Proper Education Research Articles

Cerebral Palsy: A Current Perspective.

Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common cause of motor disability in children. Insults to the brain at different times lead to diverse injuries. As a result, CP is an extremely heterogeneous clinical diagnosis, presenting differently in each individual and at various ages. With improving survival rates of preterm newborns, increasing active resuscitation of extremely preterm newborns, and widespread availability of extensive genetic testing soon after birth, it is imperative to focus on earlier diagnosis and long-term outcomes of CP. CP is primarily classified into 4 categories based on type of motor impairment, functional ability, distribution, and etiology. As the understanding of CP has evolved significantly in the last 2 decades, the methods of early detection of CP have consequently advanced. Appropriate diagnosis is essential for proper education and counseling of affected families, and introduction of therapeutic interventions as early as possible. In this review, we focus on early brain development and provide an overview of the etiology, classification, diagnosis, early therapeutic options, and prognosis of CP.

Development support as education aid or labor trade? South Korean nurses in West Germany (1965–1976)

Over 10,000 South Korean nurses were sent to West Germany in the 11-year period between 1965 and 1976. It is known that they were dispatched because of South Korea’s need for capital and expertise after the Korean War (1950–1953). To assist in this endeavor, West Germany helped South Korea through development support (educational aid). However, Korean nurses were not simply trainees since they had received a proper education and qualifications. Thus, this “educational aid” could critically be termed little more than “labor trade” because the highly educated nurses were forced to take work with lower wages than their background warranted.

Https://kiulj.kiu.ac.ug/assets/articles/1722434095_legal-frameworks-for-single-use-plastic-management-environmental-challenges-and-solutions.pdf

The use of polyethylene bags has been found to have more cons than pros. While it is a suitable choice of packaging for many, it contributes a lot to environmental pollution. Plastic bags contain harmful chemicals that when dumped, poisons the soil, water and everything in them. When incinerated, it is hazardous to the environment. Notwithstanding the hazard of plastic bags, it still remains the favorite choice of many, especially women in markets. This paper reviews the reasons for plastic bags being the women's favorite choice; which is largely connected to the economic living standard and long-term lifestyle of a large section of Nigerian women. The paper adopts the doctrinal methodology to consider the impact of plastic bags on the environment as well as human and animal life. Furthermore, the paper considers the role played by the environmental agencies and the existing laws and policies. It concludes by identifying a lack of awareness and proper education as a leading cause of the continued preference of plastic bags despite its multiple hazards. Finally, the paper recommends that a solution to the menace of plastic bags is to impose a ban on single-use plastic bags among others.

Early Marriage Phenomena in Pandemic Era at Luwu Utara, Indonesia

The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic has affected every aspect of life. Not only the decline in the economic situation, but it has also had an impact on the emergence of social problems such as the high rate of early marriage. Early marriage has been a scientific concern for a long time. However, scientific studies have not been able to reduce the rate of increase in the number of children marrying early. The loss of the rights of children who should receive proper education, play and the right to protection are forced to be “bound” in a marriage. The purpose of this article is to add references to solving the problem of early marriage which has been long problematic on an international, national and regional scale. This article discusses the objective conditions of early marriage during a pandemic and criticizes the implementation of strategies for preventing and handling cases of the early child marriage. The data in this study were taken from the main data in the form of in-depth interviews with competent informants. Additional data was taken from existing data at the related office in North Luwu Regency along with the news from online sites, became a reference in this article. This study establish that the number of early marriages has rising due to the widespread use of social networks and changes in daily activity patterns. For future studies, it is recommended to consider the determinant factors in different locations and in a wider scope.

Knowledge, Attitudes, and Beliefs about Vaccination as Perceived By Rural Residents in Surigao City

