Proper Basis Research Articles

THE REFERENCE MODEL OF CONTROL INSTITUTION AGENT: EXPERIENCE PRODUCT OF INTOSAI

The article gives a research to establish the mental representations of the reference model agent of the Institute of Control Supreme Audit Institution (SAI) through the prism of supranational concentrated experience of the International organization of Financial Control supreme bodies in the System of professional documentation (IFPP). The proposals concerning changes in the direction of extension, the perception of experience not only as INTOSAI professional standards to hone their algorithms of control measures, but also as a set of principles, values, standards and requirements by which it is possible to construct the Institute of control agent at the abstract level and to build a Supreme audit institution in practice are developed. Recently, INTOSAI has carried out a new structuring of experience in implementing state financial control and grouped it in professional System documentation (IFPP). The new logic of supranational experiences of INTOSAI allowed to describe the author's vision in the article on a proper basis. The results of the study became a reference model of an Institute of control agent as a financial control body, which is formed on an appropriate form, and filled with a relevant content. This fully reflects the global expertise and ideas of the professional community on the issues of control over public resources. The study gave a positive answer to the question about the possibility of the perceptual experience of INTOSAI for the construction of the model agent of the Institute of control. The scientific results in the form of a reference model of an Institute of control agent , is not only of a theoretical nature as a subject field in the Institute of control sphere, which can be used in studies of institutional design but has an applied nature, through further development of the methodological apparatus for institutional theories of comparative analysis: in case of new subjects of the state financial control creation (i.e. SAI) or in case of need to collate and compare the higher control authorities that are already operating with a reference model, among all member countries of INTOSAI, on the subject of the diagnosis of any deviations from the standard.

Is the National Police of Ukraine European?

The fact that the National Police of which is territorially European, does not yet testify to the possibility today to consider the National Police as the Ukrainian in the sense of its internal readiness to conform to the stand-ards of organization and operation of the forces of the Commonwealth. The answer to this problem can be solved by such tasks as searching for the principles of Europeanization of the National Police in the current legislation; perception and display in the media of the fundamentals of the National Police; analysis of the status of self-identification of the National Police as a and supporting and Euro-Atlantic integration as an element of its own Europeanization by Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine. According to the results of the study, it is shown that the term European Ukrainian police was used by the leadership of the state and the Ministry of Internal Affairs of as well as the term of Ukraine, solely in order to maintains the image, and was not widely disseminated either in Ukraine or in the world. At the same time, a new law enforcement agency was expected in Ukraine. The main reason for this was the hope of getting high-level officers like in the forces. But the transfer of borrowed positive experience and methods of effective work of the authorities of Europe to Ukraine did not take place and could not have happened due to a number of objective reasons. However, the principles of the and Euro-Atlantic trend regarding the future of the National Police of Ukraine have already been laid down and for that, it's will taken place, we must consider the following basic realities: 1. National cannot be a permanent beneficiary of funds and technologies from the Union – it is necessary to develop internal human, technical and intellectual resources and integrate into the legal circle of the community of countries on the principles of an equal partnership. The stated integration is fully possible only after building a proper economic basis in the state. 2. The Ukrainian will acquire the conditional status of a one only when its corporate mentality and the mentality of the average policeman become European. In other words, the National Police of Ukraine must be not only professionally self-identify as a European, but also be recognized as such. Any artificial imposition of the image of the Police without real changes is not promising.

Flexible Control of Magnetic Fields by Shaped-Optimized Three-Dimensional Coil Arrays

The synthesis of desired low-frequency magnetic fields is of high importance in electromagnetic design. The use of coil arrays (CAs) is among the most effective methods for realizing a desired field. However, in designing CAs, researchers are faced with a lack of design parameters. At low frequencies, the design parameters are usually limited to the size and phase of the source and the size and position of the coils. In this letter, with the help of three-dimensional (3-D) coils, the spatial current distribution, i.e., the shape of coils, is added to the design parameters of the CA problem. This novel 3-D coil array creates a high degree of freedom for the synthesis of the desired magnetic field which cannot be achieved by ordinary coil arrays or a single 3-D coil. The technological advances in the field of 3-D printing helps in the fabrication of these 3-D structures with high precision, low cost, and fast prototyping. In the design process, dyadic Green's functions are used to analytically calculate the magnetic field. Then, in order to define the shape of the 3-D coils, these shapes are extended based on the proper basis functions. By determining the coefficients of these basis functions by means of optimization methods, the shape of each 3-D coil in the array is obtained. This method is used to realize an arbitrary magnetic field along a line by means of a single-source array that includes three 3-D coils. The designed array is implemented with the use of fused-deposition-modeling 3-D printing. The design results, numerical simulations, and experimental tests demonstrate a high degree of accuracy in the fabrication process and the ability of 3-D arrays to synthesize magnetic fields.

