bonding systems with a function of on-demand debonding. The deprotection of tert-butoxycarbonyloxy (BOC) groups included in adhesive polymers can be applied to the construction of a dismantlable adhesion system for steel plates combined with acrylic and epoxy adhesives. In this study, we evaluated the adhesive properties of the copolymers of 2-(tert-butoxycarbonyloxy)ethyl methacrylate (BHEMA), glycidyl methacrylate (GMA), and 3-trimethoxysilylpropyl methacrylate (SMA) for the dismantlable bonding of steel plate cold commercial (SPCC). Spontaneous dismantling of the SPCC adhesive structures was achieved after heat treatment under the conditions at 210 °C for 15 min when the BHEMA/GMA/SMA copolymers with an appropriate copolymer composition were used as the acrylic adhesives or the primers for epoxy adhesion. We discuss the interfacial interactions between the adherend and the adhesives for reliable adhesion and the effects of the deprotection of the BOC groups for dismantling to exhibit both an adhesion strength required for metal bonding and a rapid decrease in the strength by thermal stimulus.

Interfacial property determination from dynamic pendant-drop characterizations.

The properties of the interface between materials have practical implications in various fields, encompassing capillary action, foam and emulsion stability, adhesion properties of materials and mass and heat transfer processes. Studying the dynamics of interfaces is also fundamental for understanding intermolecular interactions, change of molecular conformations and molecular aggregations. Pendant-drop tensiometry and its extension, the oscillating drop method, are simple, versatile methods used to measure surface tension, interfacial tension and interfacial rheological properties. These methods can, however, generate unreliable results because of inadequate material preparation, an incorrect calibration method, inappropriate selection of data for analysis, neglect of optical influences or operating the system outside the linear viscoelastic regime. In addition, many studies fail to report accurate uncertainties. This protocol addresses all these critical points and provides detailed descriptions of some operation tips relating to purifying methods for different kinds of material, the time frame for analyzing measurement data, the correction method for optical effects, implementation of the oscillating method with a common programmable pump and remedies for some common problems encountered during the measurement. Examples of interfacial tension measurements for two- and three-phase systems, as well as interfacial dilational modulus measurements for N2 and surfactant solutions, are provided to illustrate procedural details and results. A single measurement takes minutes to hours to complete, while the entire protocol, including the leak test, cleaning, repeated measurements and data analysis, may take several days.

Bond-slip models on interfacial behavior between Fe-SMA and steel in hygrothermal environments

Strengthening the existing steel structures to enhance performance can prolong their service life and reduce carbon emissions. Previous studies have employed iron-based shape memory alloy (Fe-SMA) to adhesively and actively retrofit long-span steel bridges in practice, achieving satisfactory repair efficiency. Nonetheless, concerns persist regarding the long-term performance of Fe-SMA-bonded parent structures, principally stemming from the performance degradation of the adhesives in hygrothermal environments. In this study, the damage evolution and debonding mechanisms of Fe-SMA/steel single-lap joints (SLJs) in hygrothermal environments are investigated through 54 lap-shear tests. The evolutionary process of Fe-SMA strain and shear stress within the overlapping zone is assessed, varying with aging time and adhesive type under shear load. Furthermore, the bond-slip models of the Fe-SMA/steel SLJs are put forward, which change with the aforementioned influencing factors in hygrothermal environments. The lap-shear tests demonstrate that the ultimate shear stress of SLJs is transmitted approximately up to 50 mm away from the initial end, with shear stress developing swiftly towards the free end during this phase. In hygrothermal environments, the effective overlapping length of the SLJs is highly contingent on the material properties of adhesives, improving with the prolonged aging time. This study proposes bond-slip models that describe the interfacial performance between Fe-SMA and steel, accounting for the detrimental influence of temperature, humidity, plastic deformation of components and strain relaxation. The experimental outcomes can guide the analysis of the debonding characteristics of Fe-SMA-bonded structures, and the theoretical study can provide reliable predictions for the service performance of reinforcement systems in hygrothermal environments.