This descriptive quantitative research assessed the knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs on vaccination among the residents within the rurality of Barangay Rizal, Surigao City. The study used a validated researcher-made survey questionnaire that was also tested for reliability to ascertain the intended quantitative data. The respondents were selected through the purposive and quota sampling technique considering 100 maximum rural residents as respondents of the study. The frequency count and percentage revealed that most of the respondents were 18-24 years old, mostly female, mostly single, had achieved college level, and earning less than 9,100 pesos. Frequency Count, Mean, and Standard Deviation also revealed that most of the rural residents are less knowledgeable and have moderate levels of attitudes and beliefs about vaccination. The Analysis of Variance (AnOVa) and Pearson r revealed no significant associations between the residents’ profiles and the knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs about vaccination. Likewise, there was also no association and relationships between knowledge and attitudes and between attitudes and beliefs. Notably, there was a relationship between the residents’ knowledge and beliefs about vaccination. The study provided a broad overview of rural residents’ sentiments towards vaccination as well. It’s crucial to educate residents about the vaccine development process to address their concerns. They are cautious by observing the side effects of the vaccines before getting vaccinated. Barangay Health Workers should conduct stronger orientations or symposiums for the rural residents. Proper health education should be disseminated among these people through seminars or symposiums. Lastly, the staff or nurses of the rural health centers must provide accurate information and strengthen any advertisements or IEC materials for the wide dissemination of information. By providing brochures to provide clear and accurate information about vaccines.

Imaging overuse in the emergency department: The view of radiologists and emergency physicians

PurposeTo identify the perceived factors contributing to imaging overuse in the emergency department, according to radiologists and emergency physicians. MethodA survey study on imaging overuse in the emergency department was conducted among 66 radiologists and 425 emergency physicians. Five-point Likert scales (not a problem at all/strongly disagree [score 1] to very serious problem/strongly agree [score 5]) were used to score the various aspects of overimaging. ResultsBoth radiologists and emergency physicians gave a median score of 4 to the question if imaging overuse is a problem in their emergency department. CT accounts for the vast majority of imaging overuse, according to both radiologists (84.8%) and emergency physicians (75.3%). Defensive medicine/fear of malpractice, the presence of less experienced staff, and easy access to imaging all were given a median score of 4 as factors that influence imaging overuse, by both physician groups. Median ratings regarding the influence of pressure from patients and a lack of time to examine patients on imaging overuse varied between 3 and 4 for radiologists and emergency physicians. Pressure from consultants to perform imaging, the use of imaging to decrease turnaround time in the emergency department, a lack of space in the emergency department, a lack of proper medical education, and inability to access outside imaging studies, were also indicated to give rise to imaging overuse. ConclusionsImaging overuse in the emergency department (particularly CT overuse) is a problem according to most radiologists and emergency physicians, and is driven by several factors.

Repair versus replacement of defective direct dental restorations: A multinational cross-sectional study with meta-analysis

ObjectivesWhen dental practitioners encounter a defective restoration, they are faced with a crucial decision whether to repair or replace it. This study aims to explore international preferences for repair procedures and the clinical steps taken during the repair process. MethodAn 11-question survey was distributed to dentists across 21 countries via different platforms. The survey comprised two sections: the first included five questions aimed at gathering demographic information, while the second consisted of six questions focusing on participants' practices related to the repair of composite or amalgam restorations A meta-analysis was employed to ascertain the pooled odds ratio of repairing versus replacement. The statistical analysis was carried out using the RevMan 5.3 program and forest plots were generated using the same program to visualize the results. ResultsThe survey was completed by 3680 dental practitioners. The results indicated a strong tendency to repair defective composite restorations (OR: 14.23; 95 % CI: 7.40, 27.35, p < 0.001). In terms of amalgam, there was a significant tendency to replace the restorations (OR: 0.19; 95 % CI: 0.12, 0.30, p < 0.001). When repairing restorations, the most common protocols were etching with orthophosphoric acid and creating an enamel bevel, regardless of the restorative material used. ConclusionThe findings of this study indicate that there exists a knowledge gap among dental practitioners regarding restoration repair. It is imperative that dental practitioners receive proper education and training on restoration repair, to ensure the usage of adequate protocols and restoration survival. Clinical significanceA significant portion of dental practitioners lack the necessary knowledge and education required for the repair of restorations. Therefore, it is imperative to establish guidelines aimed at enhancing the management of defective restorations, along with protocols for clinical interventions. This includes the incorporation of proper courses in undergraduate, graduate, and continuing education programs.

