Proof Of Validity Research Articles

Proof of concept validation of bioresorbable optical fibers for diffuse correlation spectroscopy

Optical quality bioresorbable materials have been gaining interest in recent years for various interstitial biomedical/medical application. An example of this is when the implant gradually dissolves in the body, providing physiological information over extended periods of time, hence reducing the need for revision surgeries. This study reports for the first time the in-house fabrication of single mode (at 785 nm) calcium phosphate glass (CPG) based bioresorbable optical fibers and investigates their suitability for microvascular blood flow monitoring using diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS). Ex vivo experiments in liquid phantom and non-invasive in vivo experiments on the human forearm muscle were conducted using multimode and single mode CPG bioresorbable optical fibers. The retrieved flow index from the correlation curves acquired using CPG fibers was in good agreement with that obtained using standard silica (Si) fibers, both ex vivo and in vivo. The results demonstrate the potential of CPG optical fibers for further exploration.

Developing a Pancasila students' character instrument: Proof of construct validity and estimation of construct reliability

This study aims to prove construct validity and estimate construct reliability of the character scale of Pancasila students by using confirmatory factor analysis. The research approach used is quantitative with a sample of 200 high school students selected at random. This study measured the variables by six aspects, 15 indicators, and 20 questions. The six aspects include faith and piety to God Almighty, global nationality, cooperation, independence, critical reasoning, and creativity. The data analysis technique used is confirmatory factor analysis. The study results concluded that the instrument for assessing the character of Pancasila students in high school had a loading factor of more than 0.4 and a value of more than 0.96 which was declared valid and significant. Likewise, the instrument has been declared fit in testing the goodness of fit model. Thus, this finding indicates that the observed and performance covariance matrices are not significantly different. This study recommends a scale to measure the character of Pancasila students in senior high school.

THE LEGAL STATUS OF UNCERTIFIED LAND IN INDONESIA: CHALLENGES AND PATHWAYS TO OWNERSHIP CERTIFICATION UNDER AGRARIAN LAW

Every individual has the right to private property, and these rights cannot be taken arbitrarily. Before the enactment of the Basic Agrarian Law (UUPA) in Indonesia, a dualism in agrarian regulations existed, leading to various forms of land tenure. One such form is "girik," a document associated with generational land ownership, often without an official land certificate. Girik land is typically inherited and lacks formal certification, creating potential legal complications. This research employs normative juridical methods, focusing on secondary data to examine the legal status of girik as land ownership evidence under Indonesian agrarian law. The study addresses two key questions: (1) What is the legal standing of girik as proof of land ownership under Indonesian agrarian law? and (2) How can the status of girik land be converted into a formal certificate of ownership? Findings reveal that the UUPA does not recognize girik as valid proof of ownership, as confirmed by Supreme Court Decision No. 34/K/Sip/1960. The research underscores the importance of formalizing girik land to prevent future legal disputes.

Malebranche’s approach to God’s existence

In this paper, the author reproduces one of Nicolas Malebranche’s arguments for God’s existence. The text offers (I) a logical formalization of the argument, (II) a formal proof of validity of the argument and, finally, some philosophical reflections concerning not only (III.I) the soundness of the argument, but (III.II) the intellectual benefits that a logical formalization offers to a philosophical historian of philosophy.

Character Scale for Assessing Discipline and Learning Responsibilities Character in Elementary School

Assessment is an important process in the learning series that needs to be carried out as well as possible using clear and high-quality instruments. Assessment of the character of discipline and responsibility in one elementary school was only carried out based on teacher observations. This can indirectly make the assessment subjective from the teacher's perspective only. This research aims to produce a collection of instruments for assessing the character of discipline and responsibility in the form of a quality self-scale. This type of research is development research carried out using the development instrument stage. The number of items developed in this research was 20 statements. After being analyzed using CFA, a total of 14 statements were obtained which can be used to measure discipline and responsibility character. The data collection technique used in this research used a validation sheet and a self-scale with a 5-category Likert. Validity is calculated using the Aikens formula and produces a high score. Meanwhile, the estimated reliability of this instrument was calculated using Composite Reliability, producing a number >0.7, which means the instrument has high reliability. Proof of validity and reliability has been fulfilled so that the instrument can be used in assessing discipline and responsibility character. Through a valid and reliable instrument, more accurate measurement data will be obtained, and objectivity in character assessment will be guaranteed. The research implications are in the self-scale which can be used as a balance in latent character assessment.

