Prooxidant-antioxidant Homeostasis Research Articles

Differential intestinal effects of water and foodborne exposures of nano-TiO2 in the mussel Mytilus coruscus under elevated temperature

With the wide use of nanomaterials in daily life, nano-titanium dioxide (nano-TiO2) presents potential ecological risks to marine ecosystems, which can be exacerbated by ocean warming (OW). However, most previous studies have only centered around waterborne exposure, while there is a scarcity of studies concentrating on the impact of trophic transfer exposure on organisms. We investigated the differences in toxic effects of 100 μg/L nano-TiO2 on mussels via two pathways (waterborne and foodborne) under normal (24 °C) and warming (28 °C) conditions. Single nano-TiO2 exposure (waterborne and foodborne) elevated the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities as well as the content of glutathione (GSH), indicating activated antioxidatant response in the intestine. However, depressed antioxidant enzymes and accumulated peroxide products (LPO and protein carbonyl content, PCC) demonstrated that warming in combination with nano-TiO2 broke the prooxidant-antioxidant homeostasis of mussels. Our findings also indicated that nano-TiO2 and high temperature exhibited adverse impacts on amylase (AMS), trypsin (PS), and trehalase (THL). Additionally, activated immune function (lysozyme) comes at the cost of energy expenditure of protein (decreased protein concentration). The hydrodynamic diameter of nano-TiO2 at 24 °C (1693–2261 nm) was lower than that at 28 °C (2666–3086 nm). Bioaccumulation results (range from 0.022 to 0.432 μg/g) suggested that foodborne induced higher Ti contents in intestine than waterborne. In general, the combined effects of nano-TiO2 and warming demonstrated a more pronounced extent of interactive effects and severe damage to antioxidant, digestive, and immune parameters in mussel intestine. The toxicological impact of nano-TiO2 was intensified through trophic transfer. The toxic effects of nano-TiO2 are non-negligible and can be exerted together through both water- and foodborne exposure routes, which deserves further investigation.

Peculiarities of the effect of zinc chelate on prooxidant-antioxidant homeosta-sis in the blood of sows and their relationship with the reproductive capacity

During the last decades, research has been actively conducted to increase the reproductive capacity of sows. It was determined that during puberty, the sow’s body actively assimilates nutrients that should provide for their own needs and embryos and creates a reserve for the lactation period. The study aimed to determine the influence of zinc in the form of chelate on the state of prooxidant-antioxidant homeostasis on the reproductive capacity of sows. In the experiment, 45 heads of the Large White breed sows were used, and they were selected and divided into groups (5 heads each) according to the principle of analogs. The norms fed barren and farrowing sows according to their physiological state. The diet of the control group of sows from sexual rest to the 28th day of farrowing remained unchanged; the 1st experimental group – MD+5 % Zinc in the form of zinc chelate, the II experimental group – MD+10 % Zinc in the form of Zinc chelate. Additional feeding of biologically active compounds was stopped one day before farrowing. During the phase of sexual rest, estrus, on the 90th and 104th days of farrowing, the day of farrowing, as well as on the 5th and 28th days of the suckling period, blood was taken from sows and their piglets to determine the state of PAH. It has been determined that in the blood of sows, the periods of the reproductive cycle determine the peculiarities of the formation of prooxidant-antioxidant homeostasis. In particular, during estrus, there is an intensification of peroxide oxidation processes – the content of diene conjugates increases by 56.9 %, TBC-active compounds by 12.3 %, and the level of low molecular weight antioxidants – reduced glutathione decreases (Р < 0.001). This is accompanied by a significant increase in the activities of antioxidant enzymes – superoxide dismutase (Р < 0.05) and catalase (Р < 0.05). It was found that the intensification of peroxide oxidation processes is intensified on the day of farrowing of sows – the content of diene conjugates increases by 26.6 % and TBC-active compounds by 31.8 % with a further decrease during lactation to the level of sexual rest. Animals that received zinc in the form of zinc chelate 5 % above the norm were characterized by a lower intensity of peroxide oxidation processes. Additional feeding of zinc in the form of zinc chelate to sows by 10 % more than the norm is accompanied by a decrease in fertility (Р < 0.05), the number of live piglets (Р < 0.05), litter weight at birth by 10.0 % and litter weight at weaning – 11.6 %. Sows that received this feed supplement of microelement 5 % above the norm are characterized by higher fertility by 4 % and litter weight at birth by 4.2 %.

Effect of Zinc Supplementation to Diluent Boar Semen on Sperm Characteristics and Activity of Antioxidant Enzymes