PERCEPTION AND USE OF CULTURAL ECOSYSTEM SERVICES AMONG THE ANDEAN COMMUNITIES OF CHIMBORAZO RESERVE

Challenges that characterize the relations between humans and environment can be addressed using the concepts and methods of ecosystem services assessment to provide a proper basis for environmental accountability and policy development. While the provisioning ecosystem services received a lot of focus in the science, and based on different cultural values that may be associated to different regions, there are still gaps in understanding how local communities use the ecosystems cultural services. This study quantified the frequency of use and the perceived capacity to provide cultural services in the view of communities located in the Chimborazo Wildlife Production Reserve (CR), Ecuador, by a questionnaire survey. Based on 356 valid questionnaires and a response rate of 78%, the findings indicate that locals tend to use and place value on cultural services provided by iconic mountains such as Chimborazo. In particular, the locals use cultural services that are associated with recreation (observation of flora and fauna, hiking, rest and relaxation, entertainment and landscaping), while the frequency of use seems to be related to proximity and local believes. In the case of perceived capacity, the things were similar, with high ratings given to closest landscapes and touristic attractions, and in particular to the Chimborazo Mountain. Locals tend to perceive differently the capacity of landscapes to provide cultural services based on gender, occupation and level of income. Implications for local environmental management are not serious since the management scope of the CR is not divergent compared to the locals use of cultural services.

A dunai alacsony vízállások tűzszerész tapasztalatai 2018-ban

The Danube is one of the most important rivers of Europe. In Hungary, the Danube has a significant role in society, economy and culture. It is important to understand the background of the several low water phases of the river, and their possible effects on EOD tasks. Analysis of EOD statistics 2018 provides a proper basis for collecting the necessary information. The information may help to render safe procedures of unexploded ordnances found in the Danube, and could also advantageously contribute to organising EOD tasks.

Public control as an effective mechanism for prevention of corruption in public procurement

Problem setting. One of the main prerequisites for the detection of corruption offenses and the effectiveness of anti-corruption measures is active citizens who are interested in overcoming this phenomenon. An active, influential and developed civil society is an important element of any democratic state. Such civil society plays a key role in implementation of urgent social changes, development and realization of effective public policies in various spheres, solving political, socio-economic and humanitarian problems.Recent research and publications analysis. A. Mykhnenko, Yu. Surmin, E. Nevmerzhytskyi, M. Mesiuk and other scientists investigated the issues of civil society development and, accordingly, the introduction of effective public control, including in the public procurement sphere. Scientists consider the influence of civil society on various spheres of state activity, reveal the problems of interaction between government authorities and civil society institutions as well as study the foreign experience of civil society activities and public control. The study of the reasons for the low interaction of government authorities with the public in our country and ways of improving the state-management mechanisms of such interaction are urgent.Highlighting previously unsettled parts of the general problem. In order to reveal the role, possibilities and influence of public control on socio-economic, political and other processes and transformations in the state, including public procurement, it is necessary to clarify and realize the meaning of this concept.The purpose of the research paper is to reveal the role of public control in the fight against corruption, to prove the necessity of creating the proper normative basis for the development of civil society institutions, reporting and accountability to the society for the fulfillment of public duties.Paper main body. It was established that the definition of the term “public control” in the Ukrainian legislation is currently absent. However, the following interpretation can be considered as accurate: public control is one of the types of social control exercised by associations of citizens as well as by citizens themselves. At the same time, it is indisputable from the practice of developed civilized countries that the level of public control is a reflection of democracy in the state, an indicator of the influence of citizens on the management of society and state.The role of public control in preventing and detecting of corruption in the public procurement sphere was disclosed as well as the existence of legislative bases and databases in order to identify, assess and eliminate corruption risks and corruption cases in the activities of public funds managers was proved. Examples of normative documents regulating the activities of public councils, introduction of public control in public procurement, mandatory publication of information on public finances and the reasons for the inhibition of the development of public control in Ukraine, in particular in the public procurement sphere, were provided.It was proved that the work of the public councils needs the assessment and changing of the approaches to the functioning. In order to extend the legitimate rights of civil society institutions to access to public finances, unimpeded attendance at commissions, committees, working groups, etc., it is proposed to supplement the Provision on the Public Council with the following paragraph 6: “Have the right to unimpeded presence (without the right to vote) in the amount not more than two representatives from a public association at meetings of commissions, committees, working groups, etc., whose purpose is the formation, use or distribution of public resources, with the possibility of photo, video or audio fixation of the meeting”. The attention is focused on the role of the state in establishing effective cooperation between government authorities and civil society institutes; on the example of the two ministries the ineffectiveness of public councils as direct bodies of public control at the central executive authorities is proved.Conclusions of the research and prospects for further studies. A consistent, powerful and independent cell of adequate interaction, and in some cases, the struggle for democracy, freedom of speech and human rights has not yet been created in Ukraine due to insufficient activity, consciousness, lack of motivation of civil society and despite open access to information sources, the opportunity to influence on socio-economic and political processes in the state. Only by creating favorable conditions for the development of civil society institutions, by establishing effective safeguards for possible abuse by representatives of public entities and by establishing the interaction between government authorities and the public, it is possible to achieve the desired goal: to build a conscious, active and modern civil society, which will ensure the implementation of one of the key functions of a democratic state – public control over socioeconomic processes, including public procurements.