Experimental study on bond behavior between wet lay-up CFRP and corroded steel plates

Corrosion of steel in marine environments is a major safety concern for marine steel structures throughout their service lives. Strengthening these corrosion-damaged structures with carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) shows great potential for extending their service lives. However, the bond behavior between CFRP and corroded steel, especially the influence from adhesive properties and corrosion degree, has not been fully understood. This paper therefore presents the results of a comprehensive experimental study on the bond behavior between wet lay-up CFRP and corroded Q355B steel plates. Tensile tests on double-lap CFRP-to-steel joint specimens with different bonded lengths, adhesives and corrosion durations were then conducted. The failure modes, load-displacement curves, strain and local shear stress distributions, effective bond lengths, and bond-slip relationships of the test joint specimens were investigated in detail. The result showed that the influence of corrosion on the CFRP-to-steel bond performance varied depending on the failure modes resulting from the material properties of adhesives. However, corrosion has insignificant influence on the general patterns of load-displacement curves, strain distribution, local shear stress distribution, local bond-slip curves with same adhesives. When failure occurred in the adhesive or the steel-adhesive interface, the corrosion tended to have a more accentuated effect on the bond performance.

UV-Curable Silicone-Modified Polyurethane Acrylates for Food Freshness Monitoring

Intelligent materials for monitoring the condition of the packaged food or its surroundings are highly desired to ensure food safety. In this paper, UV-curable silicone-modified materials for monitoring the freshness of high-protein food such as shrimp and pork were prepared from polyurethane acrylates with covalent-grafted neutral red groups and thiol silicone resin. The UV-curable materials exhibited visible pH-sensitive performance and long-term color stability because their color did not change when they were immersed in aqueous solutions with different pH values for 20 min, and the color remained even when they were immersed for over 5 h. The distinctive color variation in the UV coatings makes them suitable as potential pH-sensitive sensors. These pH-sensitive intelligent materials can be applied to monitor the freshness of high-protein food such as shrimp and pork. Additionally, the thermal stability and adhesive properties of the UV-curable materials were also studied. A conclusion can be drawn that the covalent bonding of neutral red groups onto a silicone-modified polymer matrix is an ideal strategy for developing pH-sensitive intelligent materials with good pH stability for monitoring the freshness of high-protein food.

A conductive and anti-freezing gelatin-PAA-based organic hydrogel (PC-OH) with high adhesion and self-healing activities for wearable electronics

In the realm of flexible wearable electronics and interactive technologies, the adhesive and touch-sensing properties of materials play a crucial role, especially soft ionic conductors. However, these materials face several challenges in practical application, including structural damage, loss of functionality, and device stratification, particularly in extreme environments. To address this, a novel multifunctional organic hydrogel, termed PC-OH, was designed and prepared to enhance its performance. The hydrogel exhibits self-adhesion, self-healing, anti-freezing, anti-drying, and conductive capabilities. It demonstrates outstanding self-adhesive properties on skin surfaces under air (approximately 967 J/m2) or underwater (approximately 428 J/m2) conditions, with high transparency (visible light transmittance of 87 %), anti-freezing capability (−60 °C), anti-drying capability (60 °C), rapid self-healing in air or water (within 4 s), long-term stability over a wide temperature range (−20 °C to 60 °C for up to 7 days), high extensibility (up to ∼1700 % at 60 °C and ∼1200 % at −20 °C), and conductivity over a broad temperature range (ionic conductivity of 1.93 S m−1 at 60 °C and 3.13 × 10-3 S m−1 at −30 °C). Based on these properties of PC-OH hydrogel, we constructed a capacitive touch system to demonstrate its practical application. The touch panel features high stretchability, transparency, anti-freezing, anti-dehydration, self-healing, and self-adhesive human–machine interface capabilities, enabling integration with the skin under abnormal temperature and humidity conditions. Tasks such as writing text, drawing graphics, and playing electronic games validated the significant potential of the hydrogel in touch panels, providing a solution to long-standing issues of adhesion and tactile sensing.

Research and improvement of cyanoacrylate on bonding properties of silicone adhesive material

Cyanoacrylate adhesives represent the earliest discovered and most widely utilized adhesives known to date, boasting exceptional bonding properties such as the ability to cure at room temperature, rapid curing rates, and strong adhesion. However, shortcomings persist in practical applications, notably in addressing inert materials like silicone that pose challenges for ideal adhesion. To enhance the bonding performance of cyanate ester adhesives with silicone materials, this study delves into two aspects: modifying cyanate esters and pre-treating silicone surfaces to reduce surface energy. Following internal modifications, the maximum bonding strength to silicone sheets reached 2.33 MPa, while pre-treating the silicone substrate surface enabled a maximum bonding strength of 6.10 MPa. Utilizing SEM, ATR, EDS, and other analytical techniques, the mechanisms behind the improvement in silicone substrate bonding strength are characterized, revealing changes in properties pre- and post-treatment. This research paves a novel path and direction for future scientific investigations and advancements in adhesive formulation and enhancement.

