Proper Space Research Articles

Accommodation Building Designing for Construction Labor Basic Life Quality Promoting

Since the problem in temporary accommodation for construction labor about space and building for supporting basic living, these are composed as bedding, toilet and showering, cafeteria and sanitation management. These always be necessity facility for life quality of construction labor in Thailand. However, there are the inadequate of designing for space building including facility usage that takes the bad condition of facility usage safety and hygiene. This paper aims to design and show properness of spaces and building in camp site. By questionnaires for 300 sample labors from 3 property construction project in Chonburi. Data were composed as daily activities and need of facilities and analyzed by zone of space. The result showed that proper space and building of camp site were provided as 15 m2 / 1 labor. These space were separated as the space of accommodation for 0.85 m2, sanitation for 1.50 m2, emergency for 1.25 m2, travelling for 1 m2, recreation and retail for 1.25 m2 and open space for 5.40 m2. All content about spaces of camp site were designed as layout of space and building concretely by program sketch up version 8.0. While discussing with various studies and provision about building and facilities for living, it found that there were both agreed and opposed.

Analysis on Effects of Joint Spacing on the Performance of Jointed Plain Concrete Pavements Based on Long-Term Pavement Performance Database.

With the day-night temperature and moisture levels changing every day, expansion and shrinkage of concrete slabs is always occurring; therefore, joints provide extra room for concrete slab deformation. The joint spacing in jointed plain concrete pavement (JPCP) is continuously affecting long-term pavement behaviors. In this study, data from the Long-Term Pavement Performance (LTPP) program were analyzed, and the behaviors of JPCP with different joint spacings were compared to discover the joint spacing effects. Since LTPP has an enormous database, three representative sections located in different states were selected for analysis, where the variable factors such as temperature, moisture, and average annual daily truck traffic (AADTT) were almost the same between the three sections. Three different joint spacings, including 15 ft (4.5 m), 20 ft (6 m), and 25 ft (7.5 m), were compared based on the collected LTPP data. The involved long-term pavement performances, such as average transverse cracking (count), average JPCP faulting, international roughness index (IRI), and falling weight deflectometer (FWD) deflections were compared between JPCP with different joint spacings. Based on the comparative analysis, the JPCP constructed with a 15 ft joint spacing demonstrated the best long-term performance. It showed no transverse cracking, the lowest average JPCP faulting, the best IRI value, and the smallest FWD deflection during the entire in-service period. With proper joint spacing, the cost of road maintenance throughout the life cycle could be significantly reduced due to there being less distress. Therefore, it is recommended to optimize the joint spacing to about 15 ft in JPCP in future applications.

Study on stress and motor fitness ability among married and unmarried soccer players

Objective: The present study was designed to compare stress and motor fitness ability among married and unmarried soccer players. Methodology: A cross sectional study was consisting of 60 tribal male subjects namely married soccer players (n = 30) and unmarried soccer players (n = 30) selected from football coaching camp of Bankura and Purulia District of West Bengal, India. The age of the subjects were ranging from 21 to 27 years. Further, descriptive statistics, and‘t’ test applied to assess and compare the stress and motor fitness variables between the selected group of subjects. Result: Statistically, there was significant difference found on stress (‘t’= 27.34) between married and unmarried soccer players. Whereas, there was no significant difference found between married and unmarried soccer players on their motor fitness variables i.e. Explosive leg strength (‘t’ = 14.89), Shoulder muscle strength (‘t’= 1.26), Agility (‘t’ = 22.43) respectively. Conclusion: Findings established of the present study, it was concluded that Married and Unmarried both soccer players were involved in same type of activity in training session. Poor families’ subjects are not given proper free space for their personal bringing like family support to play the game and nutritional needs. For these causes the stress level was more than Unmarried soccer players.

Logarithmic Gromov–Witten theory with expansions

We construct a version of relative Gromov-Witten theory with expanded degenerations in the normal crossings setting and establish a degeneration formula for the resulting invariants. Given a simple normal crossings pair $(X,D)$, we construct virtually smooth and proper moduli spaces of curves in $X$ with prescribed boundary conditions along $D$. Each point in such a moduli space parameterizes maps from nodal curves to expanded degenerations of $X$ that are dimensionally transverse to the strata. We use the expanded formalism to reconstruct the virtual class attached to a tropical map in terms of spaces of maps to expansions attached to the vertices.

