Propensity Index Research Articles

Study on the oxidized gas production characteristics and spontaneous combustion tendency of pre-oxidized water-soaked coal in lean-oxygen environments.

The oxidation characteristics and spontaneous combustion (SC) tendency of raw long-flame coal (RC), water-soaked 200-day coal (S200), pre-oxidized water-soaked coal at 200°C (O200S200), and pre-oxidized soaked coal at 300°C (O300S200) in an oxygen-poor environment were investigated using a programmed warming system. The results show that pre-oxidation water-soaked treatment (PWT) promotes the coal-oxygen complex reaction and increases the rate of coal oxygen consumption (OCR) and the rate of carbon and oxygen compound production. The rate of CO and CO2 production of the water-soaked (WS) coal increased by 0.329mol·(cm3·s)-1 and 0.922mol·(cm3·s)-1, respectively, compared with that of the original coal sample. PWT reduces the activation energy of coal in the low-temperature oxidation stage (the maximum difference can be up to 110.99kJ/mol) and enhances the oxidizing and heat-releasing capacity. There was a synergistic effect between the pre-oxidation (PO) and WS treatment, and the lowest comprehensive determination index of the SC propensity of coal in O200S200 samples was 831.92 which was 4.72 lower than that of RC samples, presenting a more SC tendency. Low oxygen concentration has an inhibitory effect on the oxidation characteristic parameters of coal, and the apparent activation energy of the low-temperature oxidation stage of pre-oxidized water-soaked coal (PWC) increased to 206.418kJ/mol at 3% oxygen concentration. The lower the oxygen concentration of the anoxic environment, the lower the risk of SC of the coal samples. The results of the study can provide theoretical guidance for the identification and prevention of SC disasters in coal seams with shallow burial and close spacing.

Ethnic Vigilantism Propensity Index: Evidence from the Russian Federation

Ethnic Vigilantism Propensity Index: Evidence from the Russian Federation

Research on Information Dissemination Based on Propensity Index

Research on Information Dissemination Based on Propensity Index

A Highly Accurate Model for Screening Prostate Cancer Using Propensity Index Panel of Ten Genes.

A Highly Accurate Model for Screening Prostate Cancer Using Propensity Index Panel of Ten Genes.

Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Framework for Determining Public Microtransit Service Zones

The paper addresses a critical research gap in the literature by focusing on the identification of service areas for microtransit. It presents a framework for identifying areas where microtransit would have a higher potential for success. The primary objective is to assist agencies in their efforts to provide microtransit services by offering a robust and flexible decision-making framework. This framework serves as an intermediate step between an initial planning study that identifies candidate zones and a detailed feasibility study, which is currently missing in the literature. The framework is a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) process that can be applicable to various contexts. Specifically, our approach utilizes a lexicographic decision rule for ranking microtransit service priority measures for each census block of a selected region, such as a county. We employ two composite measures for ranking: Microtransit Propensity Index (MPI) and Weighted Accessibility Score (WAS). The latter combines transit access to work and to eight points of interest (POIs). This framework can be adapted to identify zones suitable for microtransit service based on different objectives, such as connecting residents to transit centers, providing first- and last-mile connections, providing services in transit deserts, providing flexible transit service to low-income communities, or providing access to the POIs within a zone. The effectiveness of the proposed framework is evaluated using the case of Prince George’s County in Maryland. The results reveal that our approach provides greater insights into the feasibility of an area for microtransit compared with relying solely on a single index such as MPI.

The effect of riparian forest on landscape connectivity for the EPT community across European regions

AbstractEphemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera are three orders of freshwater macroinvertebrates with a short terrestrial adult life-stage that they use to disperse by flying upstream. This aerial dispersal can be assisted by native riparian forest, but regional variation has not yet been empirically tested. In this study we compared the EPT community of 153 sampling sites located in freshwater streams in four European regions (Central Plains, Central Highlands, Alps, Iberia). In each site, we assessed the EPT community dispersal ability using the Species Flying Propensity index. We also calculated the native deciduous forest cover in the riparian buffer and several environmental stressors such as saprobic pollution or catchment anthropization. Finally, we tested which of these parameters have a significant effect on the EPT community. In the Central Highlands and in Iberia, the share of weak dispersers increased with native deciduous forest cover, indicating a positive effect on dispersal of EPTs. In the Central Plains and the Alps, no such effect was found. We conclude that the effect of native deciduous forest depends on regional landscape characteristics and the regional species pool, but considering the dispersal of the regional EPT communities is needed to create effective river management policies.

