Propaganda Support Research Articles

Political trust and public support for propaganda in China

Authoritarian governments heavily rely on propaganda as a means of maintaining rule. Although scholars have examined the effects of propaganda exposure, much less is known about attitudes toward propaganda messages. In this study, we explore the foundations underlying propaganda support in China by examining the role of political trust, a primary ingredient for explaining public support for government actions and compliance. Using a survey with a broad sample of Chinese internet users and taking measures to address endogeneity, we found that trust in government, whether measured indirectly (implicitly) or directly (explicitly), is a vital source of positive attitudes toward propaganda and hence its potential effects. Our results have important implications for understanding the foundations of propaganda support, the scope of political trust, and the value of indirect measures for gauging public opinion in authoritarian contexts. They also suggest that propaganda may lose its bite under certain conditions.

STATE IDEOLOGY IS AN ESSENTIAL COMPONENT OF SUCCESSFUL POLICY AND CREATING STATE DEVELOPMENT

Introduction. The subject of the scientific analysis presented in the report is the concept, the main content characteristics, patterns and priority directions of the content transformation of ideology as a social phenomenon, the problems of the possibility, necessity and difficulties of forming a state ideology, the specifics of its implementation in the context of both new opportunities and a great variety of internal and external threats. It is emphasized that ideology, being in a state of dialectical development, appropriately rethinks the constants and contradictions of objective reality, while maintaining its "civilizational code" and its functional purpose. Methodology and methods. Dialectical-materialistic research model; methods of observation and comparison, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, mental modeling, ascent from the abstract to the concrete. The results of the study. Attention is focused on the dangers of the ideology of great-power chauvinism and geopolitical hegemonism, the fusion of liberalism with the ideology of racism, radical nationalism and fascism, the ideology of spiritual poverty and imbecility. In a comparative cross-country and intercivilizational way, the features of a great variety of ideological concepts are analyzed, the author's position on the prospects for the formation of state ideology in the conditions of pluralism and broad political freedoms of modern Russia is presented. The strategic expediency of maintaining the prohibition of state or mandatory ideology is questioned, the answer to the question of the possibility, necessity and practical significance of state ideology is presented. Justifies the justice of the fact that the state cannot exist without a scientifically based ideological platform in a long historical perspective, that the rejection of the state idea provokes serious failures in values. Discussion and conclusion. Attention is drawn to the ideological, scientific and legal difficulties of the formation of state ideology in the value space of a modern democratic state. As a final conclusion, itis proved that the dominant ideological system consolidating society and ensuring the sovereignty of the Russian statehood can be the ideas of patriotism, legal legality, social justice and humanism, categorical rejection of the ideology of liberal-globalist egocentrism, aggression and political hypocrisy. Which fully corresponds to the ideals and values of a true democratic, legal, social, secular state. The proposals concerning the complex and far from unambiguously interpreted problems of ideological construction and propaganda support of public administration are formulated.

Image of Ally

World War II was a time of increased rapprochement between the United States and Great Britain. After a long rivalry and outright hostility in the XVIII-XIX centuries, by the beginning of the 20th century, these two countries began to get closer with time, which was reflected in the gradual design of the concept of “Special Relations” between the United States and the United Kingdom. The rapprochement required strong propaganda support to explain political changes to the population. Due to its accessibility, clarity and brightness, cinema has become one of the main tools for promoting the new paradigm of US foreign policy. In this study, we examined the problem of constructing the image of Great Britain in American cinema in 1942. The purpose of this article is to identify the main features and stereotypes of perception used by American filmmakers and propagandists in building the image of an ally. Based on an analysis of 1942 films, a number of specific features were identified that were used in cinema to form the image of Great Britain as an ally.

Playing to Extremes: Russia’s Choices to Support Western Political Extremists and Paramilitary Groups

Russia likely selects extremists to support in Europe based on access and compatibility with the group’s views on the West. Russia also prizes support for its side in the war in Ukraine. The Ukraine war is key to the identification and recruitment of Western extremist groups by Russia. Russian assistance consists of providing propaganda support, finances, weapons, and paramilitary training. Russia likely does this to undermine the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), the European Union (EU), and other nations they perceive as moving toward NATO and the EU. Russian support enhances a group’s effectiveness even if extremist operations often end in failure or inaction. European nations can assess if the Russian state is supporting an extremist group within their country using a provided list of indicators as one line of effort. The indicator list and subsequent assessment can assist in arguments for technical surveillance and guide the questioning of human sources to blunt this threat.