A Write-Related and Read-Related DRAM Allocation Strategy Inside Solid-State Drives (SSDs)

Although NAND flash memory has the advantages of small size, low-power consumption, shock resistance, and fast access speed, NAND flash memory still faces the problems of “out-of-place updates,” “garbage collection,” and “unbalanced execution time” due to its hardware limitations. Usually, a flash translation layer (FTL) can maintain the mapping cache (in limited DRAM space) to store the frequently accessed address mapping for “out-of-place updates” and maintain the read/write buffer (in limited DRAM space) to store the frequently accessed data for “garbage collection” and “unbalanced execution time”. In this article, we will propose a write-related and read-related DRAM allocation strategy inside solid-state drives (SSDs). The design idea behind the write-related DRAM allocation method is to calculate the suitable DRAM allocation for the write buffer and the write mapping cache by building a statistical model with a minimum expected value of writes for NAND flash memory. To further reduce reads in NAND flash memory, the design idea behind the read-related DRAM allocation method is to adopt a cost-benefit policy to reallocate the proper DRAM space from the write buffer and the write mapping cache to the read buffer and the read mapping cache, respectively. According to the experimental results, we can demonstrate that the proposed write-related and read-related DRAM allocation strategy can reduce more reads/writes in NAND flash memory than other methods to improve the response time.

Principal eigenvalue problem for infinity Laplacian in metric spaces

Abstract This article is concerned with the Dirichlet eigenvalue problem associated with the ∞ \infty -Laplacian in metric spaces. We establish a direct partial differential equation approach to find the principal eigenvalue and eigenfunctions in a proper geodesic space without assuming any measure structure. We provide an appropriate notion of solutions to the ∞ \infty -eigenvalue problem and show the existence of solutions by adapting Perron’s method. Our method is different from the standard limit process via the variational eigenvalue formulation for p p -Laplacian in the Euclidean space.

Some remarks on proper actions, proper metric spaces, and buildings

Abstract We discuss various aspects of isometric group actions on proper metric spaces. As one application, we show that a proper and Weyl transitive action on a euclidean building is strongly transitive on the maximal atlas (the complete apartment system) of the building.

Uniform Poincaré inequalities on measured metric spaces

Consider a proper geodesic metric space $(X,d)$ equipped with a Borel measure $\mu.$ We establish a family of uniform Poincar\'e inequalities on $(X,d,\mu)$ if it satisfies a local Poincar\'e inequality ($P_{loc}$) and a condition on growth of volume. Consequently if $\mu$ is doubling and supports $(P_{loc})$ then it satisfies a $(\sigma,\beta,\sigma)$-Poincar\'e inequality. If $(X,d,\mu)$ is a $\delta$-hyperbolic space then using the volume comparison theorem in \cite{BCS} we obtain a uniform Poincar\'e inequality with exponential growth of the Poincar\'e constant. If $X$ is the universal cover of a compact $CD(K,\infty)$ space then it supports a uniform Poincar\'e inequality and the Poincar\'e constant depends on the growth of the fundamental group.

Experimental and Numerical Study of Flexural Stiffness Performance of Ultra-Thin, Prefabricated, and Laminated Slab Base Slabs

To study the effects of different parameters on the short-term stiffness and cracking load of precast laminated base slabs, static loading experiments were conducted on five base slabs to obtain their damage patterns, stiffness changes, and deflection. The parametric research on the base slab’s short-term stiffness and cracking load was followed by changing the parameters, such as the truss height, truss spacing, and base slab thickness, using finite element refinement modeling based on test cases. The results show: (1) the ductility, short-term stiffness, and cracking load of the base slab can be significantly improved by reducing the truss spacing, and its short-term stiffness and cracking load with the 300 mm truss spacing are relatively improved by comparing to the 60 mm one; (2) increasing the height of truss improves the short-term stiffness, cracking load, and ductility of base slab; however, the improvements decrease with the increase of truss height. With consideration of the cost and construction requirements, the proper truss spacing is provided.