Cluster Mechanism of the Explosive Processes Initiation in the Matter

The relationship between substance characteristic temperatures: autoignition, melting, flash, boiling is demonstrated and analyzed. Based on the oscillatory and step changes presence, a conclusion was made about the supramolecular structures presence and periodicity in the n-alkanes homologous series. A method for modeling equivalent lengths of peroxide supramolecular structures for predicting the explosion and fire hazard parameters of n-alkanes is proposed. An approximation dependence was developed for predicting autoignition temperatures tai of n-alkanes. It is shown that stoichiometric concentrations of the various supramolecular peroxide structures formation accord to different flammability and explosion limits. A correlation between tai and Anti-Knock Index (AKI) was established. An approximation dependence was developed for predicting n-alkanes AKI. The detonation propensity index КD was introduced based on cluster supramolecular structures modeling and melting temperatures. It is shown that КD indicator correlates with the n-alkanes AKI and with the explosives detonation velocity. The possibility of taking into account during calculations the supramolecular structures presence at the combustion stage confirms their existence.

The Influence of Large-Scale Radiation Anomalies on Tropical Cyclone Frequency

Abstract The response of tropical cyclone (TC) frequency to sea surface warming is uncertain in climate models. We hypothesize that one source of uncertainty is the anomalies of large-scale atmospheric radiation in response to climate change, and whose influence on TC frequency is investigated. Given two atmospheric models with opposite TC frequency responses to uniform sea surface warming, we interchange their atmospheric radiation anomalies in experiments with prescribed radiative heating rates. The largest model discrepancy occurs in the western North Pacific, where the TC frequency tends to increase with anomalous large-scale ascent caused by prescribed positive radiation anomalies, while the TC frequency tends to decrease with anomalous large-scale descent caused by prescribed negative radiation anomalies. The model spread in TC frequency response is approximated by the model spread in the frequency response of pre-TC vortices (seeds), which is explained by changes in the large-scale circulation using a downscaling formula known as the seed propensity index. We further generalize the index to predict the influence of large-scale radiation anomalies on TC seed frequency. The results show that model spread in TC and seed frequency response can be reduced when constraining the large-scale radiation anomalies. Significance Statement It is difficult to predict whether tropical cyclones will occur more or less frequently in the future and by how much. We show that tropical cyclone frequency is strongly influenced by the global pattern of heating and cooling due to radiation, a process that has been neglected in existing theories. Our theory improves understanding of how tropical cyclones respond to climate change, explaining why one model may predict a frequency increase while a different but equally realistic model may predict a frequency decrease. One reason for the difficulty in predicting tropical cyclone frequency is found to be the difficulty in predicting how global cloud distribution will change in the future.

Agriculture 4.0: Is Mexico Ready?

Objective: To analyze the possibilities and actions required to foster the introduction of technologies consistent with the term “agriculture 4.0” in Mexico.Design/Methodology/Approach: To identify providers of technology in Mexico. To present the cost-benefit equation regarding the adoption of said technology as applied to the cultivation of maize in different regions. Todesign and construct an adoption propensity index that will serve as a basis to propose focused and adequate actions to remove technology access barriers.Results: Mexico has a young and wide offer of technology, both tangible and intangible, where digital platforms of agricultural management, mobile apps, and remote monitoring predominate. The cost-benefit relationshipoffers a large margin to adopt new technologies. However, there are adoption barriers (related to education or infrastructure, for instance) that represent a challenge to different regions of the country: the northern,northeastern, and western states of Mexico are more likely to adopt new technologies.Study limitations/Implications: Further experimental and field analysesare required to delve deeper into potential additional barriers (culture-related, for example). Agro productividad 2022. https://doi.org/10.32854/xxxxxx (Los autores no deben realizar ningún cambio en este apartado) 2 of 8 Findings/Conclusions: The cost-benefit analysis offers a large margin foradoption. However, the propensity to adopt is associated to restrictingfactors such as the producers’ educational level, the production unit’s sizeand level of mechanization, the access to and use of Information andCommunication Technologies, and the telecoms infrastructure, whosegeographic disparity is significant. The public sector’s intervention isdesirable to reduce the gap between the supply and demand oftechnologies, as well as the access barriers to the latter.

Imbalanced weighting of proactive and reactive control as a marker of risk-taking propensity.

