Propaganda In World War Research Articles

“The Methods of Barbarism” and the “Rights of Small Nations”: War Propaganda and British Pluralism

The “methods of barbarism” and the “rights of small nations” are perhaps the most recognizable of British slogans arising out of the wars of the early twentieth century. They are instantly associated with the Boer War and the First World War respectively, but seldom are they associated with each other. However, the Pro-Boer rhetoric of “the methods of barbarism” and the First World War propaganda of “the rights of small nations” are intimately linked through their roots in the pluralist Liberal vision of Britishness.These slogans and the propaganda campaigns that they epitomized must be understood within the context of a multicultural Britain and opposing notions of British national identity. Defining “barbarism” as the oppression of small nations through the brutal use of force, the Pro-Boers associated the term with the Anglocentric vision of the British nation reflected in the “New Imperialism” of the Conservatives. Through their belief in Anglo-Saxon racial superiority, the Conservative imperialists maintained that small nations like those of the Irish, the Welsh, and the Boers would either be assimilated or swept aside by the historical progress of an expanding Anglo-Saxon nation state. In contrast to this notion of Conservative “barbarism,” the Pro-Boer Liberals drew on the Gladstonian heritage of their party in defining the United Kingdom as a multinational state at the center of a multinational empire. They eschewed the use of force in the maintenance of empire and argued that the bonds of imperialism must be based upon mutual goodwill, voluntarism, and the recognition of the principle of nationality.When the First World War broke out in 1914, propagandists drew upon these contrasting constructions of Liberal cultural pluralism and Conservative cultural uniformity. In terms similar to those employed by the Pro-Boers, British propagandists depicted the First World War as a struggle against German “barbarism” and as a fight to vindicate the “rights of small nations.” Solidly based upon the Liberal construction of the multicultural and multinational nature of Britishness, Britain's role as the champion of the principle of nationality was proclaimed with an eye not only to the international context of Europe but to the domestic context of the British state and empire as well.

The Writers' War Board: U.S. Domesitic Propaganda in World War II

(1997). The Writers' War Board: U.S. Domesitic Propaganda in World War II. The Historian: Vol. 59, No. 4, pp. 795-813.

Media and politics in the information age

The field of communications research in the United States took form in the early 1900's, growing out of the work of authors critical of govern ment propaganda in World War I. Walter Lippmann, John Dewey, Harold Lasswell and others devised analyses of propaganda with an eye toward assessing its potential dangers and creating theoretical frameworks upon which to build future inquiry. From this effort emerged The Institute for Propaganda Analysis, an organization designed to "help the intelligent citi zen to detect and analyze propaganda by revealing the agencies, techniques, and devices used by propagandists."1 Theorists of this perspective sought to maintain a critical view of government presentations in order to insure an element of informed participation among voters and to work against attempts to use mass opinion toward authoritarian ends. In the late 1930's, the prospect of World War II and the rise of fascism in Europe facilitated a paradigm shift from research critical of mass per suasion to an emphasis on studies seeking to examine its effectiveness, with the goal of managing public opinion and challenging enemy propaganda. Media theorists with the Institute such as Hadley Cantril, Leonard Doob and Peter Odegard accepted government positions as advisors and survey researchers, using their expertise in the field to improve the effectiveness of U.S. war propaganda. This transition to what came to be called "effects research" accelerated during the war as media critics shifted their attention from domestic concerns to the growing international conflict. The new set of issues in the field led many to characterize the shift in terms of a struggle between primitive and modern approaches. In an article written in 1943, for example, Robert Merton and Paul Lazarsfeld argued that propaganda research was outmoded and should be replaced by more "scientific com munications research," with the goal of developing models which accurately * Review essay of David Altheide's An Ecology of Communication: Cultural Formats of Control.

Tunisian Victory and Anglo‐American Film Propaganda in World War II

(1996). Tunisian Victory and Anglo‐American Film Propaganda in World War II. The Historian: Vol. 58, No. 3, pp. 517-530.