An Unrealized Vision: The "American Jewish Historical Exhibition" of 1901–1902

An Unrealized Vision:The "American Jewish Historical Exhibition" of 1901–19021 Jeffrey Shandler (bio) On June 27, 1901, the New York Times reported on "A Jewish Exhibition," planned to be presented "in this city during the Winter of 1901 and 1902" by the American Jewish Historical Society (AJHS), founded as a learned society in 1892. The committee appointed by AJHS to oversee the planning of the exhibition included "many prominent persons," among them Oscar Straus, Max Kohler, and Joseph Jacobs, all of New York; Mayer Sulzberger of Philadelphia; and others based in Baltimore, Chicago, Cincinnati, Galveston, and San Francisco. Presiding over the committee was Cyrus Adler, a librarian at the Smithsonian Institution and a leading figure in several American Jewish institutions, including AJHS. The New York Times article mentioned some of the items that AJHS intended to display, singling out "Columbus's earliest records of [the] discovery [of America] written to Jews in Spain" and "[George] Washington's letters to Jews." The extensive, wide-ranging scope envisioned for this exhibition was evinced by plans to show "a collection of all books written by the Jews of America or pertaining to American Judaism." Also, alongside objects relating the long history of Jews' presence in America, "it has been determined to give Jews from Germany and Russia"—that is, immigrants who would have arrived in the United States within the preceding half-century or so (and, in the case of Jews from the Russian Empire, were then coming to America at an unprecedented rate)—their "proper space." In addition to objects pertaining specifically to Jewish life in America, the display would also include "an international exhibit of things pertaining to ecclesiastical art and to Jewish antiquities."2 The proposed exhibition would be the first of its kind in the United States. Indeed, until that date, public exhibitions of Jewish material culture anywhere had been very limited. Two major exhibitions had been presented in Europe during the previous century: a display of the [End Page 367] Judaica collection of composer Isaac Strauss at the 1878 Exposition Universelle in Paris and the Anglo-Jewish Historical Exhibition, which had been mounted in London's Royal Albert Hall for three months in 1887. Jewish ceremonial objects had also been included in larger displays on world religions at American world's fairs in several cities in the 1880s and 1890s. None of these exhibitions addressed the history of Jews in America. By the end of 1901, however, less than half a year after the announcement in the New York Times, AJHS leaders decided to postpone the exhibition for a year and to "extend the work of the society on…the question of the advisability of holding an American Jewish Historical Exhibition."3 By the end of 1902, AJHS decided to table plans for the exhibition indefinitely, and the organization never pursued the exhibition further. Despite it being an unrealized project, the proposed American Jewish Historical Exhibition offers insights into the developing notion of placing Jewish items on public view as a new Jewish cultural practice. The planned exhibition marked a threshold in identifying what might constitute American Jewish material culture and conceptualizing its significance both for Jews in the United States and for their Christian neighbors. Shortly after the first temporary displays of Jewish ceremonial objects, manuscripts, and other items had taken place in Europe and the United States during the final quarter of the nineteenth century, efforts to create institutionalized collections of these materials were inaugurated on both sides of the Atlantic. The turn of the twentieth century witnessed the opening of the first Jewish museum in Europe (in Vienna, in 1895) and the beginnings of the oldest Jewish museum in the United States (what eventually became the Jewish Museum of New York, in 1904). The exhibition envisioned by AJHS drew on some of these initiatives for inspiration, while addressing a particular focus on American Jewry. The records of this proposed project include discussions of what items to put on display and how to arrange them, as well as practical concerns regarding the exhibition's venue, promotion, and costs. Moreover, these discussions redounded to larger issues: the mission of AJHS as a learned society; how...

Asteroid spin-states of a 4 Gyr collisional family

Context. Families of asteroids generated by the collisional fragmentation of a common parent body have been identified using clustering methods of asteroids in their proper orbital element space. However, there is growing evidence that some of the real families are larger than the corresponding cluster of objects in orbital elements, and there are families that escaped identification by clustering methods. An alternative method has been developed in order to identify collisional families from the correlation between the asteroid fragment sizes and their proper semi-major axis distance from the family centre (V-shape). This method has been shown to be effective in the cases of the very diffuse families that formed billions of years ago. Aims. Here we use multiple techniques for observing asteroids to provide corroborating evidence that one of the groups of asteroids identified as a family from the correlation between size and proper semi-major axis of asteroids are real fragments of a common parent body, and thus form a collisional family. Methods. We obtained photometric observations of asteroids in order to construct their rotational light curves; we combine them with the literature light curves and sparse-in-time photometry; we input these data in the light curve inversion methods, which allow us to determine a convex approximation to the 3D shape of the asteroids and their orientation in space, from which we extract the latitude (or obliquity) of the spin pole in order to assess whether an object is prograde or retrograde. We included in the analysis spin pole solutions already published in the literature aiming to increase the statistical significance of our results. The ultimate goal is to assess whether we find an excess of retrograde asteroids on the inward side of the V-shape of a 4 Gyr asteroid family identified via the V-shape method. This excess of retrograde rotators is predicted by the theory of asteroid family evolution. Results. We obtained the latitude of the spin poles for 55 asteroids claimed to belong to a 4 Gyr collisional family of the inner main belt that consists of low-albedo asteroids. After re-evaluating the albedo and spectroscopic information, we found that nine of these asteroids are interlopers in the 4 Gyr family. Of the 46 remaining asteroids, 31 are found to be retrograde and 15 prograde. We also found that these retrograde rotators have a very low probability (1.29%) of being due to random sampling from an underlying uniform distribution of spin poles. Conclusions. Our results constitute corroborating evidence that the asteroids identified as members of a 4 Gyr collisional family have a common origin, thus strengthening their family membership.