Hereditary angioedema in Spain: medical care and patient journey

BackgroundHereditary angioedema due to C1 inhibitor deficiency (HAE-C1INH) is a genetic rare disease characterized by recurrent, transient and unpredictable episodes of cold, non-pruriginous oedema without associated urticaria. The characteristics of the disease have a considerable impact on the quality of life of patients. The aim of this study was to increase understanding of the patient journey of HAE in Spain.MethodsA multidisciplinary committee of 16 HAE experts (allergy, immunology, emergency department, hospital pharmacy and nursing) and 3 representatives of the Spanish Hereditary Angioedema Patient Association (AEDAF) who were patients or caregivers participated in the study. A review of the publications on HAE treatment was performed. Semi-structured interviews were performed to HAE experts, patients, or caregivers. Three meetings with the experts, patients and caregivers were held to share, discuss, and validate data obtained from literature and interviews and to build the model.ResultsThroughout the project, the patient journey has been drawn up, dividing it into the stages of pre-diagnosis, diagnosis and treatment/follow-up. Some areas for improvement have been identified. Firstly, there is a need to enhance awareness and training on HAE among healthcare professionals, with a particular emphasis on primary care and emergency department personnel. Secondly, efforts should be made to minimize patient referral times to allergy/immunology specialists, ensuring timely access to appropriate care. Thirdly, it is crucial to encourage the study of the relatives of diagnosed patients to early identify potential cases. Fourthly, equitable access to self-administered treatments should be ensured, facilitated by systems that enable medication delivery at home and proper education and training for patients. Equitable access to long-term prophylactic treatment should also be prioritized for all patients in need. To standardize HAE management, the development of consensus guidelines that reduce variability in clinical practice is essential. Lastly, promoting research studies to enhance knowledge of the disease and align its treatment with new developments in the healthcare field should be encouraged.ConclusionsThe knowledge of the patient journey in HAE allowed us to identify improvement areas with the final aim to optimize the disease management.

Gandhian Ideas: His Days and Ours

A large section of the world population continues to live in hunger, starvation, malnutrition, deplorable living conditions with unsafe drinking water, inadequate health amenities and lack of proper education. The fear and uncertainty associated with the COVID-19 pandemic have resulted in the loss of lives and livelihoods for a large number of poor and vulnerable persons, pushing them deeper into the confines of poverty. It is in times such as these that Gandhian thoughts are popularly invoked by Gandhi’s followers. The present study is an attempt to revisit the Gandhian perspective on the development of the Indian economy. It intends to capture and crystallise his socio-economic ideas on the wide expanse of issues in a comprehensive manner. These are systematically encapsulated in six Ends: employment, emancipation, equality and egalitarianism, environment, ethics and education. Further, the study goes on to discuss Gandhi’s economic prescriptions to achieve these six ends. Furthermore, it attempts to categorise the Gandhian methods into one of three states—alive, ailing or abandoned—based on their current usefulness. Additionally, if the status turns out to be failing or abandoned, it aims to provide a nearby current approach that can appropriately fit in Gandhi’s vision without being dismissed as being too far-fetched.

Prevalence of Intestinal Parasitic Infections and Associated Factors among Presumptive Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients at Debre Tabor Referral Hospital, South Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study.

In developing countries, intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) and tuberculosis (TB) coinfections have been perceived to be high. The geographic distributions of helminths and TB overlap substantially. Parasitic infections affect the outcome of TB by changing the cell-mediated immune response to a humoral response, while Mycobacterium infection favors the immune escape of helminths. There are limited studies on the epidemiology of intestinal parasites among presumptive pulmonary TB (PTB) patients in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study is aimed at determining the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections and associated factors among patients with presumptive pulmonary tuberculosis at Debre Tabor Referral Hospital. A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March to June 2021. The sociodemographic data and associated factors were collected using a structured questionnaire, and stool samples were collected by convenient sampling technique and processed for the detection of intestinal parasites using a direct wet mount saline preparation and formal ether concentration technique. The data was coded, cleaned, and analyzed by SPSS version 23. Bivariate and multivariable analyses were conducted to determine an adjusted odds ratio (AOR). p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The overall prevalence of intestinal parasitosis was 25.6% (81/316); of these, 12.9% (41/316) were protozoan infections and 12.7% (40/316) were helminth infections. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that being older than 36 years (AOR: 4.35; 95% CI: 1.26, 13.91; p = 0.001), rural residence (AOR: 3.46; 95% CI: 1.18, 9.97; p < 0.001), unable to read and write (AOR = 2.62; 95%CI = 2.15, 8.43; p = 0.004), and use of river water (AOR: 3.47; 95% CI: 1.62, 8.21; p < 0.001) were associated with intestinal parasitic infections. The present study showed that the prevalence of intestinal parasitosis among presumptive pulmonary tuberculosis patients was high in the study area. Age, residence, educational status, and source of water were significant factors in IPIs among presumptive TB patients. Moreover, our findings suggest a proper health education program for good personal hygiene habits, the coloration of water, avoiding open-field defecation, and also preventative measures to avoid the acquisition of IPIs in patients with TB. Presumptive tuberculosis patients should be screened and treated accordingly. Additionally, it needs further research and recommends more assessment for intestinal parasitic infection in PTB patients.