Background. Zinc is essential for male reproductive function as it is necessary for spermatozoa maturation, capacitation, acrosome reaction, and fertilization. It has been established that the use of chelates compounds of metals with amino acids, nucleotides, peptides, and carbohydrates is not only more effective but also economically justified. Objective. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the effect of different concentrations of Zn glutamic amino acid chelate (ZnGlu) on boar spermatozoa motility, viability parameters, and prooxidant-antioxidant homeostasis during in vitro incubation. Methods. Freshly ejaculated boar semen, after the addition of "Ecosperm" diluent, was divided into groups: a control group and three experimental groups. Zinc glutamate was supplemented to the experimental samples at concentrations of 1.0, 2.0, and 5.0 µg/ml, respectively. Semen samples were stored at 18 °C for 4 days. Every 24 hours, sperm motility and viability and the antioxidant status were assessed by the level of diene con­jugates (DC), concentration of malondialdehydere (MDA), and the activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase. Results. It was observed that boar sperm motility decreased with the extension of storage time, while the addition of 2.0 and 5.0 µg ZnGlu significantly improved sperm total motility and the percentage of vitality spermatozoa during 48–96 hours of incubation. Our studies also demonstrate that ZnGlu possess a protective effect in alleviating oxidative stress in boar sperm in vitro. The addition of ZnGlu significantly reduced the content of MDA and DC in ejaculate samples in all experimental groups during incubation, compared to the control group. Moreover, the activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase increased after adding ZnGlu to the boar semen, especially at concentrations of 2.0 and 5.0 mg/ml (P < 0.05). Conclusions. These data demonstrate that the supplementation of zinc glutamate enhances the antioxidant defence system of sperm and improves quality of boar semen in vitro.

Features of reproductive capacity and state of prooxidant-antioxidant homeo-stasis in breeding boars of different breeds

Temperature stress is caused by the long-term effect of high or low average daily temperature, which leads to a decrease in the quality of sperm in fetuses and processes from the formation of the leading herd of pigs, which causes a reduction in the production of livestock products. Changes in lipid peroxidation accompany the inhibition of reproductive function in breeding boars of various breeds. The research method was to determine the features of pro-oxidant-antioxidant homeostasis in breeding boars of different species depending on the keeping conditions. For the experiment, six breeding boars of other breeds, similar in age, live weight, and quality of sperm production, were selected, and 2 study groups of 3 heads in the skin were formed. The first group consisted of animals of the large white breed, and the second group – was from Myrhorod. Animals were fed following feed regulations. The influence of heat stress on the quality of sperm production of breeding boars of the large white breed is manifested in a decrease in the following indicators: ejaculate volume – by 20.3 %, sperm motility – by 20.6 %, sperm concentration – by 28.3 %, the number of live sperm – by 54.6 %, heat resistance by 26.4 %. As the temperature rises, peroxidation processes accelerate – the content of TBC-active compounds in sperm increases by 1.3 times. Catalase activity in seminal plasma and sperm increases by 16.0 % and 21.0 %, respectively. An increase in indoor temperature harms the indicators of sperm production of breeding boars of the Myrhorod breed: ejaculate volume – by 18.6 %, sperm motility – by 10.5%, sperm concentration – by 30.3 %, number of live sperm – by 34.7 %, thermal resistance – by 23.5 %. The changes occur against the background of an increase in superoxide dismutase activity – 21.0 % (sperm) and 5.0 % (sperm plasma), a decrease in ascorbic acid saturation by 10.0 % and 52.2 %, respectively. The establishment of an interbreed difference in the quality of ejaculates in the direction of the superiority of indicators in animals of the large white breed compared to the Myrhorod breed on the 60th day of the primary period in the summer in terms of ejaculate volume (p = 0.001) and sperm concentration was established. However, according to the level of heat resistance of sperm, animals of the second breed were characterized by higher values. At the end of the 45th day of temperature stress, a probable predominance of ascorbic acid (p = 0.001) and dehydroascorbic acid (p = 0.01) content was observed in the semen of animals of the Myrhorod breed compared to large white.

Roundup® disrupts tissue architecture, attenuates Na+/K+-ATPase expression, and induces protein oxidation/nitration, cellular apoptosis, and antioxidant enzyme expressions in the gills of goldfish, Carassius auratus

Extensive agricultural activities to feed the growing population are one major driving force behind aquatic pollution. Different types of pesticides are used in farmlands to increase crop production and wash up into water bodies. Glyphosate-based herbicide Roundup® is one of the most used pesticides in the United States; however, its effects on teleost species are still poorly understood. This study focused on the effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of Roundup exposure (low- and high-dose: 0.5 and 5 μg/L for 2-week) on Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA, a biomarker for sodium‑potassium ion pump efficacy), cytochrome P450-1A (CYP1A, a monooxygenase enzyme), 2,4-dinitrophenyl protein (DNP, a biomarker for protein oxidation), 3-nitrotyrosine protein (NTP, a biomarker for protein nitration), superoxidase dismutase (SOD, an antioxidant enzyme), catalase (CAT, an antioxidant enzyme) expressions, and cellular apoptosis in the gills of goldfish. Histopathological and in situ TUNEL analyses showed widespread tissue damage, including lamellar fusion, loss of gill architecture, club shape of primary lamellae, mucous formation, and distortion in the epithelium layer, as well as apoptotic nuclei in gills. Immunohistochemical and qRT-PCR analyses provided insights into the expressions of molecular indicators in gills. Fish exposed to Roundup exhibited a significant (P < 0.05) downregulation of NKA expression in gills. Additionally, we observed upregulation of CYP1A, DNP, NTP, SOD, and CAT expressions in the gills of goldfish. Overall, our results suggest that exposure to Roundup causes disruption of gill architecture, induces protein oxidation/nitration and cellular apoptosis, and alters prooxidant-antioxidant homeostasis in tissues, which may lead to reduced fitness and survivability of teleost species.

