Propensity For Interactions Research Articles

Clinical pharmacology profile of vorinostat, a histone deacetylase inhibitor

Vorinostat is a histone deacetylase inhibitor that has demonstrated preclinical activity in numerous cancer models. Clinical activity has been demonstrated in patients with a variety of malignancies. Vorinostat is presently indicated for the treatment of patients with advanced cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL). Clinical investigation is ongoing for therapy of other solid tumors and hematological malignancies either as monotherapy or in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents. This review summarizes the pharmacokinetic properties of vorinostat. Monotherapy pharmacokinetic data across a number of pharmacokinetic studies were reviewed, and data are presented. In addition, literature review was performed to obtain published Phase I and II pharmacokinetic combination therapy data to identify and characterize potential drug interactions with vorinostat. Pharmacokinetic data in special populations were also reviewed. The clinical pharmacology profile of vorinostat is favorable, exhibiting dose-proportional pharmacokinetics and modest food effect. There appear to be no major differences in the pharmacokinetics of vorinostat in special populations, including varying demographics and hepatic dysfunction. Combination therapy pharmacokinetic data indicate that vorinostat has a low propensity for drug interactions. Vorinostat's favorable clinical pharmacology and drug interaction profile aid in the ease of administration of vorinostat for the treatment of advanced CTCL and will be beneficial in continued assessment for other oncologic indications. Although a number of studies have been conducted to elucidate the detailed pharmacokinetic profile of vorinostat, more rigorous assessment of vorinostat pharmacokinetics, including clinical drug interaction studies, will be informative.

The versatile role of the ethynyl group in crystal packing: an interaction propensity study

It is well documented that the ethynyl group can act as a hydrogen-bond donor via its acidic C-H, and as a hydrogen-bond acceptor via the triple-bond π-density. Using the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD), it is shown that C-C≡C-H forms hydrogen bonds to N, O, S or halogens in 74% of structures in which these bonds can form. Additionally, the ethynyl group forms C-H···π interactions with itself or with phenyl groups in 23% of structures and accepts hydrogen bonds from O-H, N-H or C(aromatic)-H in 47% of structures where such bonds are possible. Overall, C-C≡C-H acts as a donor or acceptor in 87% of structures in which it occurs. These propensities for hydrogen-bond formation have been determined using quite tight geometrical constraints, and many more ethynyl groups form interactions with only slight relaxations of these constraints. We conclude that the ethynyl group makes crucial contributions to molecular aggregation in crystal structures, and this is exemplified by hydrogen-bond predictions for specific structures made using the statistical propensity tool now available in CSD system software.

Sequence-Based Prediction of microRNA-Binding Residues in Proteins Using Cost-Sensitive Laplacian Support Vector Machines

The recognition of microRNA (miRNA)-binding residues in proteins is helpful to understand how miRNAs silence their target genes. It is difficult to use existing computational method to predict miRNA-binding residues in proteins due to the lack of training examples. To address this issue, unlabeled data may be exploited to help construct a computational model. Semisupervised learning deals with methods for exploiting unlabeled data in addition to labeled data automatically to improve learning performance, where no human intervention is assumed. In addition, miRNA-binding proteins almost always contain a much smaller number of binding than nonbinding residues, and cost-sensitive learning has been deemed as a good solution to the class imbalance problem. In this work, a novel model is proposed for recognizing miRNA-binding residues in proteins from sequences using a cost-sensitive extension of Laplacian support vector machines (CS-LapSVM) with a hybrid feature. The hybrid feature consists of evolutionary information of the amino acid sequence (position-specific scoring matrices), the conservation information about three biochemical properties (HKM) and mutual interaction propensities in protein-miRNA complex structures. The CS-LapSVM receives good performance with an F1 score of 26.23 ± 2.55% and an AUC value of 0.805 ± 0.020 superior to existing approaches for the recognition of RNA-binding residues. A web server called SARS is built and freely available for academic usage.