Data-driven model for divertor plasma detachment prediction

We present a fast and accurate data-driven surrogate model for divertor plasma detachment prediction leveraging the latent feature space concept in machine learning research. Our approach involves constructing and training two neural networks: an autoencoder that finds a proper latent space representation (LSR) of plasma state by compressing the multi-modal diagnostic measurements and a forward model using multi-layer perception (MLP) that projects a set of plasma control parameters to its corresponding LSR. By combining the forward model and the decoder network from autoencoder, this new data-driven surrogate model is able to predict a consistent set of diagnostic measurements based on a few plasma control parameters. In order to ensure that the crucial detachment physics is correctly captured, highly efficient 1D UEDGE model is used to generate training and validation data in this study. The benchmark between the data-driven surrogate model and UEDGE simulations shows that our surrogate model is capable of providing accurate detachment prediction (usually within a few per cent relative error margin) but with at least four orders of magnitude speed-up, indicating that performance-wise, it has the potential to facilitate integrated tokamak design and plasma control. Comparing with the widely used two-point model and/or two-point model formatting, the new data-driven model features additional detachment front prediction and can be easily extended to incorporate richer physics. This study demonstrates that the complicated divertor and scrape-off-layer plasma state has a low-dimensional representation in latent space. Understanding plasma dynamics in latent space and utilising this knowledge could open a new path for plasma control in magnetic fusion energy research.

Viability and invariance of systems on metric spaces

We consider a generalized control system on a metric space and investigate necessary and sufficient conditions for viability and invariance of proper subsets, describing state constraints. Viability means that for every initial condition in the set of constraints we can find trajectories of control system starting at this condition and satisfying state constraints forever. Invariance means that every trajectory of control system starting in the set of constraints never violates them. As examples of application we consider controlled continuity equations on the metric space of Borel probability measures having compact support, endowed with the Wasserstein distance, and controlled morphological systems on the space of nonempty compacts subsets of the Euclidean space endowed with the Hausdorff metric. We also provide sufficient conditions for the existence and uniqueness of contingent solutions to the Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman equation on proper metric spaces.

Analysis of Factors Affecting Purchase Intention on Smart Portable Garden in Indonesia: PLUS Study Case

During mobility restrictions to prevent the COVID – 19, people tend to start new hobbies to eliminate boredom and one of the hobbies is urban farming. Refer to Amanda (2021), urban farming increase is represented by the increase of seed sales that reach five times during pandemic. According to the researcher’s preliminary survey, the newbie urban farmer hobbyists faced issues such as lack the time, knowledge, and proper space to do urban farming properly. Therefore, the researcher and team develop a portable smart garden that is supported by internet of things technology to solve the newbie urban farmer’s problem. Global market of the smart portable garden is growing but in Indonesia the similar products still not popular. Hence, research about purchase intentions toward smart portable gardens in Indonesia is conducted to grab the opportunity for related products in Indonesia. This research adapts the theories that project the customer purchase intention. Current research implements quantitative research methods through questionnaire distribution and analysis using PLS - SEM. Study result shows that purchase intention influenced by customer attitude, product pricing, perceived behavioural control, and environmentally conscious purchasing. Current research is expected to help entrepreneurs develop their businesses.

Maps on the Morse boundary

For a proper geodesic metric space, the Morse boundary focuses on the hyperbolic-like directions in the space. The Morse boundary is a quasi-isometry invariant. That is, a quasi-isometry between two spaces induces a homeomorphism on their Morse boundaries. In this paper, we investigate additional structures on the Morse boundary which determine the space up to a quasi-isometry. We prove that a homeomorphism between the Morse boundaries of two proper, cocompact spaces is induced by a quasi-isometry if and only if both the homeomorphism and its inverse are bihölder, or quasi-symmetric, or strongly quasi-conformal.