Gastroprotektivne karakteristike krioprezerviranog ekstrakta placente kod kombinovanog delovanja niskih temperatura i inhibicije ciklooksigenaze

Introduction. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are ranked first among the world's effective anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs with anticipated side effects. That is why the prevention of development of adverse reactions associated with NSAIDs, in particular, of those related to their ulcerogenicity, remains a serious global problem. Aims. To characterize the mechanisms of gastrocytoprotective activity of cryopreserved placenta in combined action of low temperatures and diclofenac sodium. Material and methods. The study was performed on 42 male rats weighing 200-220 g. Acute diclofenac sodium-induced gastropathy was reproduced by a single injection of the latter in rats at the dose of 50 mg/kg. The content of malonic dialdehyde, catalase activity, prostaglandin synthase activity and the content of nitrogen monoxide metabolites in homogenates of gastric mucosa were determined by spectrophotometric method. Results and discussion. The study showed that prophylactic administration of placental cryoextract in rats with diclofenac sodium-induced gastropathy is associated with increased activity of antioxidant system in gastric mucosa as demonstrated by an elevated catalase activity by 40.0% as compared with control rats. Modulation of antioxidant-prooxidant homeostasis is believed to be one of the principal mechanisms of gastrocytoprotective action in combined action of low temperatures and cryoextract of the placenta. This is shown by a statistically significant (p &lt; 0.05) 2.2-fold increase of antioxidant-prooxidant index in the study group as compared with rats with diclofenac sodium-induced gastropathy. Administration of placental cryoextract was found to increase prostaglandin synthase activity in rats with diclofenac sodium-induced gastropathy by two times as compared with control rats, which would reduce iatrogenic prostaglandin deficiency in gastric mucosa. Also, the combined action of low temperatures and of placenta cryoextract was associated with a statistically significant (p &lt; 0.05) increase in the level of metabolites of nitrogen monoxide (by 70.1%) as compared with rats with diclofenac sodium-induced gastropathy. Conclusions. Modulation of prooxidant-antioxidant homeostasis in gastric mucosa and increase in contents of nitrogen monoxide metabolites and prostaglandin synthase activity are the leading mechanisms of gastroprotective activity of cryopreserved placental extract in diclofenac sodium-induced gastropathy.

Elevated seasonal temperature disrupts prooxidant-antioxidant homeostasis and promotes cellular apoptosis in the American oyster, Crassostrea virginica, in the Gulf of Mexico: a field study.

One of the major impacts of climate change has been the marked rise in global temperature. Recently, we demonstrated that high temperatures (1-week exposure) disrupt prooxidant-antioxidant homeostasis and promote cellular apoptosis in the American oyster. In this study, we evaluated the effects of seasonal sea surface temperature (SST) on tissue morphology, extrapallial fluid (EPF) conditions, heat shock protein-70 (HSP70), dinitrophenyl protein (DNP, an indicator of reactive oxygen species, ROS), 3-nitrotyrosine protein (NTP, an indicator of RNS), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) protein expressions, and cellular apoptosis in gills and digestive glands of oysters collected on the southern Texas coast during the winter (15°C), spring (24°C), summer (30°C), and fall (27°C). Histological observations of both tissues showed a notable increase in mucus production and an enlargement of the digestive gland lumen with seasonal temperature rise, whereas biochemical analyses exhibited a significant decrease in EPF pH and protein concentration. Immunohistochemical analyses showed higher expression of HSP70 along with the expression of DNP and NTP in oyster tissues during summer. Intriguingly, CAT and SOD protein expressions exhibited significant upregulation with rising seasonal temperatures (15 to 27°C), which decreased significantly in summer (30°C), leaving oysters vulnerable to oxidative and nitrative damage. qRT-PCR analysis revealed a significant increase in HSP70 mRNA levels in oyster tissues during the warmer seasons. In situ TUNNEL assay showed a significant increase in apoptotic cells in seasons with high temperature. These results suggest that elevated SST induces oxidative/nitrative stress through the overproduction of ROS/RNS and disrupts the antioxidant system which promotes cellular apoptosis in oysters.

Прооксидантно-антиоксидантний гомеостаз та відтворювальна здатність кнурів-плідників за впливу цитрату міді