The pharmacokinetic evaluation of mirabegron as an overactive bladder therapy option

Introduction: Mirabegron is a new once-daily, oral treatment for management of overactive bladder (OAB) that is approved in USA, EU and Japan. It activates β3 adrenoceptor to facilitate bladder filling and reduce mean micturition frequency with better safety profile than current treatment of antimuscarinic drugs.Areas covered: The following article reviews the information available from published randomized trials on the metabolism and pharmacokinetics mirabegron. The reader will gain better insight into the variability in plasma exposure of mirabegron due to various causes. Propensity for drug interactions with mirabegron is low as its clearance involves multiple metabolic and excretory pathways. Mirabegron is generally well tolerated, but its pharmacokinetics is altered by dose and gender with implications for cardiovascular toxicity.Expert opinion: Mirabegron is a first-in-class of β3 adrenoceptor agonists that could offer an alternative to antimuscarinics for OAB patients. The marketed dose of 50 mg achieves primary efficacy endpoints but causes only modest improvement over placebo in terms of daily incontinence and voiding episodes. Involvement of saturable efflux transporters is indicated in oral bioavailability of mirabegron. It is well tolerated with hypertension, nasopharyngitis, urinary tract infection and headache being the most common side effects.

A Single Amino Acid Substitution Alters Omnipotent eRF1 of Dileptus to Euplotes-type Dualpotent eRF1: Standard Codon Usage May be Advantageous in Raptorial Ciliates

Most ciliates use a deviant genetic code. Eukaryotic release factor (eRF1) appears to play an important role in the process of reassignment of stop codons. Although the precise site on eRF1 for recognition of stop codons remains obscure, studies have suggested that the tip region NIKS and its adjacent YxCxxxF motifs in domain 1 are important for stop codon recognition. Litostomatea is a class of ciliate that appears to use the standard genetic code. We used Dileptus (Litostomatea) eRF1 in this study to identify key residues located in or near the YxCxxxF motif. We predicted sites involving stop codon recognition by computational calculation of RNA-protein interaction propensity. We introduced mutations at the predicted sites of Dileptus eRF1 and examined the activity of the mutated Dileptus eRF1 using in vivo assay systems. The results show that the single mutation R128I (Dileptus eRF1 numbering) in the YxCxxxF motif converted the omnipotent recognition of Dileptus eRF1 to Euplotes-type dualpotent eRF1. Our results indicate that R128 is one of the key residues preserving the ability to recognize all three stop codons, especially UGA, in Dileptus. We discuss a possible advantage that ciliates from the Litostomatea class may gain from using the standard genetic code.

Antibody deficiency associated with an inherited autosomal dominant mutation in TWEAK

Mutations in the TNF family of proteins have been associated with inherited forms of immune deficiency. Using an array-based sequencing assay, we identified an autosomal-dominant deficiency in TNF-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK; TNFSF12) in a kindred with recurrent infection and impaired antibody responses to protein and polysaccharide vaccines. This mutation occurs in the sixth exon of TWEAK and results in the amino acid substitution R145C within the conserved TNF-homology domain of the full-length protein. TWEAK mutant protein formed high molecular weight aggregates under nonreducing conditions, suggesting an increased propensity for intermolecular interactions. As a result, mutant TWEAK associated with B-cell-activating factor (BAFF) protein and down-regulated the BAFF-mediated activation of the noncanonical NF-κB pathway through inhibition of p100 processing to p52, resulting in inhibition of BAFF-dependent B-cell survival and proliferation. As BAFF mediates T-cell-independent isotype switching and B-cell survival, our data implicate TWEAK as a disease-susceptibility gene for a humoral immunodeficiency.

The clinical utility of HIV outpatient pharmacist prescreening to reduce medication error and assess adherence

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is complex and has high propensity for medication error and drug-drug interactions (DDIs). We evaluated the clinical utility of pharmacist prescreening for DDIs, adherence to ART and medicines reconciliation prior to HIV outpatient appointments. A pharmacist took detailed medication histories and ART adherence assessments, then screened medication for DDIs. A template detailing current medication, potential DDIs and adherence was filed in the clinical notes and physicians were asked for structured feedback. Potential DDIs were observed in 58% of 200 patients, with 22 (9%) potential DDIs occurring with medication that was not previously recorded in the patients' notes. Of 103 physician responses, 61.2% reported that the pharmacist consultation told them something they did not know, and pharmacist consultants led to change in management in 13.6% of cases. Pharmacist consultations were more likely to add benefit in patients taking two or more concomitant medications in addition to ART (P = 0.0012).