Musculoskeletal complaints and its economic impact in an Iranian army hospital

AimMusculoskeletal conditions constitute a remarkable portion of disability cases in the military. This study evaluated the distribution and types of musculoskeletal problems and estimated the direct and indirect costs due to these complaints in an Iranian military hospital.MethodsAll medical records of patients with musculoskeletal complaints that were referred to the medical committee of a military hospital, including rheumatology, orthopedics, and neuro-surgical specialists, from 2014 to 2016, were reviewed. Details of each complaint and the final opinion of the medical committees were recorded. The cost of each diagnostic step was calculated based on the recorded data. The treatment costs were estimated for each complaint by calculating the average cost of treatment plans suggested by two specialists, a physical medicine and a rheumatologist. The estimated cost for each part is calculated based on the army insurance low. Indirect costs due to absences, inability to work, and disability were assessed and added to the above-mentioned direct costs. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 21.Results2,116 medical records of the committee were reviewed. 1252 (59.16%) cases were soldiers (who had to spend two years of mandatory duty in the army), and 864 (40.83%) cases were non-soldiers. The three most common complaints were fractures (301 cases, 14.22%), low back pain due to lumbar disc bulges and herniations (303 cases, 14.31%), and genu varus/genu valgus (257 cases, 12.14%). The most affected sites were the lower limbs and vertebral column. According to an official document in these subjects’ records, 4120 person-days absent from work were estimated annually, and nearly $1,172,149 of annual economic impact was calculated.ConclusionMusculoskeletal problems are common in the army, and establishing preventive strategies for these conditions is essential. The conservative and medical approach and the proper education for correct movement and the situation should be mentioned for the reduction of disability and its economic burden on the army’s staff.

READING PREDICAMENT WITHSTOOD BY ELEMENTARY LEARNERS: HOME DISTANCE LEARNING IN FOCUS

The issue of reading becomes more significant when it comes to the English language because English is used in a number of countries as first and second language. Besides, English is used as a medium of instruction in basic school to tertiary levels in these countries. More importantly reading in English is more significant if students are needed to be competent enough in their academic achievement. This study involved teachers in grades 6 in selected public schools in Davao City. This group was chosen because, the following year, they are supposed to be in grade seven to write their examinations which are to be read and answered in English without anybodys help. These examinations are very critical as they determine whether the pupil will proceed to secondary education or not. Therefore, it is expected that by the time a pupil reaches grade six, they must be competent in reading as preparation for their Junior High School life. These participants are currently teaching in the school year 2021-2022 with more than two years of experience in teaching reading. A total of 7 participants are considered in this study who will join the in-depth interview and focused group discussion. The results of this study revealed that learners tend to have less access to and poorer quality of education than other groups. Their education often does not incorporate curricula and teaching methods that recognize their communities histories, cultures, pedagogies, traditional languages, and traditional knowledge. Thus, in teaching them teachers must boost their full courage and dedication so that proper education will be achieved. KEYWORDS: reading predicament, withstood, elementary learners, home distance learning

Education and health examination for the elderly

The elderly are one of the population groups that are vulnerable to various health problems. Proper education and health screenings can improve quality of life and prevent diseases that often occur in old age. This service activity aims to identify effective educational approaches and types of health checks that are important for the elderly. Service activities are carried out in the form of free examinations and health counseling to provide information and education about health for the elderly. For counseling activities using the lecture method and focus group discussion. Results show that an integrated educational approach, including information on healthy lifestyles, chronic disease management, and the importance of active socialisation, has a positive impact on elderly health knowledge and behaviours. risk of complications. It can be concluded that education and medical examination are two important aspects of caring for the elderly. An integrated, holistic educational approach can improve the elderly's health knowledge and behaviours, while regular health checkups can help detect health problems early and reduce the risk of complications.

Effects of paediatric schistosomiasis control programmes in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review.