Voprosy organizacii pitaniya i medicinskogo soprovozhdeniya «vostochnyh rabochih» v Tret'em rejhe (1941—1945 gg.)

The article analyzes such important aspects of the organization of the daily life of «eastern workers», in the conditions of forced labor in Germany, such as food and the possibility of receiving medical care. Satisfaction of the main range of household needs and the creation of conditions for a health-saving work regime could become a motivational message to increase labor productivity, given the powerful propaganda support at the stage of attracting the civilian population of the occupied territories to Germany. But the deprivation of the elementary foundations of a safe and relatively materially prosperous life, the presence of a wide range of risks emphasized the initially set vector of the Third Reich’s policy in relation to labor from the East - the maximum profit from each resource, including the demographic one.

Protection Against Negative Information-Psychological Influences in Conditions of Hybrid War

The publication is dedicated to questions of individual protection from negative information-psychological influences, considering the phenomenon of «hybrid war». The essence of the concepts «hybrid war» and «negative information-psychological (manipulative) influences are revealed». It is substantiated that the concept of hybrid war has been for a long time used in the West military discourse and is not something new but widely known as «unconventional» war. It is said that there are a lot of different ways of message dissemination in modern oversaturated society that influence personality’s consciousness. At the same time mass media are the most efficient instrument of information and psychological influence and that is why they are considered to be a part of strategic forces of informational confrontation. It is determined that the ability of the individual to counteract manipulative influences is understood as the implementation of anti-manipulative mechanisms (methods, technologies and techniques of psychological protection) on the basis of developed emotional-volitional stability, aimed at ensuring constructive personality’s behavior. The necessity of organizing protection against negative information-psychological influences at the social, group and personal levels is substantiated. It is noted that the media is the most effective tool for the implementation of information-psychological influence on large groups of people and therefore they can be considered part of the strategic forces of information confrontation. It is determined the main measures to protect the population from such hidden influences, which should be implemented in the general system of information and propaganda support in order to form a stable and controlled moral and psychological state of the population and troops. It is substantiated that given these levels, measures and other psychological prerequisites for combating manipulative influences, the individuals will be able to optimize their own anti-manipulative behavior and successfully organize the work on the psychological protection implementation under any conditions of influence.

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ОРГАНІЗАЦІЇ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНО-ПРОПАГАНДИСТСЬКОГО ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ В ЗБРОЙНИХ СИЛАХ СРСР І РОСІЙСЬКОЇ ФЕДЕРАЦІЇ В ЛОКАЛЬНИХ ВІЙНАХ ДРУГОЇ ПОЛОВИНИ XX СТОЛІТТЯ

The article deals with the organization of informational and propaganda support in the armies of the countries of the former Warsaw Pact in local wars and armed conflicts at the end of the 20th century on the example of the armed forces of the former USSR and the Russian Federation. It has been determined the characteristic features of information activity of the so-called “Eastern” model. The study of the peculiarities of organizing informational activity in the armies of these states will allow us to take into account the experience gained to improve the informational and propaganda support of the Ukrainian Naval Forces in accordance with NATO standards, which today is one of the priority tasks for the period till 2020.

Інформаційно-пропагандистське забезпечення в Армії Української Народної Республіки періоду Директорії (1918–1921 рр.)

The article deals with the experience of implementing information and propaganda support in the Ukrainian People's Army from the end of 1918 to the end of 1921. It was considered process of creation and activity of the press and information department (press and propaganda ministry) of the Ukrainian People's Republic. The emphasis is on the advantages and disadvantages of conducting propaganda campaigns in the ranks of the Army of the Ukrainian People's Republic during the period of the Directory.

