Proper Discipline Research Articles

VOICE COMMUNICATION PROBLEMS IN SPACECRAFT AND UNDERWATER OPERATIONS

Abstract : Various problems in voice communication systems found in operations underwater and in outer space are considered. Since the production of speech is basic to these problems, the major part of the article is devoted to factors affecting vocal production. Examples are given of special problems which arise when the voice communication situation involves highly restrictive environmental factors such as those encountered by deep sea divers, swimmers, and personnel within under-the-sea habitats or space capsules. In addition to the effects on speech of varying ambient pressures, changes to the voice caused by different gas mixtures are described. Several ways of making helium-speech more intelligible are presented. Problems with the electronic link between the talker and listener are discussed. It is pointed out that the effectiveness of communication systems can be increased by proper circuit discipline, training to speak clearly, and utilization of vocabularies specific to the immediate operation. The need for improved coordination among behavioral and engineering efforts to solve problems of communication in space and underwater environments is emphasized.

De la distinción entre lógica formal y lógica dialéctica

Resumen

The Rediscovery of Ferdinand Christian Baur: A Review of the First Two Volumes of His Ausgewählte Werke

The appearance of the first two volumes of a reprint edition of some of Ferdinand Christian Baur's most important writings marks an important event in contemporary historical theology: the rediscovery of a man whom Emanuel Hirsch has called “the greatest and at the same time the most controversial theologian to be produced by German evangelical Christianity since Schleiermacher.” Baur's greatness consists in his recognition of the radically historical quality of the Christian Church and Christian faith, and in his concomitant development of an historical method appropriate to a critical and theological study of the Church and its founding events, a study which he understood to be an intrinsically proper and necessary theological discipline. The controversy over Baur has been generated partially with respect to the extent of his alleged “Hegelianism,” and partially with respect to the validity of his attempt to discover the “truth” of Christianity by means of historical-critical theology. Criticism of him has arisen more often out of misunderstanding, but sometimes precisely out of recognition of what he was trying to achieve theologically. This new edition of some of his major works will help to base both acclaim and criticism on the latter rather than the former ground; and it surely will enhance our appreciation of the greatness and originality of this strangely neglected man, who stands as such an essential link between Schleiermacher at the beginning of the nineteenth century and the Ritschlians at the end, but who belongs to neither.

Student Prediction of Examination Questions

Final examinations cause much discussion and no little concern among students generally. The cultivation of good study habits ought to begin with the earliest school years. Lack of such frequently accompanies test worries. Only too often parents and teachers alike fail to direct youth into proper disciplines for learning. Occasionally a student tells someone he has chosen to room in a private home because he wishes to concentrate where it is quieter than in dormitory or fraternity house. How to encourage an advisee or a college group to begin the formulation of systematic, orderly preparation of assignments in language, history, science or any other course is a real problem for one who likes to see good minds do more than passing work. The teacher of biology can scarcely take several weeks of precious time in trying to orient and train classes in the techniques that have proved effective for himself in mastering facts and principles. He must throw out hints and suggestions as side-issues. In college work there is little opportunity for old-fashioned drill. Yet for many people this is the proved way of making facts stick. Usage alone creates the groove that results in retention. But it must be the hearer, not the lecturer, who does the using. Phrases such as transition from water to land become meaningful only when they are put into expression by the individual himself. Advanced teaching begins properly with exposure. It should not end there. Whoever haunts ivied halls is expected to assimilate and store the knowledge stream which tumbles so turbulently onward from period to period. There 's not much chance to impound it. He comes in contact with so much concrete information continuously bubbling forth from the fountain head that he does not distinguish clearly between is important and is not. Modern textbooks in science are increasingly encyclopedic as well as technical. If the book is to become a useful tool considerable attention must now be paid toward making it intelligible. Occasionally it is well to do a little investigating. What a student thinks about this or that topic, procedure, or aim may be very revealing. Everything is so crystal clear to the instructor as he looks ahead, or back upon, familiar vistas already seen repeatedly. It may not prove so for the beginner. One institution has provided Review Days for instructional benefit. The professor could use this time in formal summary, for answering questions, or in conference. Class attendance was not compulsory. It was expected that it be used constructively in preparation for the inevitable tests. As high as fifty per cent in biology came as usual. Of course, some asked what they should study. In answer a topical outline has often been issued covering major points. Nearly always the kind of survey was held which exposed student ideas of important principles. At one time on the last day of formal classes before the first semester finals P11 those in General Biology were asked to write and return, signed or unsigned, the special question of merit which it was felt would very likely be asked because worthy of remembering. It was hoped that a check would result on (a) how well the instructor had been followed in had been emphasized; (b)

War Gas Cases First aid treatment

MOST GAS CASUALTIES can be avoided. Proper gas discipline and use of protective equipment can reduce to a very small percentage the number of persons put out of action by chemical agents. A man in the open is helpless against the missile weapons-there is nothing he can do to avoid injury by bullets, flying pieces of metal, or shock of explosion. He can and should avoid injury by gas. Avoidable or unavoidable, gas casualties do occur and a knowledge of the proper means of first aid should be possessed by everyone. The possession of this knowledge is an asset to the individual and to the nation for the most im-

The Sligo District Lunatic Asylum

At the monthly meeting of the Committee of Management of this asylum, as reported in the Sligo Independent of February 21st, we find the opinion expressed by one of the members of that body that “the attendants were perfectly right to use a certain amount of violence in order to keep proper discipline amongst the inmates.” This expression of opinion arose on a discussion on a sworn inquiry, held by a Lunacy Inspector, as to the alleged ill-treatment of an inmate by two attendants. The Inspector stated that the patients “gave evidence under evident fear of the consequences their action might entail.” A letter was read from a number of attendants denying any terrorism, and this was apparently accepted as disproving the Inspector's statement. The Inspector having admitted that the two accused attendants could not, on the evidence obtained, beconvicted in a court of law, the Committee, after declining the invitation of their chairman to ask the opinion of the Medical Superintendent, exonerated the two attendants from all blame.