Thermometry mapping during CT-guided thermal ablations: proof of feasibility and internal validation using spectral CT

Objective. Conventional computed tomography (CT) imaging does not provide quantitative information on local thermal changes during percutaneous ablative therapy of cancerous and benign tumors, aside from few qualitative, visual cues. In this study, we have investigated changes in CT signal across a wide range of temperatures and two physical phases for two different tissue mimicking materials, each. Approach. A series of experiments were conducted using an anthropomorphic phantom filled with water-based gel and olive oil, respectively. Multiple, clinically used ablation devices were applied to locally cool or heat the phantom material and were arranged in a configuration that produced thermal changes in regions with inconsequential amounts of metal artifact. Eight fiber optic thermal sensors were positioned in the region absent of metal artifact and were used to record local temperatures throughout the experiments. A spectral CT scanner was used to periodically acquire and generate electron density weighted images. Average electron density weighted values in 1 mm3 volumes of interest near the temperature sensors were computed and these data were then used to calculate thermal volumetric expansion coefficients for each material and phase. Main results. The experimentally determined expansion coefficients well-matched existing published values and variations with temperature—maximally differing by 5% of the known value. As a proof of concept, a CT-generated temperature map was produced during a heating time point of the water-based gel phantom, demonstrating the capability to map changes in electron density weighted signal to temperature. Significance. This study has demonstrated that spectral CT can be used to estimate local temperature changes for different materials and phases across temperature ranges produced by thermal ablations.

Fe site regulation and activity deciphering by selective phase transformation in the confined FeNi nanoparticles for oxygen evolution reaction

Given its initially low activity and difficulty in active phase formation, Fe site regulation is rarely touched in FeNi-based oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts. Herein, the Fe sites regulation and activity deciphering are demonstrated by selective phase transformation taking nitrogen-doped carbon confined FeNi nanoparticles derived from Fe2Ni-MIL-MOF pyrolysis as an example; driven by the reduction atmosphere and Kirkendall effect assisted by melamine pyrolysis, some Fe and Ni sites were separated to form metallic Fe and FeNi alloy and the subsequent fluorination process induced the ionic compound FeF2 formation rather than NiF2, offering a good platform to evaluate the influence of active Fe phase for OER catalysis. Theoretical calculations combined with ex-situ and in-situ spectral characterization techniques proved the complete convention of FeF2 into a high-valent and reactive intermediate state of FeOOH. Considering the stable metallic state of Ni, the largely improved catalytic performance could be attributed to the Fe site regulation and the subsequent synergistic catalysis effect. Compared to the traditional iron-based catalyst, theoretically, the electronic structure of FeF2 was more conducive to the active FeOOH phase formation and significantly lowered the reaction energy barrier for OER. By addressing the aforementioned problems, low overpotential and good stability for OER catalysts were realized. The current work showed valid proof of the FeNi-based catalysts regulation via Fe sites for energy-relevant catalysis reactions.

Screening for anxiety and depression in the general population: Adaptation of the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 in Russia

The Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4) is one of the most well-known and widely used instruments for assessing anxiety and depressive symptoms.Objective. The aim of this study was to adapt the Russian-language version of the PHQ-4 in the general population.Material and Methods. Data collection was carried out with the help of the service «Anketolog». The participants were 2,000 Russians (1,000 men and 1,000 women) aged 18 to 60 years (M = 38.78; SD = 9.25).Results. The psychometric analysis confirmed the internal reliability and discriminative validity of the adapted questionnaire. The proof of the factor validity of the Russian version of the PHQ-4 was the identification of a two-factor structure describing the symptoms of anxiety and depression, and factor invariance by age, level of education, marital status, parental status, financial status and place of residence. Among the Russians, 44.9% had clinically significant anxiety symptoms and 42.9% had clinically significant depressive symptoms. Russians with anxiety and depressive symptoms more often sought counseling from a psychologist, coach, psychiatrist and neurologist, underwent psychopharmacological treatment in connection with psychological requests, contacted support groups and a psychological help hotline, used online products of automated or semi-automated psychological support, read psychological literature and used psychoactive substances.Conclusion. The psychometric properties of the Russian-language version of the PHQ-4 turned out to be similar to the psychometric characteristics of the original version of the questionnaire, and therefore the adapted questionnaire can be recommended for screening anxiety and depression in the general Russianspeaking population.