Memórias de jogadores do futebol brasileiro - Garrincha e Pelé

Este artigo visa a contribuir para o debate sobre a presença temática do futebol em obras de cunho memorialístico. Para isso, enfocará a produção biográfica e autobiográfica em torno de duas figuras de destaque do futebol brasileiro, que marcaram época no cenário desportivo nacional e mundial, e que contribuíram para a construção do mito do “país do futebol”, um mito cambiante e em permanente transformação: Garrincha e Pelé. Serão analisadas as obras Estrela solitária: um brasileiro chamado Garrincha (1995), de Ruy Castro, e Pelé, a autobiografia (2008), de Edson Arantes do Nascimento. Para o desenvolvimento deste estudo, foi fundamental o trabalho com literatura subsidiária que possibilitou a fundamentação teórica adequada, sobretudo em torno dos gêneros “biografia” e “autobiografia”.

‘Culture Is Inseparable from Race’: Culture Wars from Pat Buchanan to Milo Yiannopoulos

‘Culture Is Inseparable from Race’: Culture Wars from Pat Buchanan to Milo Yiannopoulos

Does CBT have lasting effects in the treatment of PTSD after one year of follow-up? A systematic review of randomized controlled trials.

While several previous meta-analyses have documented the short-term efficacy of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), its long-term efficacy remains unknown. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a serious, debilitating, often chronic and disabling disease. To estimate the long-term efficacy of CBT in the treatment of PTSD by assessing the maintenance of the effect after one year of follow-up. We performed a systematic review through electronic database searches including ISI Web of Science, PubMed, PsycInfo and Pilots. We included randomized studies in which CBT was compared with a control group (waiting list or usual care) in adults with PTSD that reported at least one year of CBT follow-up. Our search identified 2,324 studies and 8 were selected. CBT was shown to be effective in the treatment of PTSD in the post-treatment period. Improvement in PTSD symptoms was statistically significant in relation to the control group. The improvement observed in the treatment group or single group (formed by both treatment group and control group, which was submitted to the intervention after a few weeks on the waiting list) was maintained in the follow-up. Due to the lack of control groups in the follow-up period in six of the eight studies included in this review, there is still no proper methodological basis to assert that CBT has lasting effects in the treatment of PTSD. Our study found serious methodological shortcomings and the need to fill this gap in the literature through the development of studies with robust and sophisticated designs.

Evaluation of multivariate adaptive non-parametric reduced-order model for solving the inverse electrocardiography problem: a simulation study.

In the inverse electrocardiography (ECG) problem, the goal is to reconstruct the heart's electrical activity from multichannel body surface potentials and a mathematical model of the torso. Over the years, researchers have employed various approaches to solve this ill-posed problem including regularization, optimization, and statistical estimation. It is still a topic of interest especially for researchers and clinicians whose goal is to adopt this technique in clinical applications. Among the wide range of mathematical tools available in the fields of operational research, inverse problems, optimization, and parameter estimation, spline-based techniques have been applied to inverse problems in several areas. If proper spline bases are chosen, the complexity of the problem can be significantly reduced while increasing estimation accuracy. However, there are few studies within the context of the inverse ECG problem that take advantage of this property of the spline-based approaches. In this paper, we evaluate the performance of Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines (MARS)-based method for the solution of the inverse ECG problem using two different collections of simulated data. The results show that the MARS-based method improves the inverse ECG solutions and is "robust" to modeling errors, especially in terms of localizing the arrhythmia sources. Graphical Abstract Multivariate adaptive non-parametric model for inverse ECG problem.

