Proper Components Research Articles

A new method to identify rotor–stator rubbing positions based on intrinsic time scale decomposition

To effectively identify the rotor–stator rubbing positions in aero-engine, the paper has proposed the combination of intrinsic time-scale decomposition (ITD) and classification algorithm. Regarding that with larger noise component in proper rotation component (PRC) signals after ITD, it will be more difficult to extract the characteristic information of rubbing faults, the PRC correspondings to the largest noise was eliminated. Meanwhile, signals were reconstructed based on residual proper rotation components, and positions of rubbing faults were identified according to the reconstructed signal. As rubbing extent and other factors cannot be completely the same in each rubbing, energy of reconstructed signal has been normalized to reduce the difference. Normalized energy indexes were inputted into classification algorithm as feature vectors to identify the positions of rubbing faults. To identify the superiority of approach, a comparison has been made between the proposed approach and the method of directly extracting normalized energy indexes of acceleration signals. The result of comparison shows that the two methods both work well in the identification rate of training and test samples; as for the identification rate for an unknown sample, the proposed method is superior to the other, with identification rate increasing by 17% and 9.4%.

Faults Detection and Classification under Variable Condition Using Intrinsic Time - Scale Decomposition and Neural Network

Misalignment and unbalance are a common fault occurring in the rotor system. A new approach for detecting misalignment and unbalance problems combining the intrinsic time - scale decomposition (ITD), the root mean square (RMS) and perceptron multilayer network (MLP) is proposed in this paper. Vibration signals of normal condition, misalignment horizontal, misalignment vertical and unbalance with different level are collected under different speed. ITD, nonlinear analysis of signals, was applied to decompose the vibration signals into 8 proper rotation components. The RMS values of 8 components are calculated and using as features vector. Last, the perceptron multilayer network was used for fault identification and classification. The proposed approach accurately classified and detection of unbalance and misalignment; the average accuracy achieved is 97.99%.

Current concepts on the morphology of popliteus tendon and its clinical implications.

In this review we described the anatomy and biomechanics of popliteus muscle and its tendon. Furthermore, we combined the anatomy with clinics and discussed a wide spectrum of disorders regarding the popliteus and its musculotendinous complex. There are three main anatomical regions of the popliteus musculotendinous complex: the proximal origin, the mid-portion, the distal part on the tibia. The unique localisation and various origins of the tendon, connected with structures such as fibular head, Wrisberg, Humphrey and posterior cruciate ligament, lateral meniscus, medial collateral ligament, give an implication to diagnosis and treatment. Popliteus dysfunction is often overlooked, that is the reason why diagnosis and treatment of its injuries is mostly insufficient. Repetitive or acute direct varus forces, when the tibia is in external rotation, and knee hyperextension or flexion with forced external rotation of the tibia, are the main mechanisms of trauma. Popliteus injuries mainly affect the athletic population and lead to severe activity limitations. Chronic disorders of the popliteus tendon, less known, are often described as tendinopathy and are frequently seen in runners. Their symptoms can mimic the lateral meniscal tears. On the other hand, high-energy traumatic injuries of the popliteus tendon often accompany complex, multi ligamentous injuries seen in competitive sports. We also presented the implication of popliteus tendon in knee arthroplasty, due to its particular exposition to iatrogenic trauma during surgery. The issues such as proper tibial component location and well-designed cut systems are crucial to avoid the popliteus impingement and preserve its structure.

Engineered Three-Electrode Cells for Improving Solid State Batteries

A three electrode cell for use with solid electrolytes is presented. The cell provides a stable reference voltage and leads artefact-free impedance spectra while being easily assembled and air-tight. To prove its versatility, several combinations of electrodes and electrolytes were employed, enabling rapid assessment of the main differences between argyrodite vs lithium phosphorous sulphide electrolytes, oxide vs sulphide active materials or Li-In alloy based anode vs Li foil anode. This new cell design offers a simple and efficient way of identifying the proper electrode-electrolyte components for enhancing solid state battery performances.

Isolated Mononeuropathy From Rucksack Palsy: A Case Series.