Peroxide oxidation processes play a leading role in ensuring the motility, survival and fertilizing ability of sperm. A special role is given to limiting antioxidants (vitamins, amino acids, microelements). Therefore, the development of standardized feeding programs to provide antioxidant nutrition is one of the effective methods of reproductive biotechnology. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of copper citrate on the quality of sperm production and the formation of prooxidant-antioxidant homeostasis in sperm of boars. The experiment used adult boars of a large white breed, analogs in age, live weight and quality of sperm products. Experimental groups were fed copper citrate above the norm by 10% and 20%. It has been determined that feeding combined feed to boars with the addition of this compound in an amount of 10% above norm probably increases the weight of ejaculate by 12.5% (P&lt;0.05), the sperm motility and survival by 6.5% (P&lt;0.01) and 13.5% (P&lt;0.001), respectively. Such changes in sperm occur against the background of an increase in SOD activity by 80.6% (P&lt;0.05), a decrease in catalase by 43.5% (P&lt;0.05), a slowing down of peroxidation processes — a decrease in diene conjugates and TBA-active compounds. The additional introduction to the diet of copper citrate by 20% more than normal increases the concentration of spermatozoa by 13.2% (P&lt;0.01), the number of live spermatozoa by 20.7% (P&lt;0,01), with a simultaneous decrease in their survival, due to the acceleration of peroxidation processes — an increase in the content of diene conjugates, TBA-active compounds and DAA and a decrease in reduced glutathione. It has been found out that the fertilizing ability of sperm significantly depended on the amount of fed microelement. Sows inseminated with sperm of boars receiving copper supplement in the diet by 10%, had higher fertility rates by 7.1%, multifertility by 3.6%, and a litter weight at weaning by 8.8%. The additional administration of copper citrate reduced the fertility of sperm by 20%, as the fertility rate of sows of III group was the lowest and was 7.7% and 14.3% lower compared to I and II groups. A similar trend occurred in terms of high fertility, a litter weight at birth and weaning. Therefore, the additional feeding of a small amount of copper has a positive effect on the functional activity of sperm and the processes of normal fertilization, growth and development of embryos and newborn piglets by optimizing the formation of prooxidant-antioxidant homeostasis.

Dietary effects of drone larves homogenate on the homeostatic constants and the reproductive capacity of Large White gilts

Background: With modern requirements for housing agricultural animals particularly pigs, the manifestation of normal physiological functions significantly changes, especially reproductive one, which is manifested in an insufficiently expressed sexual cycle, reduced resistance due to technological stress. There is a need to develop effective reproductive biotechnologies in pig using organic stimulants of entomological origin, among which a significant place is given to the homogenate of drone larvae (HDL).The aim of the study was to determine the dietary effects of HDL on the formation of prooxidant-antioxidant homeostasis in Large White (LW) gilts,as well as to optimize reproductive function during experimental feedingof HDL.Methods: In the study, gilts representing Large White breed were investigated. A total of 20 gilts representing two groups. The first feeding group (n=10) of LW gilts was fed with the control normal diet, and the second feeding group (n=10) of LW gilts wasfed with the supplement diet i.e., the biological additive of homogenate drone larvae in quantity of 0.5g daily. To assess prooxidant-antioxidant homeostasis in pigs, blood samples were taken from the anterior vena cava into the diestrus phase i.e., 11 days from the beginning of the second cycle after the determination of the immobility reflex and the estrus phase i.e., 24 days after the start of estrus after the determination of the immobility reflex. Intracervical artificial insemination of gilts was performed during 24 and 36 hours after the determination of the immobility reflex, and depending on the manifestation of signs of estrus.Results:Study found an intensification of peroxidation processes during the period of puberty in LW gilts , which wasmanifested in an increase in the content of diene conjugates on the 180th and 210th days of development by 63.6% and 44.1%, respectively.This is confirmed by a significant increase in the number of secondary products of peroxidation - TBA-active complexes in these periods of their development. Studyrevealed that during puberty of gilts the antioxidant defense system wasthe most labile from 6 to 8 months of age, where the variability of PAG components wassignificant in terms of increased activity of superoxide dismutase (p &lt;0.01) and catalase (p &lt;0.05), as well as the amount of reduced glutathione. Moreover, additional feeding of HDLcontributedto the probable slowing down of peroxidation processes in blood, which was confirmed by the lower content of diene conjugates (p &lt;0.05-0.01) and TBA-active complexes (p &lt;0.01-0.001).Conclusions: Study concluded that experimental supplementary feeding ofHDLdiet to LWgiltsstimulatedthe reproductive function during their puberty by reducing the time to the first estrous cycle for artificial insemination, thus improved the fertility in LW gilts.

Вплив прооксидантно-антиоксидантного гомеостазу на функціональну активність сперміїв кнурів за корекції мінерального живлення