A distinct class of pan-cancer susceptibility genes revealed by an alternative polyadenylation transcriptome-wide association study

Alternative polyadenylation plays an important role in cancer initiation and progression; however, current transcriptome-wide association studies mostly ignore alternative polyadenylation when identifying putative cancer susceptibility genes. Here, we perform a pan-cancer 3′ untranslated region alternative polyadenylation transcriptome-wide association analysis by integrating 55 well-powered (n > 50,000) genome-wide association studies datasets across 22 major cancer types with alternative polyadenylation quantification from 23,955 RNA sequencing samples across 7,574 individuals. We find that genetic variants associated with alternative polyadenylation are co-localized with 28.57% of cancer loci and contribute a significant portion of cancer heritability. We further identify 642 significant cancer susceptibility genes predicted to modulate cancer risk via alternative polyadenylation, 62.46% of which have been overlooked by traditional expression- and splicing- studies. As proof of principle validation, we show that alternative alleles facilitate 3′ untranslated region lengthening of CRLS1 gene leading to increased protein abundance and promoted proliferation of breast cancer cells. Together, our study highlights the significant role of alternative polyadenylation in discovering new cancer susceptibility genes and provides a strong foundational framework for enhancing our understanding of the etiology underlying human cancers.

Preventing sexual violence in adolescence: digital booklet construction and validity

Objective: To develop and analyze a digital booklet for preventing sexual violence in adolescence as proof of content validity. Methods: This is a methodological study developed in three stages: digital booklet construction based on the Falkembach model; material validity by a committee of experts using the Index of Agreement (IA), considering it greater than 80%; and assessment by the target audience (adolescents), based on the application of the Suitability Assessment of Materials (SAM), considering it “Superior” between 70% and 100%; “Suitable”, between 40 and 69%; “Unsuitable”, between 0 and 39%. Results: The digital booklet was considered valid by experts, with an agreement rate between 86% and 100%, and qualified as “Superior” by adolescents with a score percentage of 97% on the SAM. Conclusion: The booklet was considered valid by experts and target audience, being able to be used as a technological resource to identify situations of sexual violence in adolescence and enable the adoption of preventive behaviors.

ABA DOA (Android-Based Attendance for D-III Accounting Lecturers) Using the USU Vocational Faculty Location Authorization Feature

Abstract This research details the development of Android-based Attendance Application for D-III Accounting Lecturers (ABA DOA) using Appsheet platform and utilizing LATLONG() and DISTANCE() functions for location validation. The development method applied is Rapid Application Development (RAD). ABA DOA provides convenience for lecturers with a self-photo feature as proof of validation, while integrating GPS and Google Maps to validate the location of attendance. The application results show efficiency in academic management with an optimal level of security. The LATLONG() function is used to determine the location coordinate point, while DISTANCE() is used to measure the distance between the authorized coordinate point and the attendance location. This research highlights the importance of technological innovation in supporting academic activities and campus management. The conclusion of this research is that ABA DOA successfully optimizes the attendance process with a high level of validation and security, making a positive contribution to the efficiency and effectiveness of study program management.