Although there is increasing awareness of brachial plexopathy secondary to rucksack use, isolated mononeuropathies have been less well described. Three cases of mononeuropathy secondary to rucksack use in military personnel are presented, including injuries to the long thoracic and spinal accessory nerves. We also review several different factors in the proper construction, components, and fitting of the rucksack that should be considered in order to prevent rucksack palsy and provide a concise suggestion for rucksack use and education.

A study on the extraction of characteristics of compound faults of rolling bearings based on ITD-AF-CAF

In view of the cyclostationary characteristics of vibration signals from aero-engine, the combination of cyclic autocorrelation function and intrinsic timescale decomposition (ITD) has been proposed. According to the proposed method, vibration signals are decomposed by ITD algorithm to obtain the autocorrelation function of proper rotation components (PRC), based on which characteristic extraction and identification of compound faults of rolling bearings is made possible. To validate the effectiveness of method, an analysis has been given to the vibration signals of rolling bearings collected by sensors of different positions in different compound fault modes. As shown by results, the method combining ITD and cyclostationary theory can precisely and effectively extract the characteristic frequency relative to the type of faults and identify the compound faults.

Transmembrane protein TMEM184B is necessary for interleukin-31-induced itch.

Nociceptive and pruriceptive neurons in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) convey sensations of pain and itch to the spinal cord, respectively. One subtype of mature DRG neurons, comprising 6% to 8% of neurons in the ganglia, is responsible for sensing mediators of acute itch and atopic dermatitis, including the cytokine IL-31. How itch-sensitive (pruriceptive) neurons are specified is unclear. Here, we show that transmembrane protein 184B (TMEM184B), a protein with roles in axon degeneration and nerve terminal maintenance, is required for the expression of a large cohort of itch receptors, including those for interleukin 31 (IL-31), leukotriene C4, and histamine. Male and female mice lacking TMEM184B show reduced responses to IL-31 but maintain normal responses to pain and mechanical force, indicating a specific behavioral defect in IL-31-induced pruriception. Calcium imaging experiments indicate that a reduction in IL-31-induced calcium entry is a likely contributor to this phenotype. We identified an early failure of proper Wnt-dependent transcriptional signatures and signaling components in Tmem184b mutant mice that may explain the improper DRG neuronal subtype specification. Accordingly, lentiviral re-expression of TMEM184B in mutant embryonic neurons restores Wnt signatures. Together, these data demonstrate that TMEM184B promotes adult somatosensation through developmental Wnt signaling and promotion of proper pruriceptive gene expression. Our data illuminate a new key regulatory step in the processes controlling the establishment of diversity in the somatosensory system.

A study of the Czernik 2 and NGC 7654 open clusters using CCD UBV photometric and Gaia EDR3 data

We analysed the open clusters Czernik 2 and NGC 7654 using CCD UBV photometric and Gaia Early Data Release 3 (EDR3) photometric and astrometric data. Structural parameters of the two clusters were derived, including the physical sizes of Czernik 2 being r=5 and NGC 7654 as 8 min. We calculated membership probabilities of stars based on their proper motion components as released in the Gaia EDR3. To identify member stars of the clusters, we used these membership probabilities taking into account location and the impact of binarity on main-sequence stars. We used membership probabilities higher than $P=0.5$ to identify 28 member stars for Czernik 2 and 369 for NGC 7654. We estimated colour-excesses and metallicities separately using two-colour diagrams to derive homogeneously determined parameters. The derived $E(B-V)$ colour excess is 0.46(0.02) mag for Czernik 2 and 0.57(0.04) mag for NGC 7654. Metallicities were obtained for the first time for both clusters, -0.08(0.02) dex for Czernik 2 and -0.05(0.01) dex for NGC 7654. Keeping the reddening and metallicity as constant quantities, we fitted PARSEC models using colour-magnitude diagrams, resulting in estimated distance moduli and ages of the two clusters. We obtained the distance modulus for Czernik 2 as 12.80(0.07) mag and for NGC 7654 as 13.20(0.16) mag, which coincide with ages of 1.2(0.2) Gyr and 120(20) Myr, respectively. The distances to the clusters were calculated using the Gaia EDR3 trigonometric parallaxes and compared with the literature. We found good agreement between the distances obtained in this study and the literature. Present day mass function slopes for both clusters are comparable with the value of Salpeter (1955), being X=-1.37(0.24) for Czernik 2 and X=-1.39(0.19) for NGC 7654.