According to the dual mechanisms of control (DMC), reactive and proactive control are involved in adjusting behaviors when maladapted to the environment. However, both contextual and inter-individual factors increase the weight of one control mechanism over the other, by influencing their cognitive costs. According to one of the DMC postulates, limited reactive control capacities should be counterbalanced by greater proactive control to ensure control efficiency. Moreover, as the flexible weighting between reactive and proactive control is key for adaptive behaviors, we expected that maladaptive behaviors, such as risk-taking, would be characterized by an absence of such counterbalance. However, to our knowledge, no studies have yet investigated this postulate. In the current study, we analyzed the performances of 176 participants on two reaction time tasks (Simon and Stop Signal tasks) and a risk-taking assessment (Balloon Analog Risk Taking, BART). The post-error slowing in the Simon task was used to reflect the spontaneous individuals' tendency to proactively adjust behaviors after an error. The Stop Signal Reaction Time was used to assess reactive inhibition capacities and the duration of the button press in the BART was used as an index of risk-taking propensity. Results showed that poorer reactive inhibition capacities predicted greater proactive adjustments after an error. Furthermore, the higher the risk-taking propensity, the less reactive inhibition capacities predicted proactive behavioral adjustments. The reported results suggest that higher risk-taking is associated with a smaller weighting of proactive control in response to limited reactive inhibition capacities. These findings highlight the importance of considering the imbalanced weighting of reactive and proactive control in the analysis of risk-taking, and in a broader sense, maladaptive behaviors.

Contribution of obstructive sleep apnea to disrupted sleep in a large clinical cohort of patients with suspected obstructive sleep apnea.

The response of sleep depth to CPAP in patients with OSA is unpredictable. The odds-ratio-product (ORP) is a continuous index of sleep depth and wake propensity that distinguishes different sleep depths within sleep stages, and different levels of vigilance during stage wake. When expressed as fractions of time spent in different ORP deciles, nine distinctive patterns are found. Only three of these are associated with OSA. We sought to determine whether sleep depth improves on CPAP exclusively in patients with these three ORP patterns. ORP was measured during the diagnostic and therapeutic components of 576 split-night polysomnographic (PSG) studies. ORP architecture in the diagnostic section was classified into one of the nine possible ORP patterns and the changes in sleep architecture were determined on CPAP for each of these patterns. ORP architecture was similarly determined in the first half of 760 full-night diagnostic PSG studies and the changes in the second half were measured to control for differences in sleep architecture between the early and late portions of sleep time in the absence of CPAP. Frequency of the three ORP patterns increased progressively with the apnea-hypopnea index. Sleep depth improved significantly on CPAP only in the three ORP patterns associated with OSA. Changes in CPAP in the other six patterns, or in full diagnostic PSG studies, were insignificant or paradoxical. ORP architecture types can identify patients in whom OSA adversely affects sleep and whose sleep is expected to improve on CPAP therapy.

МІЖНАРОДНА ІНТЕГРАЦІЯ РЕГІОНІВ УКРАЇНИ В СИСТЕМІ ЦІЛЕЙ ЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ ПОЛІТИКИ

Тask statement. Ukraine defends its right to implement European and Euro-Atlantic integration. The recovery of the country after the war will depend on the effectiveness of integration to a large extent. Specifying the goals of economic policy at the metho- and macro-level to stimulate the international economic integration of Ukraine in the post-war period is the purpose of this study. Research results. The first task of this study was to calculate the propensity index for international migration of the regions and economic districts of Ukraine. The dynamics of the index are analyzed for the period 2016-2021. Formation of the integration activity matrix of the regions, taking into account the influence of the external environment of the relevant economic district, was the second task of the study. The third task provided for the identification of the main goals of intensifying the international integration of the regions of Ukraine in the post-war period. Conclusion. It has been confirmed that the vast majority of border regions have an index of propensity for international integration from a medium to a high level. A significant gap between the integration activity of the city of Kyiv and other regions has been recorded. Attention is focused on the renewable potential of the Donetsk and Luhansk regions, which, even under the conditions of partial occupation, maintained integration activity at a medium and high level. Internal disparities for three out of six economic regions of Ukraine were revealed. The substantiation of the goals of the policy of stimulating international integration was carried out both for the national level and for the regions.

The RES approach for debris flow susceptibility analysis: A case study

Climate change has increased the occurrence and magnitude of debris flow events, especially in mountain areas. Moreover, their unpredictability requires to develop reliable methodologies for the evaluation of debris flow susceptibility, which is the starting point for risk assessment and management. In this paper, a modified version of the Debris flow Propensity Index (DfPI) is developed for the debris flow susceptibility estimation at basin scale. Bedrock lithology, fracture network, quaternary deposits, slope angle, channel network, and land use were identified as debris flow predisposing factors and were indexed by using open-access data and geodatabases. The objective of the proposed study is to develop a simple and economic procedure for the susceptibility estimation, easily to implement in GIS-based software for further analyses, such as propagation simulations or hazard scenarios, useful for planning mitigation strategies. The Can? Valley, a small valley located in the more famous Camonica Valley, (Lombardia Region, Northern Italy), was used as a case study for developing and testing the proposed approach.