Adhesive Strength in the Structure of Composite Materials Based on Organic Raw Materials

This article discusses issues related to correcting the adhesive properties of composite materials based on organic waste and expanded polystyrene. The theoretical prerequisites for the formation of the structure of materials based on organic raw materials are determined. An average series of binders has been established as the adhesive strength with vegetable filler increases. The results of determining the adhesive strength of polystyrene foam in the structure of the composite material are presented. In order to increase the hydrophilicity of polystyrene foam, such binders as polyvinyl acetate emulsion, liquid glass, and acrylic latex were used in research. Analysis of the results obtained allows us to evaluate the effectiveness of the binder and determine the optimal type of filler in the composition of the composite material, based on the values of the shear strength. As a result, it was found that the introduction of expanded polystyrene into the composition of a composite material based on organic raw materials makes it possible to reduce the consumption of the binder by 82–87% due to its treatment with an aqueous solution of dimethyl ketone and providing it with adhesive ability. Thus, it is possible to significantly increase the share of organic waste used in the production of building materials, increasing the efficiency of their processing and disposal.

Thermophysical and adhesive properties of functional polymer materials based on epoxy resin and silicon-containing component

The work was aimed at developing an adhesive formulation with increased adhesive strength for metals. It contains an epoxy resin of the bisphenol type СHS-TROXY 520 (an analogue of ED-20), an amine hardener triethanolamine (TEA) and a silicon-containing component (3-isocyanatopropyl)triethoxysilane, designated as NCO-Si, with an optimal ratio of components. The content of NCO-Si in the formulations was 0.5, 1.0, 3.0 and 5.0 wt. %, respectively. The gradual transformation of the epoxy system into a three-dimensional network with the formation of ester and urethane groups was shown by IR spectroscopy method. Tensile and shear strength were determined using the tearing machine R-50 in accordance with current standards. It was found that the maximum values of physical and mechanical parameters were obtained when the amount of NCO-Si was 3 wt. %. The maximum values of adhesion strength to steel substrates δst. = 58.5 MPa significantly exceed those for neat epoxy formulations. The shear strength values for steel plates τst. = 21 MPa increase by 60 %, for aluminium plates they are δAl =14.5 MPa and increase by 48 %. The morphology of the samples has been studied by means of optical microscopy. It is shown that the modified NCO-Si samples are characterised by a phase-separated structure. At a minimum amount of NCO-Si (0.5 wt. %), structurally disordered spherical domains with a size of ~1÷3 μm are observed, an increase in the content of the organosilicon component leads to the formation of interconnected regular structures, which are less pronounced at 1.0 wt. % of NCO-Si and clear at 3.0 and 5.0 wt. % of NCO-Si. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was performed as well. It is shown that the modification of epoxy resin by a silicon-containing component with NCO-Si groups leads to an improvement in thermophysical parameters, a decrease in internal stresses and the formation of a material with a structure close to equilibrium.

Porosity estimation of a micro-cracked adhesive interface by μCT scanning: comparison between experimentally measured effective stiffnesses and those predicted by an imperfect interface model

The presence of defects in adhesive materials influences the mechanical behaviour of bonded composite structures. Indeed, the initial defects in the adhesive joint damage the mechanical properties of the interface and reduce the mechanical strength of the structure.An in-depth study of the influence of initial porosity in the bonded joints on the mechanical properties of the rigid adhesive material has been experimentally measured. Different joint geometries are investigated by varying the thickness and the bonding area. A modified Arcan device is used to load the bonds in tension (initiation in Mode I). An imperfect interface model capable of considering the presence of initial diffuse cracks according to the Kachanov-Sevostianov material definition is then used to predict the mechanical properties of these adhesive joints. In this model, the presence of defects in the adhesive layer is described by an initial damage parameter: the porosity rate. Prior to testing, the porosity rates of the bonded joints are measured using μCT scans. Finally, the mechanical properties obtained experimentally are compared with those predicted by the imperfect interface model.