Legal Analysis of Providing Documents by a Notary to People Who Have No Direct Interest (MA Case Study Number 20/PK/PID/2020)

This study aims to determine and analyze the concept of UUJN and Legislation related to the obligation of notaries in providing documents to direct interested persons. To determine and analyze the sanctions for notaries who make power of sale deeds without the support of valid proof of ownership. To find out and analyze the legal protection of good faith buyers for the negligence of notaries who provide certificates to unauthorized parties Decision Number 20 PK/PID/2020. First, the conclusion states that every unlawful act that brings harm to another person, obliges the person who through his fault causes the loss, to compensate for the loss and everyone is responsible not only for losses caused by his actions, but also for losses caused by his negligence or lack of caution. Second, the legal consequences or sanctions for notaries who make power of sale deeds without valid proof of ownership can be subject to administrative sanctions in the form of written warnings, temporary dismissal, respectful dismissal, or dishonorable dismissal. Notaries may also be subject to civil sanctions. Third, the legal protection of good faith buyers against the negligence of notaries who provide certificates to unauthorized parties in Decision Number 20 PK/PID/2020. In principle, the law always provides legal protection to good faith buyers.

Plants Mind and Consciousness: A Theory of Plants Consciousness

The purpose of this research is to find out whether plants species have mind and consciousness, or whether plants have conscious awareness of themselves and their environment comparable to the human mind and consciousness. To begin with, this Paper has hypothesized that plants, animals, and human beings meet certain natural challenges that compel them to develop attributes and capabilities through (their common urge to survive) to cope with those challenges in the world. Thus, all living organisms, plants, animal, and human beings face the challenges to feed and avoid being eaten (or find a way around being eaten as plants do), to pass on their genes to the next generation for the perpetuation of their species. Human beings do it, animals do it, and plants also do it. Secondly, to be able to adapt to your environment, pass on your genes, take care of your offspring for the perpetuation of your species that animals have, human beings have, and plants also have, you got to have consciousness in the first place. However, in the third place, human adaptation to their environment as well as human behavior is powered by human consciousness or (according to neuroscientists), the human brain. But what about plants that obviously do not have brains? What type of consciousness fuels plants ability to adapt to their environments for their obvious survival activities? The search for the type of consciousness that powers plants activities of survival has led to these postulates: Consciousness consists of two main parts namely: a) Cosmic Consciousness and b) brain derived consciousness. c) Human beings use their brain derived consciousness (known as objective consciousness) for their behavior, while plants use their Cosmic Consciousness for their activities of survival. Hence, consciousness is dual, not monist, but dual consisting of Cosmic Consciousness (that plants use) and brain consciousness (that is responsible for human behavior). This Paper has focused on Plants use of Cosmic Consciousness for their activities of survival with regards to the topic of crosspollination that will be clear evidence that plants have consciousness. Plants use their Cosmic Consciousness for their activities of survival in many ways but the most prominent use of Cosmic Consciousness by plants can be clearly demonstrated in plants intentional and conscious control of the process of their fertilization widely known as Crosspollination. This is what this Paper has laid out as valid proof beyond any scientific doubt that Plants indeed have consciousness. So, what is crosspollination? How do plants consciously control crosspollination?

A coumarin-modified graphene quantum dot-based luminogen for the detection of cysteine in aqueous media.

A biocompatible fluorescence sensor for cysteine detection receives wide appreciation recently, because of its importance in the medical field. Functionalized graphene quantum dots (GQDs) are recently emerging biocompatible quantum dots, which are considered as suitable candidates for biomolecule detection. Motivated by this concept, here we have developed a versatile fluorescent probe based on 3-aminocoumarin (AMC) functionalized GQDs for the detection of cysteine (Cys). Modification on GQD with AMC resulted in a stable fluorescent probe with an enhancement in quantum yield of about 84% and 40 nm redshift in emission peak compared with bare GQD. The modified GQD is then used for the sensitive and selective detection of cysteine in aqueous media. The detection of Cys within the linear range of 50 nM to 1.5 μM was achieved with a detection limit (LOD) of 0.86 nM. Here, the AMC-GQD exhibit a turn-off fluorescence sensing behavior. The quenching mechanism was also explored. The sensing process follows dynamic quenching mechanism, which is attributed to the photoinduced charge transfer from AMC-GQD to Cys. The Stern-Volmer plot, energy-level alignment obtained from cyclic voltammetry measurements and density functional theory predictions give a valid proof for this. Furthermore, the sensor was applied efficiently to the determination of Cys in real water samples.