ВПЛИВ СУСПІЛЬНО-ПОЛІТИЧНОЇ ОБСТАНОВКИ НА ІНФОРМАЦІЙНО-ПРОПАГАНДИСТСЬКЕ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ У ВІЙСЬКОВО-МОРСЬКИХ СИЛАХ ЗБРОЙНИХ СИЛ УКРАЇНИ В 1992–2014 РОКАХ

In the article on the basis of assessment of socio-political situation in the southern regions of Ukraine in 1992–2014 the influence of its elements on the information and propaganda support in the Ukrainіаn Navy and the moral of the personnel are revealed. It is established that the socio-political situation was a significant factor in influencing the information and propaganda support in the Ukrainіаn Navy. The problematic issues of assessing the socio-political situation by the officers of the Navy information and propaganda structures, are also covered.

ПЕРІОДИЗАЦІЯ РОЗВИТКУ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНО- ПРОПАГАНДИСТСЬКОГО ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ У ВІЙСЬКОВО-МОРСЬКИХ СИЛАХ ЗБРОЙНИХ СИЛ УКРАЇНИ В 1992–2014 РОКАХ

The article substantiates the periodization of formation and development of information and propaganda support in the Ukrainіаn Navy in 1992-2014. It is established that the basis for justifying the periodization of the process of devel- opment of information and propaganda support is its objective connection with the processes of development of the legal framework and the organizational form of the structures that conducted the propaganda. It was the changes in the legal framework and organization of propaganda structures that significantly influ- enced the changes in the development of the subject of study, which served as a basis for selecting their criteria for periodization.The proposed periodization fully takes into account the approaches of Ukrain- ian scientists to the periodization of the development of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, the Ukrainіаn Navy and certain areas of propaganda activity, as well as periods of change in the social and political life of the state. In particular, this study highlights the relationship between the model of information support in the military and the form of government. The author’s periodization most accurately reflects the main transition points in the development of information and propa- ganda support in the Ukrainian Navy. Information and propaganda support in the Ukrainian Navy in 1992-2014 was a transition model from eastern (Soviet) to western. During the study period, 2 attempts were made to bring the model of information support closer to a similar Western model - in 1992-1993 and in 2006-2013. That is, the historically condi- tioned model of model of information support for Ukraine is Western.Separation of the periods of development of the subject of study made it pos- sible to establish specific features of its historical development and focus on the standards of NATO member states, which in the conditions of modern transfor- mations of information and propaganda support in the Armed Forces of Ukraine in the absence of comprehensive historical research in this direction will serve as an important source of experience.

РОЗВИТОК НОРМАТИВНО-ПРАВОВОЇ БАЗИ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНО-ПРОПАГАНДИСТСЬКОГО ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ У ВІЙСЬКОВО-МОРСЬКИХ СИЛАХ ЗБРОЙНИХ СИЛ УКРАЇНИ В 1992–2014 РОКАХ

The article covers the results of the analysis of the legal acts of information and propaganda support in the Ukrainіаn Navy in 1992-2014. It was established that the legal regulation of propaganda was carried out on the basis of the legislation of Ukraine at that time. Legal acts became the legal basis for the functioning of information and propaganda support in the Ukrainіаn Navy in 1992-2014. The creation of the necessary regulatory framework preceded all subsequent measures to create and develop information and propaganda support, became the basis for the formation and development of structures, who were organize propaganda in the Navy, developing forms and methods of propaganda. Therefore, the activities of the military leadership in the development and outreach of propaganda were aimed primarily at providing legal support to this process.The classification of the legal framework is made and the features of its de-velop- ment are revealed. It was revealed that the issues of outreach in the Ukrainіаn Navy in 1992-2014 normalized the conceptual and directive documents of the Ministry of Defense and the General Staff of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. The directives and orders of the Commander of the Ukrainіаn Navy defined only certain aspects of propaganda that are important for the specific tasks of the Navy’s activities.The problems of normative regulation of information and propaganda support and tendencies in the development of the regulatory legal framework have been identified.It is concluded that the genesis of regulatory acts has become a significant fac- tor in influencing the development of information and propaganda support in the Ukrainіаn Navy in 1992-2014, since its development provided qualitative chang- es and promptly reflected the views of the leadership of the state and the Armed Forces. Therefore, the development of a regulatory framework for information and propaganda support has become a criterion for the periodization of the process of information and propaganda support development in the Ukrainіаn Navy.

МЕТОДОЛОГІЯ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНО-ПРОПАГАНДИСТСЬКОГО ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ У ВІЙСЬКОВО-МОРСЬКИХ СИЛАХ ЗБРОЙНИХ СИЛ УКРАЇНИ (1992 – 2014 РР.)