Layer-by-Layer Solution-Processed Organic Solar Cells with Perylene Diimides as Acceptors.

Layer-by-layer (LBL) sequential solution processing of the active layer has been proven as an effective strategy to improve the performance of organic solar cells (OSCs), which could adjust vertical phase separation and improve device performance. Although perylene diimide (PDI) derivatives are typical acceptors with excellent photoelectric properties, there are few studies on PDI-based LBL OSCs. Herein, three PDI acceptors (TBDPDI-C5, TBDPDI-C11, and SdiPDI) were used to fabricate LBL and bulk heterojunction (BHJ) OSCs, respectively. A series of studies including device optimization, photoluminescence (PL) quenching, dependence of light intensity, carrier mobility, atomic force microscopy (AFM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS), and depth analysis X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (DXPS) were carried out to make clear the difference of the PDI-based LBL and BHJ OSCs. The results show that LBL OSCs possess better charge transport, higher and more balanced carrier mobility, less exciton recombination loss, more favorable film morphology, and proper vertical component distribution. Therefore, all the three PDI acceptor-based LBL OSCs exhibit higher performance than their BHJ counterparts. Among them, TBDPDI-C5 performs best with a power conversion efficiency of 6.11% for LBL OSCs, higher than its BHJ OSC (5.14%). It is the first time for PDI small molecular acceptors to fabricate high-efficiency OSCs by using an LBL solution-processed method.

Sourcing CHIRPS precipitation data for streamflow forecasting using intrinsic time-scale decomposition based machine learning models

ABSTRACT This study evaluated the effectiveness of Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Station (CHIRPS) satellite rainfall data for the development of multi-step ahead streamflow forecasting models. Daily time scale precipitation data of nearly three decades (1986–2012) over the Varahi river basin in Western Ghats of Karnataka, India were used for the analysis. Machine learning (ML) models, namely, the Group Method of Data Handling (GMDH), Chi-square Automatic Interaction Detector (CHAID), and Random Forest (RF) were simulated for one, three and seven days ahead streamflow forecasting. Additionally, the developed forecasting models were improved through the integration with Intrinsic Time-scale decomposition (ITD) (by decomposing the input data into a series of proper rotation components (PRC) and a monotonic trend). The uniqueness of this study lies in coupling ITD with machine learning models to forecast daily streamflow time-series. Concurrently, the precipitation data derived from India Meteorological Department (IMD) gridded rainfall dataset were also employed for developing analogous multistep ahead streamflow forecasting models. The proposed methodology was aimed to have an accurate and a reliable forecasting model that can assist water resources management and operation. Comparative performance evaluation using various statistical indices portrayed the superiority of CHIRPS satellite rainfall data product in forecasting daily streamflows up to a week lead time. The results indicate that, the hybrid ITD-based ML models developed using CHIRPS precipitation data as inputs held a better performance at all lead times.

DIFFERENCES IN TRANSSEXUAL AND HOMOSEXUAL TENDENCIES IN SCHIZOPHRENIA AND INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES

Within the framework of the study of gender-role deviations in mental illness, conducted by the authors, an analysis of differences in sexual behavior and gender identity in such forms of pathology as schizophrenia and intellectual disability (MR - mental retardation) is presented. The article presents the results of the study of gender identity disorders (GID) in men with schizophrenia and men with ID, presents pathopsychological examples of GID. The study is based on the assumption that both in schizophrenia and in mental retardation, the pathogenesis of transsexualism inherent in these mental disorders is due to the violation of semi-dymorphic brain structures, which qualitatively change the nature of sexual behavior and gender identity. However, the phenomenology of these disorders will depend on the nature and specifics of the pathology, which determines its pathopsychological picture. Based on the analysis of the current state of the problem and the data of our own research, it was found that the disorder of sexual behavior and gender identity in schizophrenia has the form of typical schizophrenic patterns that take the form of metaphysical interpretation, pretentiousness, delusional ideas, etc., that do not contain proper sexual erotic component and is not implemented by the behavior inherent in persons of the opposite sex. This does not allow us to speak about the true transsexual tendencies in schizophrenia and true GID. There are grounds to regard the features of GID in schizophrenia as a separate clinical and psychological phenomenon caused by the influence of the general schizophrenic process. With MR, the key factor of which is retardation, there is a psychologically expressed homosexuality and true transsexual tendencies, accompanied by corresponding inner experiences. The article is important for the pathopsychological differential diagnosis of transsexualism from other mental disorders occurring with EPI, and may contribute to expanding views on the origin of transsexualism.