The use of chelated compounds of trace elements as an alternative to mineral salts can increase their conversion, reduce the content in feed and prevent environmental pollution. However, it remains relevant to study the effect of these substances on the reproductive capacity of pigs. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of prooxidant-antioxidant homeostasis (PAH) on the functional activity of sperm of boars in the correction of mineral nutrition. The study used adult boars of the Large White breed. The duration of the experiment was 120 days, including: preparatory - 30, basic - 60 (feeding lactates of Zinc, Selenium, Copper and Iron) and final - 30 days. In the main period of the experiment, the diet of animals in the control group remained unchanged, and two experimental were with the addition of lactates Zinc, Selenium, Copper and Iron. The level of biologically active components in the diet of the experimental groups was higher by 10% and 20% compared with the control group. In the obtained blood samples it was determined the state of PAG. The functional activity of sperm in stored spermatozoa at 170C after 3 hours of incubation was determined by their activity and survival by testing for heat resistance, heat stress resistance, the number of anomalies and the integrity of acrosomes. It was found that the introduction of lactates of Zinc, Selenium, Copper and Iron in the feed mixture to boars significantly changes the state of PAG in blood depending on the number of additionally fed lactates of trace elements. The addition of these biologically active substances by 10% above the norm after 60 days of feeding helps to preserve the content of antioxidant vitamins, reduced glutathione, stimulates the functional activity of superoxide dismutase by 50% and catalase by 23.6% and is accompanied by a slight decrease in peroxidation processes. conjugates and TBC-active complexes. The addition of lactates of micronutrients to the feed mixture is by 20% more than norma for boars, compared with the control group, after 30 days of use stimulates peroxidation, accompanied by intensive use of non-enzymatic - vitamin A (p &lt;0,05-0,01) and activation of enzymatic antioxidants - superoxide dismutase (p &lt;0.05-0.01) and catalase, which lasts for 90 days. The viability of sperm is significantly correlated with the number of additionally fed lactates of trace elements. The addition of these biologically active substances by 10% more than normal after 60 days of feeding helps to increase the functional activity of sperm for 3 hours at a temperature of 170C storage, heat resistance (p &lt;0.05), heat stress resistance, increases their ability to fertilize. The addition of lactates of micronutrients in the feed mixture is by 20% more than the norm for boars in comparison with the control group after two months of feeding increases the number of pathological forms of sperm (p &lt;0,005), acrosome damage (p &lt;0,05), reduces heat resistance and heat stress resistance of sperm &lt;0.05), which reduces their fertility. It was found the fact that the processes of peroxidation in blood of boars are significantly interrelated with the functional activity of sperm in stored spermatozoa. The content of primary and secondary peroxidation products significantly correlates with the fertilizing ability of sperm in the range of r = 0.95… 0.99. The activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase are significantly interrelated with the fertilizing ability of sperm: in animals of the second group, the correlation coefficients were respectively r = 0.98 and r = 0.97, the third - r = 0.12 and r = 0.96, the first - r = - 0.58 and r = 0.80.

Effects of elevated temperature on prooxidant-antioxidant homeostasis and redox status in the American oyster: Signaling pathways of cellular apoptosis during heat stress

Increasing seawater temperature affects growth, reproduction, development, and various other physiological processes in aquatic organisms, such as marine invertebrates, which are especially susceptible to high temperatures. In this study, we examined the effects of short-term heat stress (16, 22, 26, and 30 °C for 1-week exposure) on prooxidant-antioxidant homeostasis and redox status in the American oyster (Crassostrea virginica, an edible and commercially cultivated bivalve mollusk) under controlled laboratory conditions. Immunohistochemical and real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) analyses were performed to examine the expression of heat shock protein-70 (HSP70, a biomarker of heat stress), catalase (CAT, an antioxidant), superoxide dismutase (SOD, an antioxidant), dinitrophenyl protein (DNP, a biomarker of reactive oxygen species, ROS), and 3-nitrotyrosine protein (NTP, an indicator of reactive nitrogen species, RNS), in the gills and digestive glands of oysters. In situ TUNEL assay was performed to detect cellular apoptosis in tissues. Histological analysis showed an increase in mucus secretion in the gills and digestive glands of oysters exposed to higher temperatures (22, 26, and 30 °C) compared to control (16 °C). Immunohistochemical and qRT-PCR analyses showed significant increases in HSP70, DNP and NTP protein, and mRNA expressions in tissues at higher temperatures. Cellular apoptosis was also significantly increased at higher temperatures. Thus, heat-induced oxidative and nitrative stress likely occur due to overproduction of ROS and RNS. Interestingly, expression of CAT and SOD increased in oysters exposed to 22 and 26 °C, but was at or below control levels in the highest temperature exposure (30 °C). Collectively, these results suggest that elevated seawater temperatures cause oxidative/nitrative stress and induce cellular apoptosis through excessive ROS and RNS production, leading to inhibition of the antioxidant defense system in marine mollusks.

Prooxidant-antioxidant homeostasis in boars depending on the types of higher nervous activity

The peculiarities of formation of prooxidant-antioxidant homeostasis (PAG) in boars of different types of higher nervous activity have been studied. Using motor-nutritional techniques, it has been opposed adult boars of the Large White breed aged 24–36 months according to the main types of higher nervous activity (HNA). Four groups of 3 heads each were formed. The first group includes animals of a strong balanced lively (mobile) type; group II includes a strong balanced calm (inert) type; group III includes a strong unbalanced (unrestrained) type; group IV includes a weak type of higher nervous activity. Sperm was received from boars manually, taking into account the total time of ejaculation, dividing the ejaculate into 4 fractions – F1 – the first, F2 – the second, F3 – the third, F4 – the fourth. PAGs in blood and ejaculates of boars were evaluated by the intensity of peroxidation processes (xanthine oxidase, diene conjugates, TBA-active compounds) and antioxidant defense systems (superoxide dismutase, catalase, reduced glutathione, ascorbic acid, vitamin A and vitamin E). Sperm contained higher amounts of diene conjugates and TBA-active complexes (P &lt; 0.05) compared to blood. The second tissue relative to the first one is characterized by a higher level of antioxidant defense: catalase activity, concentration of ascorbic acid, vitamin A and vitamin E. The process of PAG formation in the tissues of boars depends on the type of higher nervous activity (HNA). Thus, in individuals of a strong balanced lively and calm type, the course of peroxidation processes is somewhat slower because of a lower concentration of diene conjugates and TBA-active complexes. It was determined the fact that in blood and sperm of boars of strong unbalanced and weak types of HNA the course of peroxidation is more intense, the antioxidant defense system is at a lower level that is connected with less superoxide dismutase activity (P &lt; 0.05), concentration of ascorbic acid (P &lt; 0.001), vitamin A (P &lt; 0.01–0.001), and vitamin E (P &lt; 0.001). In the second and third fractions of ejaculate of boars, the PAG is shifted in the direction of probable acceleration of peroxidation processes, especially in strong unbalanced and weak types of HNA because of a higher concentration of diene conjugates, dehydroascorbic acid. Animals of a strong balanced lively and calm types of HNA are characterized by a higher level of antioxidant defence – catalase activity, superoxide dismutase, reduced glutathione, ascorbic acid and vitamin E. In the first and fourth fractions of ejaculate, peroxidation processes are slower and there is no superoxide dismutase activity and the amount of vitamin A and vitamin E.