Kinetic Analysis for Biodesulfurization of Dibenzothiophene using R. rhodochrous Adsorbed on Silica

Abstract Experimental biodesulfurization (BDS) data for dibenzothiophene (DBT) (1.0-7.0 mM) with Rhodococcus rhodochorus immobilized by adsorption on silica, were adjusted with liquid-film kinetic model (Fisher coefficient, F = 592.74 and probability value p << 0.05 and r 2 = 0.97). Simulations predict the presence of considerable amounts of DBT surrounding the particles, which would be available for the cells adsorbed on the surface of silica. The greatest percentage removal (50 %) was obtained for adsorbed cell system over the suspended bacterial cells (30 %), showing that sulfur substrates are more bioavailable when the bacterial cells are adsorbed on silica. The liquid-film modelling with diffusional effects provides proper theoretical basis to explain the BDS performance obtained using adsorbed cells.

Basic Principle of Public Understanding Guideline Concerning CCS

CCS는 온실가스를 대규모로 감축할 수 있는 유용한 기술로서 미국이나 캐나다 등 세계 주요 선진 국가들은 CCS의 상용화를 위한 전략을 수립하고 실행하고 있는 상황이며, CCS를 위한 관련 법령을 제 개정하여 제도적 기반을 이미 마련해 놓은 상태이다. 이를 고려할때 우리나라의 경우 우리의 실정에 맞는 CCS 법제도적 기반의 마련이 필요하고, CCS에 대한 일반국민의 이해도가 상당히 낮다는 점을 고려할 때 원활한 CCS 기술개발과 그 실행을 위해서는 관련 법적 기반마련과 함께, 다음과 같은 파급효과를 위해서 대국민 홍보 활동 등 대중소통이 적극적으로 진행되어야 할 것이다. 기후변화 및 환경적 측면에서 CCS 사업의 원활한 추진을 위해서는 일반국민의 인식 제고가 필요하고 CCS에 대한 적극적인 대국민 소통활동을 통해 환경과 기후변화 대응 방법에 대한 대국민 이해를 증진시킬 수 있다. 경제사회적 측면에서 차질 없는 원활한 CCS 프로젝트 추진을 통한 CCS 프로젝트 기간의 최적화로 프로젝트의 경제성을 증대시킬 수 있다. 과학기술적 측면에서 기후변화 대응을 위한 과학기술에 대한 국민의 올바른 이해는 CCS 기술개발을 촉진할 수 있는 여론기반이 될 수 있다. 이러한 점을 염두에 두고 본 논문에서는 제2장에서 대중소통 가이드라인의 개요와 제정원칙, 제3장에서 대중소통을 위한 기본원칙, 제4장에서 대중소통을 위한 주요 고려 사항 및 CCS에 대한 대국민 인식도 조사를 살펴본 후 결론을 도출하였다.Carbon dioxide Capture and Storage(CCS) is a large-scale reducing technique of Greenhouse Gas and major advanced countries such as USA and Canada etc. have made a strategy for commercialization of CCS and practiced it, into the bargain, prepared for legal framework for CCS by making new law or revising existing law on ccs. Considering the fact that Korea needs to prepare a proper legal basis for our situation and that the public understanding of CCS is very low, along with the relevant legal basis for the development of CCS technology and its implementation, In order to promote the CCS project smoothly in terms of climate change and environment, it is necessary to raise awareness among the general public and promote understanding of the environment and how to respond to climate change through active public communication activities. Optimizing the duration of the CCS project through the smooth implementation of the CCS project in terms of economic and social aspects can increase the economics of the project. From a scientific standpoint, a good public understanding of science and technology for responding to climate change could be the basis for public opinion to promote CCS technology development. With this in mind, we also looked at the outline of public understanding toward CCS and the principles of making public understanding in Chapter 2, the basic principles for public understanding in Chapter 3, the major considerations for public understanding and survey on public perception toward CCS in Chapter 4, and drew a conclusion in Chapter 5.

The Memory of the Heart.