The Pharmacology and Therapeutic Use of Dabigatran Etexilate

Dabigatran etexilate is an oral prodrug of dabigatran, a direct thrombin inhibitor, that provides the first available oral anticoagulant alternative to warfarin for reducing the risk of stroke and systemic embolism in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (AF). Although warfarin is effective, many patients with AF remain undertreated, primarily because of the management challenges associated with warfarin therapy. Dabigatran etexilate offers several potential advantages over warfarin, including fixed dosing, no requirement for blood coagulation monitoring, and reduced propensity for drug-drug interactions. In a large phase 3 trial in patients with nonvalvular AF, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved dose of dabigatran etexilate (150 mg twice daily [bid]) was superior to warfarin for prevention of stroke and systemic embolism; major bleeding rates were similar. The most notable side effects of dabigatran etexilate are dyspepsia and gastrointestinal bleeding. This review summarizes the clinical pharmacology and treatment considerations for dabigatran etexilate.

Virtually Naked: Virtual Environment Reveals Sex-Dependent Nature of Skin Disclosure

The human tendency to reveal or cover naked skin reflects a competition between the individual propensity for social interactions related to sexual appeal and interpersonal touch versus climatic, environmental, physical, and cultural constraints. However, due to the ubiquitous nature of these constraints, isolating on a large scale the spontaneous human tendency to reveal naked skin has remained impossible. Using the online 3-dimensional virtual world of Second Life, we examined spontaneous human skin-covering behavior unhindered by real-world climatic, environmental, and physical variables. Analysis of hundreds of avatars revealed that virtual females disclose substantially more naked skin than virtual males. This phenomenon was not related to avatar hypersexualization as evaluated by measurement of sexually dimorphic body proportions. Furthermore, analysis of skin-covering behavior of a population of culturally homogeneous avatars indicated that the propensity of female avatars to reveal naked skin persisted despite explicit cultural norms promoting less revealing attire. These findings have implications for further understanding how sex-specific aspects of skin disclosure influence human social interactions in both virtual and real settings.

Influence of a velocity profile & support structure on tidal stream turbine performance

With tidal turbine technology in its infancy prototype devices are likely to be positioned at locations where both the local marine environment and vessel navigation are favourable. However, as marine turbine technology develops toward economic viability there is a propensity for undesirable interactions with local shipping, higher turbulence levels and velocity shear through the water column to occur. The latter high shear could result from positioning the turbine lower in the water column, perhaps due to local shipping requirements. This paper helps to elucidate the performance of the tidal turbine and in particular the blade forces during rotation within a high shear velocity profile. A velocity profile from ADCP measurements was used as an inlet boundary for CFD analysis. The work shows that the presence of a suitably positioned stanchion downstream of the turbine will result in reduced performance characteristics over a complete rotation. However, the amplitude of the characteristics, in particular, the axial loading increases which would require careful design considerations.

Practical Management of Anticoagulants in Family Medicine after Orthopedic Surgery

In order to prevent postoperative venous thromboembolism, prophylactic anticoagulant therapy is routinely administered to hospitalized patients after total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA). However, after hospital discharge, anticoagulant therapy is primarily managed by a primary care physician (PCP). The agents traditionally used for this purpose are associated with certain limitations that affect anticoagulation management. The new, fixed–dose oral anticoagulants have predictable pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles, no requirement for coagulation monitoring, and a low propensity for food and drug interactions. As a result, they have the potential to simplify and improve postoperative outcomes in patients who have undergone THA or TKA and allow for simpler management of anticoagulation in these patients. This article examines the clinical evidence for benefits of the new oral anticoagulants, discusses caveats regarding their appropriate use, and provides some guidance regarding bleeding management with these agents.

Disposition and Interaction of Biotherapeutics in Pediatric Populations

Human development of an individual from a fertilized ovum to maturity alters the body anatomy and physiology. Changes of size and function, from birth onwards, cause significant alterations in the pharmacokinetics (PK) of drugs and subsequently their response pharmacodynamics (PD) in infants and children from those in adults. During the last three decades, hundreds of mechanistic and clinical pharmacology studies have been conducted to investigate the age-mediated changes of absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion processes of drugs, which subsequently affect the pharmacology response and the safety in pediatric patients compared to adults. The practice of determining pediatric dose based on simplistic scaling of an adult dose assuming linear relationship between postnatal age and body weight or surface area that may lead to under prediction of therapeutic dose or over prediction of the dose is now under scrutiny. By understanding the disposition mechanism of therapeutic agents thoroughly, their potential drug interactions and their PK/PD relationships can be better determined in pediatric populations. As such, dosing regimens can be estimated based on actual clearance and exposure and not just by simplistic scaling of an adult dose. Accurate prediction of clearance in pediatrics is so critical that extensive translational research is warranted to improve our ability to estimate safe and efficacious doses in different pediatric populations from retrospective clinical studies in adults. Biotherapeutics, proteins and peptides-based drugs, generally depend on absorption (A), distribution (D), metabolism (M), and excretion (E) in their disposition as small molecules, but the underlying mechanisms and potential drug interaction propensity can be very different. In this article, the factors that alter pediatric and adult PK parameters are compared, and pediatric and adult PK parameters and potential drug interactions for selected biotherapeutics are summarized. Moreover, challenges of studying therapeutic proteins and peptides in pediatrics are discussed.