Hormonal regulation of prooxidant-antioxidant homeostasis in gilts

The results of research on the features of cyclic lability of homeostasis in gilts are highlighted. In the experiments it has been used gilts of the Red White belted breed of meat pigs at different phases of the reproductive cycle: luteal phase, estrus, on the 15th, 20th, 30th, 60th, 90th, 104th, 113th day of pregnancy and in 12 hours after farrowing. The dynamics of the content of thyroid and steroid hormones, as well as the peculiarities of the formation of prooxidant-antioxidant homeostasis were determined in blood serum. It was found out that the amount of steroid hormones in blood of gilts is labile and is determined by the physiological state, namely the onset of estrus, relative to the luteal phase, it is increased the level of thyroxine (30.0 %), triiodothyronine (26.3 %), estradiol-17 β (by 22.8 %, P &lt; 0.01) testosterone (15.2 %), as well as a decrease in progesterone (by 37.2 %). Such changes are accompanied by the acceleration of peroxidation processes, xanthine oxidase activity increases, it is increased the content of diene conjugates (P &lt; 0.05) and TBA-active compounds. This is accompanied by a probable increase in the level of antioxidant protection – the activity of superoxide dismutase (P &lt; 0.05), vitamin A (P &lt; 0.05) and vitamin E (P &lt; 0.05). During two months of pregnancy, the concentration of thyroxine (P &lt; 0.05), triiodothyronine, progesterone (P &lt; 0.01), testosterone (P &lt; 0.05) and estradiol-17β increases. Such metabolic shifts cause changes in the state of prooxidant-antioxidant homeostasis in the direction of reducing the intensity of peroxidation processes. In gilts before farrow there is a decrease in thyrocoxin, triiodothyronine and progesterone. The intensification of peroxidation was found: the increase in SOD activity (P &lt; 0.05), the dehydroascorbic acid content (P &lt; 0.05), diene conjugates and TBA-active complexes, as well as the decrease in the concentration of reduced glutathione and vitamin A (P &lt; 0.05) and vitamin E (P &lt; 0.05). In blood of sows after farrowing, the concentration of thyroxine increases on 1.3 times, triiodothyronine – on 2.7 times, and progesterone and estradiol-17β decreases on 1.8 and 8.7 times, respectively. It was revealed that the intensity of lipid peroxidation processes decreased: DC content by 16.3 % and TBA-active complexes by 13.3%. It was determined that the concentration of ascorbic acid decreased by 32.8 % and vitamin E – 18.9 %.

Influence of vitamins on the prooxidant-antioxidant homeostasis in boars under the conditions of heat stress

The intensity of reproduction of the live-stock of pigs largely depends on environmental factors, in particular fluctuations in indoor temperature, which is often seasonal. It was found out the fact that in the summer with a long rise in temperature it is worsened the quality of sperm in boars, which is accompanied by a decrease in the fertility of sperm, and in multiplicity and large foetus fertility of sows. The aim of the study was to determine the influence of antioxidant vitamins on the prooxidant-antioxidant homeostasis in blood of boars under the conditions of heat stress. In the study it was used the adult boars of the Large White breed. The duration of the experiment was 120 days, including: preparatory one is 30 days, basic one is 60 days (feeding vitamin A, vitamin E, ascorbic acid) and final one is 30 days. In the main period of the experiment, the diet of animals in the control group remained unchanged, and it was for two experimental ones with the addition of vitamin A, vitamin E and ascorbic acid. The level of biologically active components in the diet of the experimental groups was higher by 10 % and 20 % compared with the control group. In the received blood samples it has been determined the state of prooxidant-antioxidant state. It has been determined that housing boars in conditions of increased temperature is accompanied by the acceleration of peroxidation processes and the depletion of the antioxidant defense system in blood. The introduction of a vitamin supplement in the feed mixture to boars significantly changes the state of prooxidant-antioxidant homeostasis in this tissue depending on the amount of additionally fed vitamins with antioxidant action. The addition of these biologically active substances by 10 % above the norm after 60 days of feeding increases the content of vitamin A (P &lt; 0.05), vitamin E (P &lt; 0.05), reduced glutathione and slows down the processes of peroxidation – reducing the concentration of diene conjugates (P &lt; 0.01) and TBA-active complexes. Feeding vitamins with antioxidant action in the feed mixture is 20 % more than the norm for boars, compared with the control group, after a month of the use, inhibits peroxidation processes. Two months of using these compounds probably reduced the number of diene conjugates (P &lt; 0.01) and TBA-active complexes. It is accompanied by an increase in the content of low molecular weight antioxidants – vitamin A (P &lt; 0.01), vitamin E (P &lt; 0.05) and ascorbic acid, the level of which is maintained for at least a month after their use.