МЕТОДОЛОГІЯ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНО-ПРОПАГАНДИСТСЬКОГО ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ У ВІЙСЬКОВО-МОРСЬКИХ СИЛАХ ЗБРОЙНИХ СИЛ УКРАЇНИ (1992 – 2014 РР.)

ПРОБЛЕМНІ ПИТАННЯ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНО-ПРОПАГАНДИСТСЬКОГО ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ У СВІТЛІ РОСІЙСЬКО-УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ ВІЙНИ

The author, relying on theoretical developments of modern scholars and his own practical experience of organizing informational and propaganda support in the military units of the Naval Forces of Ukraine, reveals the problematic issues and highlights the tendencies in the organization of informational and propaganda support of the Armed Forces of Ukraine during the peaceful years of independence and in modern conditions of Russian-Ukrainian War.The ways of solving problem issues that can be taken into account for improving information and propaganda support are also suggested.

СУЧАСНА ІСТОРІОГРАФІЯ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНО-ПРОПАГАНДИСТСЬКОГО ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ У ВІЙСЬКОВО-МОРСЬКИХ СИЛАХ ЗБРОЙНИХ СИЛ УКРАЇНИ

The main idea of the article is to study the historiography of information and propaganda in the Navy of Ukraine.Information and propaganda support of the Navy of Ukraine during 1992 – 2014 evolved in the anti-Ukrainian environment, in fact under conditions of the information war of the Russian Federation against Ukraine, remaining an important factor in the development of the national navy, the training of military seamen in the national and historical traditions of the Ukrainian people, and the only effective tool for influencing the consciousness of naval servicemen.During the years 1992 – 2014, the Navy of Ukraine gained a considerable experience in organizing information and propaganda support. Unfortunately, ignoring the experience of the previous years of building the national navy has led to the fact that today we are forced to take into account the problems of organizing information work in the forces in the context of hybrid warfare, and to reassess its place in providing troops through the prism of the Russian-Ukrainian conflict.The analysis of the research shows a certain interest of our scientists in the history of the creation of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, its Naval Forces, the formation and development of the structures of moral education and the organization of moral and psychological support. Instead, the historical experience of organizing the information and propaganda support of the Navy of Ukraine during 1992 – 2014 remains unexplored. The peculiarities of the information work organization during the annexation of the Crimea by the Russian Federation in February-March 2014 remain little explored.The study of historiography makes it possible to argue that previous researchers considered information and propaganda support mainly in the field of practical work in specific periods, without touching on a historical retrospective. The organization of information support in the Armed Forces of Ukraine is mainly covered in educational literature. The scientific works mainly covered and detailed those conceptual approaches that were already laid down in the guidance documents, and did not touch on the issues of information and advocacy in the context of the conduct of warfare.

УМОВИ ТА ЧИННИКИ ВПЛИВУ НА ОРГАНІЗАЦІЮ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНО-ПРОПАГАНДИСТСЬКОГО ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ВІЙСЬКОВО-МОРСЬКИХ СИЛ ЗБРОЙНИХ СИЛ УКРАЇНИ У 2014 РОЦІ

In the article, based on the analysis of the organization of informational support in the military units of the fleet, the author made an attempt to determine the conditions and factors influencing the organization of information and propaganda support in the Naval Forces of Ukraine during the annexation of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, redeployment from the temporarily occupied territory, restoration of combat capability, actions to cover the areas of the state border in the southern regions and participate in the anti-terrorist operation in eastern Ukraine in 2014.

ТЕОРЕТИКО-МЕТОДОЛОГІЧНІ ЗАСАДИ ОЦІНКИ ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНО-ПРОПАГАНДИСТСЬКОГО ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ЗБРОЙНИХ СИЛ УКРАЇНИ

The article deals with theoretical and methodological principles of the effectiveness evaluation of measures for information and propaganda support of the Ukrainian Armed Forces. It defines the conceptual-categorical apparatus, structure, principles, functions of efficiency evaluation of information and propaganda support. Particular attention is paid to the examination of the methodological basis of the evaluation, based on its role and place in the structure of the process of information and propaganda support of troops in the military-political conflict. The article determines prospects for further research which will consist in defining and grounding approaches to the selection of models and methods for effectiveness evaluation of promotional activities.