The Importance of Brand Registration to Reduce Unfair Competition in the World of Trade

Objective: The purpose of this study is to find out the legal solution to the importance of trademark registration to reduce the occurrence of unfair competition in the world of trade and provide sanctions for parties who imitate and copy marks. Method: The Research methods carried out in a systematic way in carrying out analysis and data collection activities in striving for certain goals to be achieved are definitions for research, For the realization of this research, the method applied is the analytical descriptive method. The purpose of this method is intended to be able to deliver a bright picture as a whole, carry out an assessment of positive legal norms and dig deeper into legal facts. The type of research that is then also applied in this research is normative juridical. Results: With a multitude of product brands in the market, it often confuses consumers when making choices. Sometimes, consumers choose products based on their budget, leading to the circulation of many counterfeit brands with significantly lower prices but identical names and appearances to genuine products. This is what is referred to as a violation of trademark rights. Therefore, for a trademark to be valid, it needs to be registered. Registration is carried out to provide valid proof of ownership of the trademark, to challenge counterfeit brands in circulation, and to reject trademarks with identical appearances registered by others. Thus, trademark registration is conducted to obtain protection and legal certainty for a brand.

Automation, live-cell imaging, and endpoint cell viability for prostate cancer drug screens.

Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the standard of care for high risk and advanced prostate cancer; however, disease progression from androgen-dependent prostate cancer (ADPC) to lethal and incurable castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and (in a substantial minority of cases) neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) is common. Identifying effective targeted therapies is challenging because of acquired resistance to established treatments and the vast heterogeneity of advanced prostate cancer (PC). To streamline the identification of potentially active prostate cancer therapeutics, we have developed an adaptable semi-automated protocol which optimizes cell growth and leverages automation to enhance robustness, reproducibility, and throughput while integrating live-cell imaging and endpoint viability assays to assess drug efficacy in vitro. In this study, culture conditions for 72-hr drug screens in 96-well plates were established for a large, representative panel of human prostate cell lines including: BPH-1 and RWPE-1 (non-tumorigenic), LNCaP and VCaP (ADPC), C4-2B and 22Rv1 (CRPC), DU 145 and PC3 (androgen receptor-null CRPC), and NCI-H660 (NEPC). The cell growth and 72-hr confluence for each cell line was optimized for real-time imaging and endpoint viability assays prior to screening for novel or repurposed drugs as proof of protocol validity. We demonstrated effectiveness and reliability of this pipeline through validation of the established finding that the first-in-class BET and CBP/p300 dual inhibitor EP-31670 is an effective compound in reducing ADPC and CRPC cell growth. In addition, we found that insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) inhibitor linsitinib is a potential pharmacological agent against highly lethal and drug-resistant NEPC NCI-H660 cells. This protocol can be employed across other cancer types and represents an adaptable strategy to optimize assay-specific cell growth conditions and simultaneously assess drug efficacy across multiple cell lines.

Armed groups, states and families: accounting for the dead as an element of humane treatment

ABSTRACT International humanitarian law requires that the bodies of those who die as a result of armed conflict, whether of international or non-international character, must be protected, treated with dignity, and all available information recorded prior to their disposal. In practice, non-international conflicts have become more prevalent over the last years, resulting into a proliferation of non-state armed groups who increasingly hold territory and provide governance-like services, such as the case of the Syrian Arab Republic and the Republic of Iraq. In providing services to populations under control through the establishment of a civilian administration, non-state armed groups have recorded deaths and issued death certificates. In response, States have introduced cumbersome procedures to recognize the fact of death for inheritance purposes, though not necessarily recognizing insurgent death certificates alone as proof for death. Failure to obtain a valid proof of death for the death of a family members’ results in denial of myriad rights afforded to surviving relatives. In considering the gravity and scale of this problem, this study considers whether the obligation to record deaths under humanitarian law, the obligation of humane treatment and the right to know the fate of relatives can shed light on how states may regard the validity of insurgent death certificates.

Cultural differences in the measurement of self-curiosity within Mexico: a person-centered and variable-centered study.