Influence of the microelement lactates on prooxidant-antioxidant homeostasis in boars

The microelements, closely linked to enzymes, vitamins and hormones, cause the metabolic transformations to realize the genetic potential of the productivity in pigs. The use of chelate compounds of microelements as an alternative replacement of mineral salts allows to increase their conversion, to reduce the content in compound feeds, preventing environmental pollution. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of microelement lactates on prooxidant-antioxidant homeostasis in boars. It was used the adult boars of the Large White breed in the study. The duration of the experiment was 120 days, including: preparatory one is 30 days, basic one is 60 days (feeding boars with zinc, selenium, copper and iron lactates) and the final one is 30 days. In the main period of the experiment, the diet of the animals in the control group remained unchanged, and the two experimental ones were with the addition of zinc, selenium, copper and iron. The level of biologically active components in the diet of the study groups was higher by 10 % and 20 % compared with the control group. In the obtained blood samples it has been determined the state of the prooxidant-antioxidant state. Feeding zinc, selenium, copper and iron lactates in the feed mixture for boars significantly changes the prooxidant-antioxidant state in the blood depending on the amount of micronutrients additionally fed. The addition of these biologically active substances by 10 % above normal after 60 days of feeding helps to preserve the content of vitamins antioxidant action, restored glutathione, stimulates the functional activity of superoxide dismutase by 50 % and catalase by 23.6 % and is accompanied by a slight decrease processes of peroxidation decreasing the concentration of conjugates and TBA-active complexes. The addition of the microelement lactates to the feed mixture by 20 % more than the norma for boars compared with the control group after 30 days of the consumption stimulates the processes of peroxidation, accompanied by intensive use of non-enzymatic – vitamin A (P &lt; 0.05–0.01) and the activation of enzymatic antioxidants – superoxide dismutase (P &lt; 0.05–0.01) and catalase, which lasts for 90 days.

Прооксидантно-антиоксидантний гомеостаз в інкубованій спермі кнурів-плідників при згодовуванні лактатів мікроелементів

Прооксидантно-антиоксидантний гомеостаз в інкубованій спермі кнурів-плідників при згодовуванні лактатів мікроелементів

Особливості прооксидантно-антиоксидантного гомеостазу у спермі кнурів-плідників за корекції мінерального живлення

The solution of the problem of storage the whole and diluent sperm is aimed at revealing the peculiarities of the exchange processes in the transition of spermatozoa to the natural state of anabiosis and the creation of programs for their activation, which will greatly increase the possibility of the use of the method of artificial insemination of pigs. The microelements in sperm of boars exert an active influence on the motility of spermatozoa by regulating the intensity of peroxide oxidation and the antioxidant protection system. The purpose of the research was to determine the peculiarities of the formation of prooxidant-antioxidant homeostasis in the preserved sperm of boars when they are fed with microelement lactates. In the study adult boars of the Large White breed were used. The duration of the experiment was 120 days, including: preparatory one was 30 days, basic one was 60 days (feeding of zinc, selenium, copper and iron lactates) and the final one was 30 days. In the main period of the experiment, the diet of the animals in the control group remained unchanged, and the two experimental ones were with the addition of zinc, selenium, copper and iron. The level of biologically active components in the diet of the experimental groups was higher by 10% and 20% compared with the control group. The samples of ejaculates (100 ml) were stored at temperatures of 380C, 170C and 50C for 24 hours. The state of prooxidant-antioxidant homeostasis was evaluated by the content of diene conjugates, TBA-active complexes, reduced glutathione, vitamin A, vitamin E, ascorbic and dehydroascorbic acids, activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase. It has been determined the fact that feeding boars with zinc, selenium, copper and iron lactates which are included in feed composition significantly alters prooxidant-antioxidant homeostasis in ejaculates after 24 hours’ storage at different temperature regimes. The course of peroxidation processes in incubated sperm at 380C is intense, at 170C it slows down, and at reducing to 50C it slows down in 2-3 times. The amount of microelement lactates fed to boars determines the change in the state of prooxidant-antioxidant homeostasis in sperm. The addition of these nanoacqualates, at a dose of 10% higher than norm, during 60 days stimulates the activity of antioxidant enzymes, increases the concentration of low molecular weight antioxidants namely reduced glutathione, vitamins A, E and ascorbic acid. These biological effects in the change of prooxidant-antioxidant homeostasis last for at least a month, after adjusting the mineral nutrition. Feeding boars with the microelement lactates by 20% above norm, compared with the group receiving 10% higher amounts of them, accelerates the processes of peroxidation during storage of sperm (t = 17 and 380C), where the most significant intergroup difference in the content of diene conjugates (p <0.05-0.01) is observed for the 60th day of using and lasts for at least one month. Such changes occur against the background of intensive use of vitamin A (p <0.01), vitamin E (p <0.01), ascorbic acid (p <0.05-0.01) and the activation of superoxide dismutase and catalase (p <0, 05), which lasts until the 60th day of the use of the additive of microelements.