Preventive chemotherapy by mass drug administration is globally recommended as the primary method of reaching the elimination of schistosomiasis, especially in the high risk-paediatric population. This systematic review provides a summary of the effects of paediatric schistosomiasis control programs on eliminating schistosomiasis in sub-Saharan Africa. A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, EBSCOhost, and other databases to obtain studies regarding the effects of paediatric schistosomiasis control programmes in sub-Saharan Africa. 3455 studies were screened for eligibility, included articles reported on both paediatrics control programmes and schistosomiasis, and articles were excluded when they did not report on schistosomiasis control programmes in paediatrics exclusively. 40 selected studies were critically appraised using the JBI critical appraisal tools for relevance and 30 studies were included in the study. An in-depth quantitative descriptive analysis was conducted, and a comprehensive narrative summary explained the results within the scope of the review questions. The results show that despite preventive chemotherapy lowering schistosomiasis prevalence, chances of re-infection are high in endemic areas. Preventive chemotherapy without complementary interventions including safe water provision and proper sanitation, snail control and health education on the aetiology of schistosomiasis, transmission pattern and control practices might not eliminate schistosomiasis.

Physiology education and research in the European Higher Education System — a case study from Portugal

The “Future of Physiology” has become a recurring theme worldwide in discussions amongst Physiology organizations. The Bologna Process fostered a proper higher education environment within Europe, comparable with the USA and UK. This paper presents a current view of Physiology teaching within Portugal, an EU member state and part of the European High Education Area (EHEA). Data was sourced from the governmental agency DGES (from September to November 2022) to identify institutions and curricula featuring disciplines (CU/D) aligned with human Physiology. The teaching modalities, hours, and credits for Human Physiology disciplines were obtained from the institutions’ websites, yielding a database with 365 courses/degrees and 764 distinct Physiology CU/D. In the second stage, a bibliometric analysis of the lecturers’ scientific production from 2017-2022 was conducted using the VOSviewer v 1.6.19 to construct and visualize the key word co-occurrence networks and clusters. A thematic analysis of words in each cluster was then performed to identify common themes. Important divergences appeared, particularly between universities and technical colleges. In technical colleges, Physiology is prevalent in the first year, while in universities, Physiology-related CU/Ds are sequentially present from the first year until late in the course, indicating a progression in advanced knowledge and its application. These differences might be related to the different structural organization of these institutions and likely reflect the differences between facilities, available teaching-learning instruments, and staff preparation. The bibliometric analysis revealed considerable asymmetries in the scientific profile of the teaching staff. revealed Significant differences between university and technical colleges’ scientific production are clear: staff with relevant production were affliated with reference university centers or research units. A pronounced concentration of research interests in two primary domains, classified in the thematic analysis as Medical Physiology and Lifestyle Physiology, was found, with researchers' preferences focusing on biomedical research and innovation, cardiovascular function, sport performance, and well-being. These findings might be common within the EHEA, and do not raise any immediate concerns regarding Physiology as a discipline at present. On the contrary, they suggest that Physiology is clearly recognized as important in health education. Physiology teaching and learning must not lose sight of its primary role as an an integrated science of life required to shape the approach and rationale applied to problems requiring our understanding of health and disease, Physiology teaching and learning continue to be critical in human health education and research. This work is financed by national funds through FCT - Foundation for Science and Technology, I.P., under the UIDB/04567/2020 and UIDP/ 04567/2020 projects. João Gregório is funded by Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) Scientific Employment Stimulus contract with the reference number CEEC/CBIOS/EPH/2018. This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2024 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.

The concept of disaster preparedness ini disaster-prone areas at Harapan Bahagia Yogyakarta school

This archipelago country cannot be separated from disasters which cause many victims, especially children. This affects their future lives as a generation of the nation. Children's future regarding disaster preparedness can be improved by knowing the signs and causes of disasters, what to do before and during a disaster, and survival skills. The purpose of this article is to explain the reasons why disaster preparedness education is important for young children. The method used is a qualitative descriptive method directed at field research. The results obtained are that with disaster preparedness education it is hoped that children will be far from being perceived as having limitations in dealing with disasters because proper education will bring excellence and quality of mind and clarity in thinking. Apart from that, you can also understand the nature of existing truths, and will be accustomed to carrying out good habits and actions, always behaving well, always inviting students to think carefully and deeply, always encouraging creativity and thinking about nature and living things. All forms of education will have an effective effect if given from childhood or an early age.