Once-Daily Gastroretentive Gabapentin for Treatment of Postherpetic Neuralgia

SUMMARYThe immediate-release formulation of gabapentin (gabapentin three-times daily) is approved for treatment of postherpetic neuralgia (PHN). Although it has a low propensity for drug-drug interactions, it requires multiple daily dosing and is associated with a high frequency of dizziness and somnolence. A once-daily formulation of gabapentin was recently approved for the treatment of PHN. This formulation employs a gastroretentive technology to provide a prolonged release of gabapentin. Clinical studies have confirmed the efficacy of once-daily, gastroretentive gabapentin in the treatment of PHN. In addition, these studies have suggested that the rate of dizziness and somnolence may be reduced compared with similar studies using gabapentin three-times daily. This article reviews key aspects of the pharmacology, efficacy and safety of once-daily gabapentin in the treatment of PHN.

Anticoagulation Review

Anticoagulants, also known as antithrombotics, are among the most commonly prescribed medications in the United States. Understanding how these medications work, the propensity for interactions with other drugs, dietary factors, and disease states is important for clinicians assessing and providing care to patients in all environments. In this review, we seek to provide essential information for the home health care provider for evaluating patients receiving anticoagulants commonly prescribed in the home health care setting. The low-molecular-weight heparins and vitamin K antagonists are the most commonly used agents for outpatient anticoagulation. New agents, such as the direct factor Xa inhibitors and direct thrombin inhibitors have recently been approved with additional new agents in the approval process and development pipeline. We seek to review the most pertinent information for each of these classes of medications providing information on pharmacology, interactions with other drugs, diet, and diseases and important clinical information.

Significant Association of KIR2DL3-HLA-C1 Combination with Cerebral Malaria and Implications for Co-evolution of KIR and HLA

Cerebral malaria is a major, life-threatening complication of Plasmodium falciparum malaria, and has very high mortality rate. In murine malaria models, natural killer (NK) cell responses have been shown to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of cerebral malaria. To investigate the role of NK cells in the developmental process of human cerebral malaria, we conducted a case-control study examining genotypes for killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) and their human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I ligands in 477 malaria patients. We found that the combination of KIR2DL3 and its cognate HLA-C1 ligand was significantly associated with the development of cerebral malaria when compared with non-cerebral malaria (odds ratio 3.14, 95% confidence interval 1.52–6.48, P = 0.00079, corrected P = 0.02). In contrast, no other KIR-HLA pairs showed a significant association with cerebral malaria, suggesting that the NK cell repertoire shaped by the KIR2DL3-HLA-C1 interaction shows certain functional responses that facilitate development of cerebral malaria. Furthermore, the frequency of the KIR2DL3-HLA-C1 combination was found to be significantly lower in malaria high-endemic populations. These results suggest that natural selection has reduced the frequency of the KIR2DL3-HLA-C1 combination in malaria high-endemic populations because of the propensity of interaction between KIR2DL3 and C1 to favor development of cerebral malaria. Our findings provide one possible explanation for KIR-HLA co-evolution driven by a microbial pathogen, and its effect on the global distribution of malaria, KIR and HLA.