Background: This study assessed the role of culture in the measurement of the Self-Curiosity Attitude-Interest scale (SCAI-M), a measure of attitude and interest in increasing one's knowledge of self, adopting both a person-centered and variable-centered approach. Methods: The study was conducted on a Mexican sample composed of 484 adult participants who completed both the SCAI-M and a series of instruments that measure cultural dimensions through Qualtrix. Data were collected between November 9, to December 18, 2020, and respondents were contacted using advertisements on social media platforms (Facebook and WhatsApp). Analyses included multigroup confirmatory factor analysis and latent profile analysis. Results: A latent profile analysis allowed for the generation of three groups featuring distinct cultural orientations that were similar to previously found cultural profiles (Consensus-oriented Egalitarians, Flexible Individualists, and Rules-based Competitors). Multigroup Confirmative Factor Analysis showed partial metric and scalar invariance for the SCAI-M between groups; moreover, we found proofs of convergent validity with other cultural dimensions besides the ones linked with the Hofstede model. Our results indicate that cultural profiles and cultural variables are associated with both the level and meaning of self-curiosity among Mexican citizens. Conclusions: Finally, the discussion includes considerations on self-curiosity divergence among minority cultures and relevant clinical applications; a field for which we propose future research.

Development of Authentic Assessment Instruments of Football Passing, Dribbling, and Shooting Skills in Physical Education, Sports and Health Learning in Senior High School

This study aims at developing an instrument for authentic assessment of physical education, sports, and health learning outcomes on the basic movement skills of football games for senior high school students because the assessment of learning outcomes is very important in learning activities. The research method uses Research and Development (R&D) using a 4- D research model consisting of four steps, namely: (1) Define, defining by conducting a preliminary study of product needs, (2) Design, designing by compiling assessment rubrics adjusted to the curriculum, KI (core competencies) / KD (basic competencies), and materials, (3) Development, developing by validating with CVR (Content Validity Ratio) and reliability using Alpha Cronbach and ICC (Intraclass Correlation Coefficients), (4) Dissemination, product distribution for practitioner use. The subjects in this study were students of class XI of SMA Muhammadiyah Ponjong and SMAN 1 Depok, Special Region of Yogyakarta. The result of this study is the development of an authentic assessment instrument product of the basic motion of the football game. The results of the proof of validity using CVR (Content Validity Ratio) showed the results of 1, and the proof of reliability using Alpha Cronbach and ICC (Intraclass Correlation Coefficients) obtained the results of product trials at SMA Muhammadiyah Ponjong of r alpha cronbach = 0.770 and r ICC = 0.751. The large-scale test of the product was carried out at SMAN 1 Depok with the result of r alpha cronbach = 0.914. Therefore, the results of the proof of validity and reliability show that the product development of authentic assessment instruments for Physical Education, Sports and Health learning outcomes in basic football movement skills has a high level of reliability so that it can be used as an authentic assessment instrument.

Penerapan Pemeriksaan Saksi Secara Bersama-Sama Dalam Persidangan Perkara Pidana

The examination of witnesses regulated by Act No. 8 of 1981 on the Code of Criminal Procedure Law (hereinafter referred to as KUHAP) is a provision concerning formal criminal law. In the case No. PDM-242/JKTSL/10/2022 with the accused Ferdy Sambo (FS) and the case N. P.D.M-246/Jktsl/10/2022 with Princess Chandrwati (PC) there is an event conducted examination of witnesses jointly, becoming a material of investigation, whether such examination can be carried out simultaneously considering the witness in giving explanations must be independent. To respond to the focus of research in this research use normative jurisprudential research methods with conceptual approaches and legislative approaches. The conclusion is that the joint examination of witnesses is based on Article 172 (1) of the Convention. Accordingly, the public prosecutor or the accused or the legal counselor may prepare a witness of a qualitative nature, subject to the provisions of applicable law, so that the testimony of the witnesses may have a valid proof force. Furthermore, it is expected that the law enforcement agencies will be able to carry out witness examination procedures accurately and honestly in order to the objective of the examination in the trial, which is to material truth.