Alpha states demystified — towards microscopic models of AdS2 holography

We continue our study of factorizing theories of dilaton gravity, characterized by a universal bilocal interaction. All such factorizing theories can be shown to have discrete spectra, distinguished only by their local dilaton potentials. We show how such theories can be used to construct all alpha-states in the Hilbert space of baby universes of ordinary JT gravity. Large classes of these theories with different local potentials are found to be non-perturbatively equivalent and have identical discrete spectra. This is a concrete example of how different bulk descriptions can give rise to the same boundary theory. Such equivalences manifest themselves as null states, which have to be quotiented out in order to construct a proper baby universe Hilbert space. Our results also allow us to revisit the mechanism discussed by Coleman, Giddings and Strominger and concretely link ensemble averaging to the appearance or disappearance of spacetime wormholes.We then investigate JT gravity deformed only by the universal bilocal interaction. In this theory, the only terms that do not cancel in a topological expansion are disks, which capture perturbative fluctuations around a two-dimensional black hole saddle. We find that this theory of black holes has an evenly spaced spectrum, instead of a quantum chaotic one. We present a dual quantum mechanical system with exactly the same discrete spectrum, and propose that this is an example of a new holographic duality between a two-dimensional theory of quantum gravity and a conventional quantum mechanics.

An Intrinsic Characterization of Bruhat–Tits Buildings Inside Analytic Groups

Given a reductive group over a complete non-Archimedean field, it is well known that techniques from non-Archimedean analytic geometry provide an embedding of the corresponding Bruhat–Tits building into the analytic space associated with the group; by composing the embedding with maps to suitable analytic proper spaces, this eventually leads to various compactifications of the building. In the present paper, we give an intrinsic characterization of this embedding.

Effect of different land configurations and spacings on growth and yield of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) in scarce rainfall zone of Andhra Pradesh

The scarce rainfall zone of Andhra Pradesh faces problems of inadequate moisture availability and proper crop stand for successful crop production that results in partial or total failure of crop with occurrence of mild to severe drought. Therefore, adoption of proper spacings and proper land configurations are required in order to reduce yield losses. So, the purpose of this study is to find optimum spacing and suitable land configuration for maximizing the groundnut yield. A field experiment was conducted to study the performance of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) to different land configurations and spacings on sandy loam soils at College Farm, Agricultural College, Mahanandi during rabi, 2021-2022. The experiment was laid out in strip plot design with two factors each having four treatments and replicated thrice. The results revealed that the growth parameters viz., plant height, dry matter accumulation, LAI and number of branches were recorded higher with the land configurations corrugation, flat bed with crop compaction, ridges and furrows and flat bed with crop compaction, respectively. Spacing 30 x 10 cm recorded higher plant height, dry matter accumulation and LAI and higher number of branches were observed with 60 x 10 cm spacing. Among different interactions treatment combination ridge and furrow with 30 x 10 cm spacing, flat bed with crop compaction with 30 x 10 cm spacing, flat bed with crop compaction with 60 x 10 cm spacing has recorded higher plant height, dry matter accumulation, LAI and number of branches, respectively. Higher pod and haulm yields were observed with the land configuration flat bed with crop compaction and 30 x 10 cm spacing. Treatment combination flat bed with crop compaction and 30 x 10 cm spacing has recorded higher pod and haulm yields.

Local Systems on Diamonds and p-Adic Vector Bundles

Abstract We use Scholze’s framework of diamonds to gain new insights in correspondences between $p$-adic vector bundles and local systems. Such correspondences arise in the context of $p$-adic Simpson theory in the case of vanishing Higgs fields. In the present paper, we provide a detailed analysis of local systems on diamonds for the étale, pro-étale, and the $v$-topology and study the structure sheaves for all three topologies in question. Applied to proper adic spaces of finite type over $\mathbb {C}_p$, this enables us to prove a category equivalence between $\mathbb {C}_p$-local systems with integral models, and modules under the $v$-structure sheaf that modulo each $p^n$ can be trivialized on a proper cover. The flexibility of the $v$-topology together with a descent result on integral models of local systems allows us to prove that the trivializability condition in the module category may be checked on any normal proper cover. This result leads to an extension of the parallel transport theory by Deninger and the second author to vector bundles with numerically flat reduction on a proper normal cover. 2020 MSC: 14G45, 14G22, 11G25.

Classification of metric measure spaces and their ends using p-harmonic functions

By seeing whether a Liouville type theorem holds for positive, bounded, and/or finite \(p\)-energy \(p\)-harmonic and \(p\)-quasiharmonic functions, we classify proper metric spaces equipped with a locally doubling measure supporting a local \(p\)-Poincaré inequality. Similar classifications have earlier been obtained for Riemann surfaces and Riemannian manifolds. We study the inclusions between these classes of metric measure spaces, and their relationship to the \(p\)-hyperbolicity of the metric space and its ends. In particular, we characterize spaces that carry nonconstant \(p\)-harmonic functions with finite \(p\)-energy as spaces having at least two well-separated \(p\)-hyperbolic sequences of sets towards infinity. We also show that every such space \(X\) has a function \(f \notin L^p(X) + \mathbf{R}\) with finite \(p\)-energy.