LINGUOCULTURAL PECULIARITIES OF PHRASEOLOGISMS SPECIFIC IN EASTERN CULTURE

Introduction. In order to study phraseology from the perspective of an anthropological paradigm, it is certainly important not to overlook human-related issues, as in the study phraseological units, proper anthroponymic components of phraseological units were studied in an anthropocentric nature. Anthroponyms have a special place in the language with their semantic and methodological features, which distinguish them from other lexical units of the language. This requires conducting onomastic research in a synchronous and diachronic manner on the basis of comparative-historical study. Indeed, the phraseological units associated with nouns have social significance and reflect the culture and social life of a society

High-Order Network Based General Modeling Method for Improved Transfer Performance of the WPT System

In wireless power transfer system, zero phase angle (ZPA), zero voltage switching (ZVS), load-independent output voltage, and current are key to improve transfer performance, like efficiency and output power over load change. More concerned, it is hard to realize those expected electrical characteristics in a topology simultaneously. To solve the issue, this article proposes a general modeling method based on the high-order resonant network. The equivalent impedance of passive components in each circuit branch is replaced by jX and then, according to the analysis of Kirchhoff principle, the conditions to realize load-independent output and simplified calculation of input impedance are given out. Hence, the proper passive components can be chosen to get expected electrical characteristics. A specific prototype, using the proposed modeling method for parameter design, is implemented to verify the validity of proposed modeling method. In the prototype, load-independent constant voltage and constant current modes can be switched by restructuring the passive network; meanwhile, ZPA or ZVS could also be realized by regulating only one component. The experimental results fit well with the theoretical analysis.

Information Hiding Model Based on Channel Construction of Orthogonal Basis

Secret information communication model based on channel construction of orthogonal basis can implement secret information hiding and recovery without a key. The orthogonal basis is constructed by the media carrier's self-correlation. Carrier and secret information channels are constructed independently. And it has good properties of avoiding detection. The experiments show that the model with proper carrier components and threshold of secret information coding has the capacity of secret information and robustness. And the secret information capacity and anti-noise capability can be improved by compressed and error correcting or checking codes.

A non‐isolated DC‐DC converter with low voltage stress and high step‐down voltage conversion ratio

This work focuses on a new non-isolated interleaved DC-DC converter with very high step-down voltage conversion ratio. By employing the switched/series capacitor concept, along with the proper component interconnection, the converter features a high step-down voltage conversion ratio where, in the private case of equal duty ratios, it is six times higher than the conventional buck converter. This high step-down voltage conversion ratio is achieved with the lowest number of components compared to other similar topologies of the same conversion ratio. Also, due to the blocking/series capacitors, the voltage stress on the switches is reduced, improving the converter efficiency. One of the key features of the proposed converter is the inherent automatic current sharing between the interleaved phases, which in the case of equal duty ratios, is uniformly distributed. To add on, due to the use of only two interleaved phases, the converter has a wide output voltage range, since the duty cycle can be extended to 0.5. To validate the proposed converter operation, a 250 W wide-input/wide-output experimental prototype was built, achieving a peak efficiency of 94%.

Device-Independent Discrimination of Falsified Amoxicillin Capsules Using Heterogeneous Near-Infrared Spectroscopic Devices for Training and Testing of a Support Vector Machine.