Training of Far Eastern Internal Affairs Agencies for Action under the Conditions of the Special Period in 1970-1972

Drawing on unique documents that have not yet been introduced into scientific use, the article reviews the activities of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs in training its agencies for probable border war with China. A series of events was conducted by Shchelokov, Minister of the Internal Affairs of the USSR, in order to strengthen the regional internal affairs agencies. It included introduction of a list of ‘advanced alert,’ ‘special period,’ and ‘covert mobilization’ signals, accompanied by a list of mandatory positions. The article focuses on the work of internal affairs agencies in the Far East border areas and the Khabarovsk special secondary school of militia of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR in particular, all of which hurried to fine-tune public order and state security maintenance, evacuation of the population and the internal affairs bodies in case of onset of the Special Period. Significantly, the Khabarovsk special secondary school of militia of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR was to become not just a base for accelerated training of officers, but also a military reserve in case of enemy assault. It also was to enforce public order in case of mass riots. The manpower strength of the school allowed to form a battalion of 3 rifle companies. The author underscores that all measures implemented by the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR were carried out in close cooperation with the KGB under the Council of Ministers of the USSR and its regional agencies. Training for Special Period was multifaceted, it included propaganda support via mass media, control over radio-broadcasting in the territories bordering China, camouflage of installations at the expense of the forest fund, mobilization by rail and road transport, etc.

Подготовка органов внутренних дел Дальнего Востока к действиям в условиях «Особого периода» в 1970-1972 гг.

Drawing on unique documents that have not yet been introduced into scientific use, the article reviews the activities of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs in training its agencies for probable border war with China. A series of events was conducted by Shchelokov, Minister of the Internal Affairs of the USSR, in order to strengthen the regional internal affairs agencies. It included introduction of a list of ‘advanced alert,’ ‘special period,’ and ‘covert mobilization’ signals, accompanied by a list of mandatory positions. The article focuses on the work of internal affairs agencies in the Far East border areas and the Khabarovsk special secondary school of militia of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR in particular, all of which hurried to fine-tune public order and state security maintenance, evacuation of the population and the internal affairs bodies in case of onset of the Special Period. Significantly, the Khabarovsk special secondary school of militia of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR was to become not just a base for accelerated training of officers, but also a military reserve in case of enemy assault. It also was to enforce public order in case of mass riots. The manpower strength of the school allowed to form a battalion of 3 rifle companies. The author underscores that all measures implemented by the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR were carried out in close cooperation with the KGB under the Council of Ministers of the USSR and its regional agencies. Training for Special Period was multifaceted, it included propaganda support via mass media, control over radio-broadcasting in the territories bordering China, camouflage of installations at the expense of the forest fund, mobilization by rail and road transport, etc.

"Crimean Offence": myth, its instrumentalization and geopolitical projections

The influence of the memory of the on ideological and propaganda support of the second annexation of the Crimea in 2014. Analyzed the nature and impact of the concept of historical in the formation of modern Russian social and political discourse about the Crimea. Although historically (national) grievance - a legacy of the past, it is important to understand exactly what is the past in each case. There are ancient grievances arising from specific events, injustice on the part of other nations (war, annexing, genocide). This grievance has lost a clear outline of the influence of time, and may gradually come to naught. But under certain circumstances, these memories can be extracted from the depths of memory, and become relevant. Or even appears that the origins of this awakening the memory of grievances are not in the past and in the present. National grievance can play a negative role in times of economic, political and social crisis. Society often shifts the blame for their problems to people in other countries that are not related to the incident. This is also called a national grievance. But this is another phenomenon, which is called the national resentment.

Особливості пропагандистської діяльності українських фронтів під час бойових дій червоної армії на території Європи наприкінці Другої Світової Війни

The work analyzes propaganda support of Ukrainian fronts in combat operations of the Red Army in European countries at the end of 1944 – beginning of 1945. Based on specific historical facts, major forms of influence on the civilian population of countries that joined the Soviet Army are distinguished. The basic samples of the Soviet agitation and propaganda equipment and weapons used for distribution of oral and printed information materials are introduced.