Debris flow susceptibility mapping using the Rock Engineering System (RES) method: a case study

The main purpose of the present study is to develop a debris flow susceptibility map of a mountain area (Susa Valley, Western Italian Alps) by using an upgraded version of the Bonetto et al. (Journal of Mountain Science 18, 2021) approach based on the Rock Engineering System (RES) method. In particular, the area under investigation was discretized in a 5 × 5-m grid on which GIS-based analyses were performed. Starting from available databases, several geological, geo-structural, morphological and hydrographical predisposing parameters were identified and codified into two interaction matrices (one for outcropping lithologies and one for Quaternary deposits), to evaluate their mutual interactions and their weight in the susceptibility estimation. The result for each grid point is the debris flow propensity index (DfPI), an index that estimates the susceptibility of the cell to be a potential debris flow source. The debris flow susceptibility map obtained was compared with those obtained from two expedited and universally recognized susceptibility methods, i.e. the Regional Qualitative Heuristic Susceptibility Mapping (RQHSM) and the Likelihood Ratio (LR). Each map was validated by using the Prediction Rate Curve method. The limitations and strong points of the approaches analysed are discussed, with a focus on the innovativeness and uniqueness of the RES. In fact, in the study site, the RES method was the most efficient for the detection of potential source areas. These results prove its robustness, cost-effectiveness and speed of application in the identification and mapping of sectors capable of triggering debris flow.

The Potential of Vietnam's Agricultural Exports to the Indian Market: Analysis of Supply and Demand Factors

To assess the potential of Vietnam's agricultural exports to the Indian market through the analysis of trade indicators from analyzing Vietnam’s supply factor and India’s demand factor, the study using Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Export Propensity Index (EPI), Import Penetration Index (IPI) and balance of trade (BOT) on agricultural products in subheadings (6-digit HS code) specified from chapter 1 to chapter 24. The study indicates that Vietnam's agricultural products with great potential for export to the Indian market are (1) Pepper of the genus Piper, neither crushed nor ground (HS090411); (2) Juniper berries and seeds of anise, badian, caraway, or fennel, neither crushed nor ground (HS090961); (3) Plants, parts of plants, incl. seeds, and fruits, used primarily in perfumery, in pharmacy or for insecticidal, fungicidal or similar purposes, fresh or dried, whether or not cut, crushed or powdered (excluding ginseng roots, coca leaf and poppy straw) (HS121190); (4) Non-alcoholic beverages (excluding water, fruit or vegetable juices and milk) (HS220290); (5) Preparations of a kind used in animal feeding (excluding dog or cat food put up for retail sale) (HS230990). As a result, Vietnamese businesses interested in exporting to India could explore these items.

Understanding the Stabilizing Effect of Histidine on mAb Aggregation: A Molecular Dynamics Study.

Histidine, a widely used buffer in monoclonal antibody (mAb) formulations, is known to reduce antibody aggregation. While experimental studies suggest a nonelectrostatic, nonstructural (relating to secondary structure preservation) origin of the phenomenon, the underlying microscopic mechanism behind the histidine action is still unknown. Understanding this mechanism will help evaluate and predict the stabilizing effect of this buffer under different experimental conditions and for different mAbs. We have used all-atom molecular dynamics simulations and contact-based free energy calculations to investigate molecular-level interactions between the histidine buffer and mAbs, which lead to the observed stability of therapeutic formulations in the presence of histidine. We reformulate the Spatial Aggregation Propensity index by including the buffer–protein interactions. The buffer adsorption on the protein surface leads to lower exposure of the hydrophobic regions to water. Our analysis indicates that the mechanism behind the stabilizing action of histidine is connected to the shielding of the solvent-exposed hydrophobic regions on the protein surface by the buffer molecules.