Tactile corpuscle-inspired piezoresistive sensors based on (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane-enhanced CNPs/carboxylated MWCNTs/cellulosic fiber composites for textile electronics

Recently, wearable electronic products and gadgets have developed quickly with the aim of catching up to or perhaps surpassing the ability of human skin to perceive information from the external world, such as pressure and strain. In this study, by first treating the cellulosic fiber (modal textile) substrate with (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES) and then covering it with conductive nanocomposites, a bionic corpuscle layer is produced. The sandwich structure of tactile corpuscle-inspired bionic (TCB) piezoresistive sensors created with the layer-by-layer (LBL) technology consists of a pressure-sensitive module (a bionic corpuscle), interdigital electrodes (a bionic sensory nerve), and a PU membrane (a bionic epidermis). The synergistic mechanism of hydrogen bond and coupling agent helps to improve the adhesive properties of conductive materials, and thus improve the pressure sensitive properties. The TCB sensor possesses favorable sensitivity (1.0005 kPa−1), a wide linear sensing range (1700 kPa), and a rapid response time (40 ms). The sensor is expected to be applied in a wide range of possible applications including human movement tracking, wearable detection system, and textile electronics.

Mechanical Properties of PMMA and PLA Modified Epoxy Resins

Last years research in polymers registered an increase of interest regarding polymer mixtures aiming to obtain materials with properties of the mixed polymers. In this respect many studies are pointing the mixtures between a thermoset polymer and a thermoplastic polymer. It is known the fact that thermoplastic polymers are much more malleable than the thermoset ones and the goal is to obtain a mixture with the general properties of the thermoset polymer and with a machining ability proper to the thermoset polymer. The vitrimers are this type of polymers and, some of them, can be obtained by mixing polymers form the two categories. This study is about using solutions of two thermoset polymers to modify the basic properties of three epoxy resins. The results show that the presence of PMMA, respectively, PLA inside the epoxy resin matrix determines changes of the mechanical properties of the formed materials. Without analysing the adhesive properties of new materials is hard to decide about their value from the composites applications point of view.

Optimisation of bonded and hybrid step lap joints of thick carbon fibre/epoxy panels used in aircraft structures

The use of composite materials is widely spread across the Aerospace sector. Scarf and step lap joints are amongst the most commonly used methods for flush joint repairs; they restore original stiffness and nearly original strength. Prior investigations conducted by the authors have shown that bonded and hybrid step lap joints have superior static strength capabilities than bolted joints. Hybrid step lap joints have shown the highest fatigue resistance than its bolted and bonded counterparts. This investigation aims at optimising the previous step lap joint design containing five steps with a 90 mm long overlap length in order to improve joint efficiency. Four new step lap joint configurations are considered based on a parametric study conducted using Abaqus; two of which contain seven steps and a 130 mm long overlap (bonded and hybrid) whilst the other two contain six steps and a 105 mm long overlap (bonded and hybrid) with a tapered outer step region. Experimental tests right through to numerical modelling using three-dimensional (3D) finite element (FE) models have been investigated. Adhesive non-linear material properties, fastener contacts and friction forces were all included in the 3D FE models. The Multicontinuum Theory (MCT) is used to simulate the progressive failure process and determine the stress states in the four configurations. Overall the FE models are able to accurately predict the bonded and hybrid joint strengths and highlights the importance of not only optimising the number of steps and their lengths but also the individual step heights. This is a parameter which has often been overlooked by fellow researchers. Experimental results showed that all four step lap joint configurations have significant improvement under static and fatigue load cases; the greatest improvement is seen in the two bonded step lap joint configurations. Overall the hybrid joint configuration consistently outperformed the bonded joint configurations. The presence of fasteners supress crack propagation, minimise peak peeling stresses at the ends of the overlap and increase the durability of the joint. This enables early crack detection which can assist composite joint repair certification.