Select host cell proteins coelute with monoclonal antibodies in protein a chromatography

The most significant factor contributing to the presence of host cell protein (HCP) impurities in Protein A chromatography eluates is their association with the product monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) has been reported previously, and it has been suggested that more efficacious column washes may be developed by targeting the disruption of the mAbs-HCP interaction. However, characterization of this interaction is not straight forward as it is likely to involve multiple proteins and/or types of interaction. This work is an attempt to begin to understand the contribution of HCP subpopulations and/or mAb interaction propensity to the variability in HCP levels in the Protein A eluate. We performed a flowthrough (FT) recycling study with product respiking using two antibody molecules of apparently different HCP interaction propensities. In each case, the ELISA assay showed depletion of select subpopulations of HCP in Protein A eluates in subsequent column runs, while the feedstock HCP in the FTs remained unchanged from its native harvested cell culture fluid (HCCF) levels. In a separate study, the final FT from each molecule's recycling study was cross-spiked with various mAbs. In this case, Protein A eluate levels remained low for all but two molecules which were known as having high apparent HCP interaction propensity. The results of these studies suggest that mAbs may preferentially bind to select subsets of HCPs, and the degree of interaction and/or identity of the associated HCPs may vary depending on the mAb.

An efficient fluorescent sensor for redox active species based on novel poly(aryl ether) containing electroactive pendant

We describe the synthesis of a novel poly(aryl ether), containing pendant oligoaniline and anthracene moieties (PAE-p-OA), and both side chains present in equal amounts. Structures were confirmed spectroscopically via nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), morphological data ascertained viaX-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermal stability probed viathermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Electrochemical and photophysical properties were also investigated using cyclic voltammetry and UV-Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy. This material exhibits an interesting fluorescent response to redox active species. When PAE-p-OA is in the reduced state, oxidative materials interact with the oligoaniline side chains resulting in a progression from leucoemeraldine base (LEB) to the emeraldine base (EB). The resulting change in molecular conformation of the oliganiline unit increases its propensity for interaction with the anthracene side chain (corroborated by molecular modeling), leading to decreased fluorescence via quenching and thus “turn off” fluorescence sensing. When PAE-p-OA is in the oxidized state, reduction of the oligoaniline from the EB to the LEB via interaction with a reductive species delivers “turn on” fluorescence sensing via decreased interaction between the oligoaniline and anthracene side chains, again due to a change in the molecular conformation of oligoaniline.

Rivaroxaban in der Prävention und Therapie thromboembolischer Erkrankungen

Rivaroxaban (Xarelto(®)) is a new anticoagulant for the prevention and treatment of thromboembolic disorders. Rivaroxaban inhibits coagulation factor Xa directly, has high oral bioavailability, shows low propensity for drug-drug interactions and requires no routine coagulation monitoring. In patients undergoing elective knee or hip replacement surgery rivaroxaban (10 mg/d) is highly effective to prevent venous thromboembolism. In patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation rivaroxaban (20 mg/d) has been approved to prevent stroke or systemic embolism. The favourable benefit-risk profile of rivaroxaban in the treatment of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) was shown in EINSTEIN-DVT and led to its clinical approval (twice daily 15 mg for 3 weeks, followed by 20 mg/d). Based on ATLAS-ACS-TIMI-51 which has shown that rivaroxaban (2.5 mg twice daily) reduced thrombotic cardiovascular events and mortality in patients with a recent acute coronary syndrome, the approval of low dose rivaroxaban has been submitted for this indication. Taken together, rivaroxaban may become an effective alternative to standard anticoagulants in the prevention and treatment of thromboembolic disorders.