The embryological development of the heart is one of the most fascinating phenomena in nature and so is its final structure and function. The various ontogenetic passages form the evolutive basis of the final configuration of the heart. Each key step can be recognized in the final features, as the heart maintains a kind of “memory” of these passages. We can identify the major lines of development of the heart and trace these lines up to the mature organ. The aim of this review is to identify these key parameters of cardiac structure and function as essential elements of the heart’s proper functioning and bases for its treatment. We aim to track key steps of heart development to identify what it “remembers” and maintains in its final form as positively selected. A new vision based on the whole acquired knowledge must guide an in-depth scientific approach in future papers and guidelines on the topic and a complete, farsighted therapeutic conduct able to ensure the physiological correction of cardiac pathologies. The application of this modern, functional vision of the heart could improve the clinical treatment of heart disease, filling the gaps still present.

A Novel Recovery Method of Soft X-ray Spectrum Unfolding Based on Compressive Sensing

In the experiment of inertial confinement fusion, soft X-ray spectrum unfolding can provide important information to optimize the design of the laser and target. As the laser beams increase, there are limited locations for installing detection channels to obtain measurements, and the soft X-ray spectrum can be difficult to recover. In this paper, a novel recovery method of soft X-ray spectrum unfolding based on compressive sensing is proposed, in which (1) the spectrum recovery is formulated as a problem of accurate signal recovery from very few measurements (i.e., compressive sensing), and (2) the proper basis atoms are selected adaptively over a Legendre orthogonal basis dictionary with a large size and Lasso regression in the sense of ℓ1 norm, which enables the spectrum to be accurately recovered with little measured data from the limited detection channels. Finally, the presented approach is validated with experimental data. The results show that it can still achieve comparable accuracy from only 8 spectrometer detection channels as it has previously done from 14 detection channels. This means that the presented approach is capable of recovering spectrum from the data of limited detection channels, and it can be used to save more space for other detectors.

A NMF-Based Image Restoration Scheme With Applications to LED Integrated Substrate Defect Detection

To examine surface quality of light emitting diode (LED) substrates, human visual inspection is commonly used. However, manual inspection is not reliable because patterns of an integrated substrate are small and repeating. This paper describes a machine vision method for auto-detecting defects embedded on LED substrates. Image of arranged substrates is first grabbed. A global image restoration scheme based on non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) is used to reconstruct a non-negative matrix approximation (NMA) using a matrix of lower dimension and a weight matrix with non-negative elements. Repeating patterns of NMF output, i.e., NMA, can be considered similar to its input counterpart that defects have been excluded. Defects thus can be efficiently revealed by subtracting grabbed image from NMA. A procedure to determine proper basis space size of a specific image using pseudo singular value and a procedure to initialize a proper pair of factors using non-negative double singular value decomposition are also described. The proposed method is compared with methods of Lu and Tsai (2005), Lu and Tsai (2008), Perng and Chen (2010) and Chen and Perng (2011). Overall, results show that G-measure for proposed method under conditions of normal and various exceptions is higher than other available low-rank approximation methods.

Three-loop planar master integrals for heavy-to-light form factors

We calculate analytically the three-loop planar master integrals relevant for heavy-to-light form factors using the method of differential equations. After choosing a proper canonical basis, the boundary conditions are easy to be determined, and the solution of differential equations is greatly simplified. The results for seventy-one master integrals at general kinematics are all expressed in terms of harmonic polylogarithms.

On the development of the exact two-component relativistic method for calculating indirect NMR spin-spin coupling constants

Recently, to obtain the proper basis functions of small component spinors from the basis functions of large component spinors, the restricted magnetic balance (RMB) has been used in relativistic calculations of molecular magnetic properties, instead of the restricted kinetic balance (RKB). In this study, we attempt to develop the RMB-based exact two-component relativistic method, i.e., RMB-based normalized elimination of the small component (RMB-NESC) method for calculating indirect NMR spin-spin coupling constants (SSCCs), as well as the RKB-NESC method. The RMB-NESC SSCC formulas require complicated one-electron integrals, unlike the RKB-NESC SSCC formulas. However, the standard integral evaluation method for the complicated integrals has not yet been established, while we calculate them by using the finite-size nuclear model and partial integration. By comparison with the RKB-NESC and experimental SSCC values, we discuss whether the RMB-NESC results are valid. Finally, we conclude that our calculation for the complicated integrals must have some problems.