Tensile and Shear Creep Behavior of Structural Adhesives: Experiments and Modeling

Structural adhesives characterized a turning point in the post-connection of structural elements due to their excellent performances and ability to transfer stress without losing their integrity. These materials are typically particle-reinforced composites made by a thermoset polymer matrix and fillers. During the in-situ application of this material, the thermal activation of the polymer is typically not possible, leading to an undefined degree of cure and therefore to a variation of the mechanical performance over time. This altering means that after applying a sustained load on a bonded anchor system installed at regular temperature, the adhesive changes material properties. Ample studies convince that the progressive increase of the degree of cure of the thermosetting polymer leads to higher strength and stiffness. However, limited studies have been dedicated to the post-curing effects on the long-term behavior. The main goal of this work is to investigate the tensile and shear creep behavior of two commercially available structural adhesives and the influence of curing conditions on their long-term performances. An extensive experimental campaign comprising short and long-term characterizations has been carried out on specimens subjected to three different curing and post-curing protocols, with the scope of imitating relevant in-situ conditions. The results demonstrate that structural adhesives cured at higher temperatures are less subjected to creep deformations. As a material equation, the generalized Kelvin model is utilized to fit the tensile and shear creep data, and two continuous creep spectra have been selected to represent the creep behavior and facilitate extrapolations to the long-term behavior.

Effect of laser cleaning on adhesive properties of carbon fiber composite materials

A pulsed fiber laser was used to conduct laser cleaning experiments on the composite paint layer on the surface of carbon fiber composite materials (carbon fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP)). The influence of laser energy density and laser travel speed on the cleaning effect was studied. The surface morphology, surface roughness and phase composition of the cleaned sample were analyzed. After bonding, tensile testing was conducted on the bonding part to verify the impact of laser cleaning on the bonding performance. The research results indicate that the cleaning effect gradually improves with the increase of laser energy density or the decrease of travel speed. In this experiment, when the laser energy density is 4.00[Formula: see text]J/cm2 and the travel speed is 6.5[Formula: see text]mm/s, the phase composition of the cleaned substrate surface is only C, without TiO2 and BaSO4. This indicates that the paint layer has been completely removed under this process parameter. By selecting reasonable process parameters, the surface paint layer of CFRP can be effectively removed, and a good surface morphology can be obtained without damage to the carbon fiber. Meanwhile, the mechanical properties after bonding can be improved.

Seismic protection of artefacts with adhesives and base-isolation

Artefacts in museums, galleries, and private collections have great cultural value. In regions with high seismicity, earthquake shaking can pose significant risk of irreversible damage to such pieces. Various seismic protection methods have been proposed in the past for different types of artefacts. This study investigates one of the commonly used methods in New Zealand which consists in applying adhesives to anchor relatively small artefacts. Guidance is provided to determine the size and number of adhesives required for an artefact to survive design-level earthquake shaking. In addition, for large objects where adhesives alone are insufficient, a simple cost-effective base-isolation platform is proposed to reduce the seismic vulnerability of the artefacts. This platform is designed such that it can be assembled and positioned by museum conservators or private collectors. The adhesive material properties are determined through direct tension and shear experimental tests. The friction properties of the base-isolated substrate are determined through unidirectional quasi-static and cyclic load tests. Performance of the proposed methodology is gauged by subjecting the artefacts to shake table testing using a recorded earthquake motion. Results suggest that the recommended seismic protection solution performs as expected.

The science and mechanics of adhesion: An industrial view.

Undoubtedly, adhesion is one of the broadest terms in science and technology used to describe several bulk and interface related phenomena. While the thermodynamic work of adhesion is determined by contacting surfaces and their intrinsic surface energetics, it is important to understand how adhesive properties of materials are additionally governed and amplified by their dissipative rate processes in the bulk or near the interface as they go through large strains and deformation. Systematic review of the literature showed that the involved interfacial mechanisms were grouped into several categories ranging from micromechanical interlocking to molecular interdiffusion of surface constituents, a characteristic of most polymeric systems. This paper addressed the static and dynamic contributions to the adhesion energy and discussed its relation to microstructure and surface architecture in pressure sensitive and fracture in structural adhesives. While the focus was on industrial view of adhesion, parallels in adhesive dentistry were given where connections between adhesion, boundary geometry/compliance, shrinkage stress, material model, joint design, retention, and interfacial curing were made. Adhesion science and mechanics are complex multi-disciplinary fields involving surfaces, substrates, and loading system involving a broad range of mechanisms applicable to dentistry.