Erratum

know and what is supposition? It is in this respect and this respect alone, that Reséndez strays from that fine line between popular and academic writing. Historians will certainly enjoy this volume, but will gain the most from the detailed endnotes and the lengthy “Further Reading” section, which offer a comprehensive guide to the most recent research on Cabeza de Vaca. University of North Texas Aaron W. Navarro Historic Native Peoples of Texas. By William C. Foster. (Austin: University of Texas Press, 2008. Pp. 364. Maps, illustration, appendices, notes, bibliography, index. ISBN 978-0-29271-792-3. $60.00, cloth. ISBN 978-0-29271-793-0. $24.94, paper.) In the past decade or so, William C. Foster has edited several books that have dealt with the journals of various Spanish and French expeditions into Texas that took place in the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries. In the work under review here, Foster has employed more than twenty diary and journal accounts of early European expeditions that have been published in English— from Cabeza de Vaca in 1528 to Governor Marqués de San Miguel de Aguayo in 1721–1722—in order to describe the historic Native peoples of Texas during that two century period. The author divides the entire state of Texas into eight separate regions—between the Lower Brazos and the Lower Colorado Rivers; between the Lower Colorado and the San Antonio Rivers; the Central Texas Coast; South Texas; the Texas Trans-Pecos; the Texas Southern Plains; Northeast Texas; and the Upper Texas Coast—and then describes the various European expeditions that traversed each area over the course of two hundred years, paying particular attention to the different Indian tribes they encountered as well as the flora and the fauna. Accompanying each regional account is an annotated list of named Indian tribes in the area and maps that show tribal territories and European expedition routes. For example, Study Area II is concerned with the region between the Lower Colorado River and the San Antonio River. Eight European expeditions entered the region between 1686 and 1722: La Salle, Joutel, De León, Terán, Salinas, Espinosa, Alarcón, and Aguayo. Foster describes the physical attributes of the region and then provides outlines for the route of each Spanish and French interloper. He then discusses each tribe mentioned in the journals, including any special observations the chronicler made. Finally, Foster supplements the chapters by providing an alphabetical list of the fifty-six Indian groups that were encountered by the Europeans. After going through each region, Foster then draws interesting conclusions about the Texas Indians during this crucial period, the most obvious being that the Native peoples of Texas displayed a broad range of cultures and followed a wide variety of lifestyles. Despite the wide cultural variations in the Texas Native population, the author also identifies several common cultural traits among the various tribes. The Indians of Texas shared an exceptionally strong propensity for long-distance movement, trade, and interaction with other tribal groups, 2009 Book Reviews 315 *jan 09 11/26/08 12:00 PM Page 315 leading Foster to conclude that “the Native peoples in all areas seem much less provincial than most writers portray” (p. 243). A second common cultural feature that extended throughout all Native groups in the state was the firm and deep belief in a spiritual realm. Finally, Foster includes two appendices that list the twenty animals and forty plants that are mentioned in the journals. In the end, Foster’s work here is short on analysis and interpretation, but provides a very useful encyclopedic regional account of the Europeans and Native peoples of Texas who encountered one another during the relatively unexamined two hundred years before the Spanish occupation of Texas and the French establishment of Louisiana. University of North Texas F. Todd Smith La Salle in Texas: A Teacher’s Guide for the Age of Discovery and Exploration. By Pam Wheat-Stranahan, DVD by Alan Govenar. (College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 2007. Pp. 150. Illustrations, TEKS, DVD, glossary, bibliography . ISBN 978-1-58544-607-4. $24.95, paper.) Pam Wheat-Stranahan, executive director of the Texas Archeological Society and seasoned educator...

Prediction of RNA-binding amino acids from protein and RNA sequences

BackgroundMany learning approaches to predicting RNA-binding residues in a protein sequence construct a non-redundant training dataset based on the sequence similarity. The sequence similarity-based method either takes a whole sequence or discards it for a training dataset. However, similar sequences or even identical sequences can have different interaction sites depending on their interaction partners, and this information is lost when the sequences are removed. Furthermore, a training dataset constructed by the sequence similarity-based method may contain redundant data when the remaining sequence contains similar subsequences within the sequence. In addition to the problem with the training dataset, most approaches do not consider the interacting partner (i.e., RNA) of a protein when they predict RNA-binding amino acids. Thus, they always predict the same RNA-binding sites for a given protein sequence even if the protein binds to different RNA molecules.ResultsWe developed a feature vector-based method that removes data redundancy for a non-redundant training dataset. The feature vector-based method constructed a larger training dataset than the standard sequence similarity-based method, yet the dataset contained no redundant data. We identified effective features of protein and RNA (the interaction propensity of amino acid triplets, global features of the protein sequence, and RNA feature) for predicting RNA-binding residues. Using the method and features, we built a support vector machine (SVM) model that predicted RNA-binding residues in a protein sequence. Our SVM model showed an accuracy of 84.2%, an F-measure of 76.1%, and a correlation coefficient of 0.41 with 5-fold cross validation on a non-redundant dataset from 3,149 protein-RNA interacting pairs. In an independent test dataset that does not include the 3,149 pairs and were not used in training the SVM model, it achieved an accuracy of 90.3%, an F-measure of 72.8%, and a correlation coefficient of 0.24. Comparison with other methods on the same datasets demonstrated that our model was better than the others.ConclusionsThe feature vector-based redundancy reduction method is powerful for constructing a non-redundant training dataset for a learning model since it generates a larger dataset with non-redundant data than the standard sequence similarity-based method. Including the features of both RNA and protein sequences in a feature vector results in better performance than using the protein features only when predicting the RNA-binding residues in a protein sequence.