El punto de partida de la filosofía en Risieri Frondizi y el pragmatismo

The work of Risieri Frondizi (1910-1983) is an important historical and philosophical connection between the Hispanic world and American philosophy. Frondizi shares with the classical American pragmatists, especially with John Dewey, (1) the same criticism of the starting point of modern philosophy, and (2) a defense of ‘experience’ as the proper basis for any philosophical inquiry. Moreover, (3) Frondizi can be read as making significant and original contributions to the history of doctrines such as pragmatism, which take ‘experience’ as their starting point.

Fatigue Design Recommendations for Conical Connections in Tubular Structures

Conical connections are important structural members for the integrity of most types of welded tubular structures. They are for example used in traditional jacket structures for oil and gas production and in monopiles for support of wind turbines where an optimal design is aimed for. From contact with the industry, it is noted that there is uncertainty about the basis for the stress concentration factors (SCF) for conical connections in design standards for fatigue assessment. This is related to how fabrication tolerances are accounted for and how a transition in thickness from the cone to the tubular or the cylinder should be made to minimize stresses due to thickness transitions and fabrication tolerances. Analytical expressions for stress concentrations at conical transitions are outlined in this paper to get a better understanding of the effect of thickness of the cone and the cylinder. By a proper basis for fatigue design, it is possible to control additional stresses from thickness transitions and fabrication tolerances at these connections.

Strategy management of construction workspaces by conflict resolution algorithm and visualization model

PurposeThe spatial conflicts and congestion of construction resources are challenges that lead to the reduction in efficiency. The purpose of this paper is to enable users to detect and resolve workspace conflicts by implementing four resolution strategies in a five-dimensional (5D) CAD model. In addition to resolving conflicts, the model should be able to optimize time and cost of the projects. In other words, three variables of spatial conflicts, time and cost of project are considered simultaneously in the proposed model to find the optimum solution.Design/methodology/approachIn the first step, a 5D simulation model is developed that includes time, cost and geometrical information of a project. Then, time-cost trade-off analysis was carried out to distinguish optimum schedule. The schedule was imported to the 5D CAD model to detect spatial conflicts. Finally, a novel algorithm was implemented to solve identified conflicts while imposing minimum project’s time and cost. Several iterations are performed to resolve all clashes using conflict resolution algorithm and visual simulation model.FindingsThe proposed methodology in this research was applied to a real case. Results showed that in comparison to the normal and initial schedule with 19 conflicts, the finalized schedule has no conflict, while time and cost of the project are both reduced.Research limitations/implicationsImplementing the proposed methodology in construction projects requires proper technical basis in this field. In this regard, the executive user should have a proper understanding of the principles, concepts and tools of building information modeling and have project management knowledge. Also, the implementation conditions of the basic model requires the determination of the construction methods, estimated volumes of working items, scheduling and technical specification. The designed methodology also has two limitations regarding to its implementation. The first is the fact that strategies should be applied manually to the schedule. The other one pertains to the number of strategies used in the research. Four strategies have been used in the conflict resolution algorithm directly and the two others (spatial divisibility and activities breakdown strategies) have been used as default strategies in the visual simulation model. Since the unused strategies including the changing of construction method and the activity resources are subjective and depend upon the planner and project manager’s personal opinion, the authors have avoided using them in this research.Practical implicationsThe method proposed in this research contributes the coordination of the working teams at the planning and execution phases of the project. In fact, the best location and work direction for each working team is presented as a schedule, so that the space conflict may not come about and the cost can be minimized. This visual simulation not only deepens the planners’ views about the executive barriers and the spatial conditions of the worksite, it also makes the construction engineers familiar on a daily basis with their executive scope. Therefore, it considerably improves the interactions and communication of the planning and construction teams. Another advantage and application of this methodology is the use of initial and available projects’ documents including the schedule and two-dimensional drawings. The integration of these basic documents in this methodology helps identify the spatial conflicts efficiently. To achieve this, the use of the existing and widely-used construction tools has facilitated the implementation of the methodology. Using this system, planners have applied the strategies in an order of priority and can observe the results of each strategy visually and numerically in terms of time, cost and conflicts. This methodology by providing the effective resolution strategies guides the practitioner to remove conflicts while optimum time and cost are imposed to project.Originality/valueContrary to the previous models that ignore cost, the proposed model is a 5D visual simulation model, which considers the variable of cost as a main factor for conflict identification and resolution. Moreover, a forward-pass approach is introduced to implement resolution strategies that are novel compared to other investigations.