The objective of this work is to demonstrate the potential of near-infrared spectroscopy for common screening of falsified medicines in the field by means of a device-independent universal discrimination approach. In order to provide a useful discrimination tool to protect people from low-quality medical products, not only is a low-cost and portable screening device necessary, but a reference library is also essential. The authors believe that a device-dependent reference library inhibits near-infrared spectroscopy from becoming a popular screening tool. In this study, to develop a device-independent method, discrimination performance is evaluated using different devices for training and testing. The training data sets for the reference library were prepared using a bench-top Fourier transform near-infrared spectrophotometer, and predictive discrimination was performed using the spectral data by a low-cost and portable wavelength dispersive near-infrared spectrophotometer. A near-infrared spectrum-based support vector machine was used for these purposes, but the screening resulted in low accuracy thought to be caused by the intrinsically device-dependent features of the spectra data. Thus, principal component analysis was performed to collect the proper components to discriminate low-quality products from standard products. The principal component score-based support vector machine was able to produce highly accurate results, identifying falsified products with no false positive cases.

Stress & strain character of tube hydroforming and its application in processing analysis

The mechanical character for tube hydroforming stress state of is discussed in this paper and the special stress states was classed by those discussed characters. For the mechanical character of tube hydroforming, tube hydroforming stress state was discussed with different families. Tube hydroforming stress state discussion was important in process analysis of tube hydorforming, it can determine what kind of component we get. Mechanical stress state character discussed can be used in the optimization of tube hydroforming and achieve proper component. The essence of tube hydroforming technological parameter choosing is procedure of analysis and optimization of the stress state.

Frequency component mixing of pulsed or multi-frequency eddy current testing for nonferromagnetic plate thickness measurement using a multi-gene genetic programming algorithm

For the efficient use of frequency components, a frequency mixed feature for pulsed eddy current testing (PECT) or multi-frequency eddy current testing (MultiECT) was proposed for nonferromagnetic plate thickness measurement. An evolutionary algorithm multigene genetic programming was employed to mix the frequency components using the best linearity as a target. Time domain and frequency domain finite element simulations of PECT and MultiECT were conducted. The simulation results revealed that, in terms of thickness measurement, a mixed feature comprising two or three frequencies was more linear and accurate than the traditional peak time and decay coefficient of PECT. Experiments were conducted to validate the results of the simulations and to test the mixed feature in aluminum plate thickness evaluations. The experimental results also revealed that the use of more frequencies did not always increase the accuracy of thickness evaluations. Proper frequency component selection was more efficient than blindly increasing frequency numbers.

Floating general immittance function simulator

A floating general immittance function simulator circuit is presented using two differential voltage to current converters (DVTCs) and three passive components. The developed DVTC to be used in this work is realized with the flipped voltage follower, achieving low-voltage operation. By selecting proper passive components, the proposed floating simulator circuit can realize synthetic inductor, capacitor, resistor and frequency-dependent negative resistance (FDNR) without changing its configuration. No component matching conditions and cancellation constraints are necessary. Furthermore, non-ideal transfer gain effects on the proposed simulator circuit are discussed. As applications for the proposed floating simulator, a second-order RLC bandpass filter and a fourth-order resistively terminated LC bandpass filter are shown. To verify the theory, the proposed simulator and its applications are simulated using 0.25-μm CMOS process technology.

Analysis of unused blood products and its management during peak COVID period in a rural based teritiary care hospital

Background: Blood donation is one of the most noble gestures a human can make to save life. Even after so many advances in the field of blood donation till now no alternative of human blood is easily available in all places. The aim of the study is to analyse various unused blood products their causes,during the peak covid period and its management. These are done by formulating guidelines for proper donor screening, component separation, TTI screening,and proper handling of blood products. Methods: A total of 1960 whole blood units from both voluntary and replacement donors were collected from September 2020 to August 2021 in the Department of Transfusion Medicine, Vinayaka Mission Medical college Salem.Out of which 214 units were unused(4.78%) units. Results: The study showed out of 214 units,113units(52.80%) were from platelet components, 30(14.02%) were PRBC,71(33.18%)were FFP. The primary cause of discard wasexpiry of units(45.79%), andsecond major cause was returning of units 24 (27.57%), which can be managed by following certain guidelines before issuing.