Synthesis and Spectral Characterisation of new Benzothiazole-based Schiff Base Ligand and its Co(III) and Ni(II) Complexes as DNA Binding and DNA Cleavage Agents

Herein we report the synthesis of Schiff base, 2-((E)-(2-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)phenylimino)methyl)-5-fluorophenol (BTF) and its complexes A1 [Co(BTF)2Cl], A2 [Co(BTF)PhCl]Cl, A3 [Ni(BTF)2] and A4 [Ni(BTF)Ph]Cl. The synthesized compounds were structurally characterized by elemental analysis, NMR (1H and 13C), UV-Visible, FT-IR, ESI-MS, TGA-DTA, magnetic data measurement, and molar conductivity studies. The prepared complexes were subjected to CT-DNA interaction and monitored using UV absorption, fluorescence emission probe, and viscosity measurements. The DNA binding properties were quantified by Kb and Ksv data, indicating that A2 and A4 showed promising DNA binding propensity index, mainly suggesting the groove mode of intercalation. The DNA incision property of the complex A2 and A4 was carried out by gel electrophoresis method, effectively confirming circular form conversion into nicked form. Further, the biological profile assay was also extended to antimicrobial studies against E.coli, B.subtilis, S.aureus, P.aeruginosa, C.albicans, and A. niger. The microbial inhibition property showed profound activity for A2 complex with an increase in hydrophobic nature. In addition, all the complexes were also screened for their antioxidant activity.

Model Spread in the Tropical Cyclone Frequency and Seed Propensity Index Across Global Warming and ENSO‐Like Perturbations

AbstractThe future projection of tropical cyclone frequency is highly uncertain. Recent multi‐model studies showed that the model spread in tropical cyclones is correlated with the model spread in seeds, which are defined as convective weak vortices. However, it was unclear how the model spread is related to the large‐scale circulation. Here we apply a downscaling theory recently developed using aquaplanet experiments to explain the seed frequency across four global atmospheric models having different parameterizations of convection and resolutions. The seed frequency has a larger model spread in response to uniform warming than to CO2 doubling or El Niño/La Niña‐like sea surface temperature perturbations. Across all climate perturbations, the seed frequency is captured by the downscaling theory, expressed as a seed propensity index. The index highlights the connection between the tropical cyclone seeds and the climatological mean ascent pattern.

Outrage fatigue? Cognitive costs and decisions to blame

Across nine studies (N = 1672), we assessed the link between cognitive costs and the choice to express outrage by blaming. We developed the Blame Selection Task, a binary free-choice paradigm that examines individuals’ propensity to blame transgressors (versus an alternative choice)—either before or after reading vignettes and viewing images of moral transgressions. We hypothesized that participants’ choice to blame wrongdoers would negatively relate to how cognitively inefficacious, effortful, and aversive blaming feels (compared to the alternative choice). With vignettes, participants approached blaming and reported that blaming felt more efficacious. With images, participants avoided blaming and reported that blaming felt more inefficacious, effortful, and aversive. Blame choice was greater for vignette-based transgressions than image-based transgressions. Blame choice was positively related to moral personality constructs, blame-related norms, and perceived efficacy of blaming, and inversely related to perceived effort and aversion of blaming. The BST is a valid behavioral index of blame propensity, and choosing to blame is linked to its cognitive costs.

ОЦІНКА ДОЦІЛЬНОСТІ РЕАЛІЗАЦІЇ ІНВЕСТИЦІЙНИХ ПРОГРАМ В ПЕВНИХ РЕГІОНАХ ЗАДЛЯ ПІДТРИМКИ ПІДПРИЄМНИЦТВА

The article substantiates the need to develop methodological principles for assessing the feasibility of implementing investment programs in individual regions. An algorithm for assessing the attractiveness of regions for the implementation of investment programs to support entrepreneurship in individual regions, taking into account their economic potential and industry orientation. The developed algorithm includes five main stages. At the first stage, the selection and generalization of economic indicators is carried out to assess the attractiveness of the region for the implementation of investment programs to support entrepreneurship by hierarchical analysis. To this end, a group of regional experts is created, which involves highly qualified specialists with extensive practical experience in various fields of economic activity (business environment, financial, fiscal and budgetary sphere, representatives of scientific schools, the public, etc.). At the second stage, the integrated indicator of assessing the attractiveness of regions for the implementation of investment programs to support entrepreneurship is calculated, using the index of small business activity and the index of propensity of regions to implement investment programs to support entrepreneurship. At the third stage, the integrated indicator of the region is assessed, its rating and compliance with one of the three groups of propensity to implement investment programs to support entrepreneurship are determined. At the fourth stage, a matrix of attractiveness of regions for the implementation of investment programs to support entrepreneurship is built and its data are interpreted. It is proposed to distinguish two groups of regions according to the index of small business activity (relatively high and relatively low activity) and three groups according to the index of propensity to implement investment support programs (high, moderate and low propensity). At the last stage, an assessment of the region's sectoral orientation is carried out in order to select the priority of investment programs to support entrepreneurship.