Knowledge regarding dental fluorosis among middle school children’s of Nelamangla town, Bengaluru, India: a pre-experimental study

Knowledge regarding dental fluorosis among middle school children’s of Nelamangla town, Bengaluru, India: a pre-experimental study

Recurrent hypocalcemia due to postoperative total thyroidectomy: a case report

Hypocalcemia is a common complication following total thyroidectomy, caused by inadvertent damage or removal of the parathyroid glands responsible for calcium regulation. This condition poses a significant challenge in postoperative management, often leading to symptoms such as carpopedal spasm, convulsion, and airway constriction occur during hypocalcemia. Patients undergoing total thyroidectomy require vigilant monitoring of serum calcium levels, especially in the immediate postoperative period. Treatment typically involves calcium to prevent hypocalcemic episodes. Long-term management strategies may include the use of calcitriol. We report 30-years-old Indonesian woman suffer hypoparathyroidism because postoperative total thyroidectomy. For a month she did not have any complaints after being prescribed calcium supplement and levothyroxine. But she has stopped the calcium supplement and levothyroxine for 2 days, then she went to emergency room with stiffness all part of body. This report describes proper education of patients on recognizing symptoms of hypocalcemia and ensuring regular follow-up care are essential to prevent complications and improve quality of life post-thyroidectomy.

Hand-to-hand combat in the 21st century-INNOAGON warrior or modern gladiator?-a prospective study.

In being an important lifestyle factor, the physical activity influences people's health status, including life expectancy. Specific forms of physical activity are exercises related to hand-to-hand combat in the broadest sense, often overlapping and containing similar elements associated with combat sports (for Western culture) and martial arts (for Far Eastern culture). There are many types of forms of practising hand-to-hand combat exercises, which can be seen as opposing or in some ways complementary, e.g.: "traditional"-e.g., karate or kung fu, practised for hundreds or even thousands of years, usually adhering to moral codes of conduct, and drawing ideas from philosophy, religion vs. "modern"-e.g., American pro wrestling or mixed martial arts-MMA, suggesting a combination of various traditional forms of martial arts. In terms of shaping a healthy lifestyle with mental health elements based on the implementation of hand-to-hand combat exercises, an analysis of these fundamental insights into physical activity is warranted. This study aims to investigate the development direction of the hand-to-hand exercises in Western culture, opposing the "traditional" and "modern" forms. In this study, INNOAGON theory responds to the overuse of the term "science of martial arts". It is currently being used to promote extreme aggression and violence as an acceptable means of achieving success, and this model is expressively permeating other spheres of social interaction. In INNOAGON's understanding, hand-to-hand combat should be associated with the ancient thought of "doing good" (ancient Greece) or "wisdom" (Far Eastern cultures) including aesthetic and philosophical aspects. This links to numerous psychosocial benefits, self-esteem, discipline, body-mind coordination including breath control and relaxation, respect for others. The modern form of hand-to-hand combat, framed in these discussions as MMA or American pro wrestling, historically refers to the gladiatorial fights held during the Roman Games. The holding of fights in so-called "cages" refers to the arena in which Roman slave fights were held, and the athletes performing there are often referred to as modern-day "gladiators". Proper education, including education in the area of physical culture, leading to the development of a society turned towards values broader than just fun or self-satisfaction should be the basis for the development of the next generations. It actually remains to decide which path of social change we will choose: in the case of INNOAGON a positive one, and in the case of modern gladiator a destructive one. Only a proper education combined with a broad programme of social role modelling, social facilitation-the foundations of which are laid by INNOAGON-including promotion on the Internet and social media can provide the right counterbalance to the pathology increasingly penetrating our lives, leading to the promotion of aggression and threats to physical and mental health.

Identification of a Patient Suitable for CAR-T Cell Therapy in the Outpatient Setting: A Vodcast and Case Example.

Chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapies targeting the CD19 antigen have been associated with high and durable response rates in patients with diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL). CAR-T cell therapies are commonly administered in the inpatient setting due to the average onset of cytokine release syndrome within the first 3days post infusion, but there has been growing interest in delivering CAR-T cell therapies in the outpatient setting to overcome frequent hospital bed shortages and the high cost of inpatient care. Although this approach could improve access whilst catering to patient preference, it requires a multidisciplinary approach as well as careful patient selection. Herein, Dr. Foley and Dr. Kuruvilla discuss the case of a patient presenting with the ideal profile for CAR-T cell therapy referral whilst also determining the key attributes for eligibility from a clinician's perspective. Solutions for successful outpatient management include proper education, caregiver support, and early referral to ensure a timely infusion. In conclusion, outpatient administration of CAR-T cell therapy in patients with DLBCLs should be assessed on a case-by-case basis.A vodcast feature is available for this article.