"The Chanting of Crusaders": Captain Heber Blankenhorn and AEF Combat Propaganda in World War I

"The Chanting of Crusaders": Captain Heber Blankenhorn and AEF Combat Propaganda in World War I

Blue Pencil Warriors: Censorship and Propaganda in World War II. John Hilvert

<i>Blue Pencil Warriors: Censorship and Propaganda in World War II</i>. John Hilvert

Propaganda and Empire: The Manipulation of British Public Opinion, 1880-1960. John M. MacKenzieBlue Pencil Warriors: Censorship and Propaganda in World War II. John Hilvert

<i>Propaganda and Empire: The Manipulation of British Public Opinion, 1880-1960</i>. John M. MacKenzie<i>Blue Pencil Warriors: Censorship and Propaganda in World War II</i>. John Hilvert

Blacks, Loyalty, and Motion-Picture Propaganda in World War II

White America fought World War II as a remarkably unified country. In black America, however, a strong current of apathy, and sometimes barely muted opposition to the Allies, was evident. For blacks the war brought into sharp relief their duality in American society. Franklin D. Roosevelt identified Allied war aims with democracy's Four Freedoms. But Walter White, executive secretary of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), pointed out that blacks had to for the right to fight for democracy. Horace Cayton, a Chicago sociologist and black leader, posed the issue starkly in December 1941: Am I a Negro first and then a policeman or soldier second, or should I forget in any emergency situation the fact that . . . my first loyalty is to my race? Millions of blacks had to ask themselves that question during World War II.1 That potential fissure in the drive for mass mobilization alarmed wartime policy makers. As the agency charged with interpreting war aims to the public and arousing mass support for the war, the Office of War Information (OWI) played a crucial, if little known, role in trying to mobilize black support and in interpreting American race relations to an international audience. This article analyzes the racial aspects of OWI's propaganda campaign, in particular its longest-lived and most significant effort its liaison with Hollywood motion-picture studios. Although black leaders and OWI policy makers hoped to work together to improve Hollywood's portrayal of people of color, the objectives of black leaders and those of the propagandists proved to be incompatible.2

Blue Pencil Warriors: Censorship and Propaganda in World War II

Blue Pencil Warriors: Censorship and Propaganda in World War II

Review: Film &amp; Radio Propaganda in World War II, by K. R. M. Short

Book Review| January 01 1986 Review Film & Radio Propaganda in World War IIK. R. M. Short Ronald W. Johnson Ronald W. Johnson Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar The Public Historian (1986) 8 (1): 82–85. https://doi.org/10.2307/3377080 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Ronald W. Johnson; Review. The Public Historian 1 January 1986; 8 (1): 82–85. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/3377080 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu nav search search input Search input auto suggest search filter All ContentThe Public Historian Search This content is only available via PDF. Copyright 1986 The Regents of the University of California Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.

Review: Film and Radio Propaganda in World War II by K. R. M. Short

Book Review| April 01 1985 Review: Film and Radio Propaganda in World War II by K. R. M. Short Film and Radio Propaganda in World War IIK. R. M. Short John Fell John Fell Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Film Quarterly (1985) 38 (3): 63–64. https://doi.org/10.2307/1212556 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation John Fell; Review: Film and Radio Propaganda in World War II by K. R. M. Short. Film Quarterly 1 April 1985; 38 (3): 63–64. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/1212556 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search nav search search input Search input auto suggest search filter All ContentFilm Quarterly Search This content is only available via PDF. Copyright 1985 The Regents of the University of California Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.

Reviews

Natural science and the development of race theory Nancy Stepan, The Idea of Race in Science: Great Britain 1800–1960. London: Macmillan in association with St Antony's College, Oxford, 1982. xxi + 230pp. Notes. Ind. £20.00. The socialism of fools Steve Cohen: That's Funny You Don't Look Anti‐Semitic: An Anti‐Racist Analysis of Left Anti‐Semitism. Leeds: Beyond the Pale Collective, 1984. 103pp. £2.00. History above the timberline J. L. Talmon, The Myth of the Nation and the Vision of Revolution. London: Seeker & Warburg, 1981. xviii + 632pp. Notes. Ind. £15.00. The mass media as weapons of war K. R. M. Short (ed.), Film and Radio Propaganda in World War II. London: Croom Helm, 1983. 341pp. Notes. Ind. £15.95.

The War That Hitler Won: The Most Infamous Propaganda Campaign in History, Propaganda in War 1939–1945: Organisations, Policies and Publics in Britain and Germany and Selling the War: Art and Propaganda in World War II

The War That Hitler Won: The Most Infamous Propaganda Campaign in History, Propaganda in War 1939–1945: Organisations, Policies and Publics in Britain and Germany and Selling the War: Art and Propaganda in World War II

New York City Police Department Launches New Public Relation Policy

Cedric Larson is a writer and student in a field which he describes as social psychology. He is the co-author of Words that Won the (Princeton, 1939) which deals with propaganda in World War I and is at present working on a companion volume on OWI. In the police field he has written a sketch of the life of former Police Commissioner Arthur W. Wallander of New York City which appears in The Will to Succeed and has under preparation other writings in this field. A graduate of Stanford University (A.B.), Mr. Larson also holds a M.A. degree from George Washington University.-EDITOR.