The state of prooxidant-antioxidant homeostasis and immune status in patients with lichen planus and its correction

Objective - increasihg the effectiveness of treatment for patients with lichen planus by developing an improved tactic of complex differential therapy, taking into account changes in the parameters of prooxidant-antioxidant homeostasis, immune status of the organism and clinical manifestations of dermatosis.&#x0D; Material and methods. Under the supervision were 124 patients with lichen planus (85 women, 39 men) aged 24 to 67 years. In patients with lichen planus, the parameters of prooxidant-antioxidant homeostasis and immune status were determined before and after standard treatment (I comparative group - 42 patients), standard treatment with the inclusion of quercetin preparation (II comparative group - 41 patients) and the developed complex treatment using quercetin, polyenzyme preparation and low-intensity laser therapy with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects (III - main group - 41 patients) by known methods.&#x0D; Results. The modern tendencies of morbidity and clinical features of the course of lichen ruber planus have been investigated. A significant increase in patients with lichen ruber planus activity of the processes of free radical oxidation of lipid and protein structures with the formation of oxidative stress and the state of endogenous intoxication were established. Changes in phagocytosis, increase in serum levels of circulating immune complexes and certain proinflammatory cytokines were defined in patients with lichen ruber planus, their dependence on the nature of the clinical course of dermatosis was determined. An improved method of complex treatment of lichen ruber planus with the use of quercetin, a polyenzyme medication and low-intensity laser therapy with antioxidant and anti­inflammatory action has been developed.&#x0D; Conclusions. The developed advanced complex treatment of lichen planus patients with combined and differentiated use and the background of standard therapy for quercetin, a polyenzyme preparation, and low-intensity laser therapy with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects contributes to the normalization of prooxidant-antioxidant homeostasis, phagocytosis, circulating immune complexes of cytosets and studied pro-inflammatory direction, and also likely to improve short- and long-term clinical outcomes of therapy for such patients.

Comprehensive treatment of rosacea patients taking into account the indicators of inflammatory mediators and the state of prooxidant-antioxidant homeostasis

Objective - increasing the effectiveness of treatment of patients with rosacea, taking into account changes in the indicators of inflammatory mediators, the state of proox­idant-antioxidant homeostasis and the clinical course of dermatosis by developing complex differentiated therapy using anti-inflammatory and antioxidant drugs.&#x0D; Material and methods. Under the supervision were 112 patients with rosacea (73 women, 39 men) aged 26 to 67 years. In patients with rosacea, the parameters of prooxidant­antioxidant homeostasis and inflammatory mediators (individual cytokines) were determined before and after standard treatment (comparative group) and the developed complex treatment using anti-inflammatory and antioxidant drugs (main group) according to known methods.&#x0D; Results. A significant increase in the activity of the processes of free radical oxidation of lipid and protein structures with the formation of oxidative stress and the state of endogenous intoxication was established in patients with rosacea, and their connection with the clinical course of dermatosis was proved. Significant growth in the serum of proinflammatory cytokines (interleukins - 8, 17A and 18) was investigated in patients with rosacea and their relationship with the clinical form of dermatosis was determined.The correlation between indicators of oxidative stress and the level of proinflammatory cytokines in patients with rosacea was found. An improved method of complex treatment of rosacea patients with combined and differentiated use of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant drugs has been developed.&#x0D; Conclusions. The developed complex treatment of rosacea patients with combined and differentiated use against the background of standard therapy of antihistamines with anti-inflammatory activity of fast (containing bilastine) and prolonged action (ketotifen fumarate) and antioxidant drug ethylmethylhydroxypyridine succinate significantly improves both the immediate and long-term clinical results of treatment of such patients.

Chronophered approach to appointment of patients with alergodromatosis of antioxidant drugs

Objective - to increase the efficiency of treatment of pa­tients with allergic dermatitis by using chronodermined antioxidant drugs, taking into account the daily rhythms of the parameters of prooxidant antioxidant homeostasis.&#x0D; Materials and methods: 73 patients with allergic derma­titis (eczema, allergic and atopic dermatitis) were exam­ined, which determined the circadian (daily) rhythms of the parameters of prooxidant-antioxidant homeostasis.&#x0D; Results and discussion. In patients with allergic der­matitis, an increase in the mesor and amplitude of ma­lonic aldehyde, the fractions of oxidative modification of proteins and mediomolecular peptides with acrophase in the evening hours, as well as the reduction of the mesor of reduced glutathione and ceruloplasmin with batifase in evening hours, has been established, indicating activa­tion and growth during free radical oxidation processes lipids and proteins against the background of a decrease in the activity of antioxidant flora, which substantiates the chronoderminable purpose of such a patient with antioxidant drugs.&#x0D; Conclusion: Chronodetermined ap­pointment in the complex treatment of allergic dermati­tis antioxidant drugs accelerates the regression of their clinical manifestations, reduces the timing of treatment of patients, as well as helps to normalize their prooxidant antioxidant homeostasis.