Reliable Proof Research Articles

Measuring The Effectiveness Of Summons And Notification By Registered Mail In Civil Cases At The Denpasar District Court

The summons and notification process in civil cases is a very important initial stage in resolving disputes in court. An illegal summons or inappropriate notification can result in the decision being annulled or even delaying the judicial process, which is certainly detrimental to the parties to the dispute. In Indonesia, especially at the Denpasar District Court, one of the methods used for summons and notification is by registered letter. This method was chosen because it is considered more formal and has reliable proof of delivery. However, the effectiveness of using registered letters as a means of summons and notification in civil cases needs to be evaluated. This is important to ensure that this method can actually achieve its objective, namely providing valid and timely notification to the parties to the dispute. The effectiveness of this method will have a direct impact on the smooth running of the judicial process and legal certainty for the parties involved. This research was conducted both empirically and normatively research to find the effectiveness of using registered letters as a way to summon litigants in civil cases at the Denpasar District Court. The facts obtained on the ground are that many court summons are not properly delivered to the litigants, and then court summons that failed to be sent will be returned to the Denpasar District Court without a stamp from the Village Chief as required by the provisions. In this case, evaluation is needed from both parties, the Denpasar District Court and PT Pos Indonesia, so that the summons and notification via registered letter can be carried out effectively and by applicable regulations.

Character Scale for Assessing Discipline and Learning Responsibilities Character in Elementary School

Assessment is an important process in the learning series that needs to be carried out as well as possible using clear and high-quality instruments. Assessment of the character of discipline and responsibility in one elementary school was only carried out based on teacher observations. This can indirectly make the assessment subjective from the teacher's perspective only. This research aims to produce a collection of instruments for assessing the character of discipline and responsibility in the form of a quality self-scale. This type of research is development research carried out using the development instrument stage. The number of items developed in this research was 20 statements. After being analyzed using CFA, a total of 14 statements were obtained which can be used to measure discipline and responsibility character. The data collection technique used in this research used a validation sheet and a self-scale with a 5-category Likert. Validity is calculated using the Aikens formula and produces a high score. Meanwhile, the estimated reliability of this instrument was calculated using Composite Reliability, producing a number >0.7, which means the instrument has high reliability. Proof of validity and reliability has been fulfilled so that the instrument can be used in assessing discipline and responsibility character. Through a valid and reliable instrument, more accurate measurement data will be obtained, and objectivity in character assessment will be guaranteed. The research implications are in the self-scale which can be used as a balance in latent character assessment.

Conversion of an industrial LIBS system to double-pulse operation to improve sulphur detection in rubber-based parts

The detection of sulphur as an elementary component of the crosslinking system of rubber compounds is difficult in LIBS single-pulse operation due to the usually low concentration and the poor response behavior of the analyte. However, reliable proof of the distribution quality of sulphur in the compound is a decisive quality criterion for the homogeneity of the crosslinking density achievable during vulcanization, which is important for the uniform performance of an elastomeric article, especially under dynamic load.Therefore a commercially available industrial LIBS system, (1064 nm Nd:YAG solid state laser, 100 mJ, 20 Hz) is extended with a 266 nm laser (Nd:YAG solid state laser, 60 mJ, 20 Hz) to combine an UV-based initial excitation (for ablation efficiency) followed by an IR-pulse (to realize highest plasma heating) to improve sulphur detection in rubber based compounds and parts. Optimization of the system parameters are investigated to improve the ablation efficiency and to increase the measured signal intensity/signal-to-noise-ratio of the analyte. The VUV sulphur lines at 180.658, 181.956, and 182.561 nm and the NIR sulphur lines at 921.298, 922.823, and 923.751 nm are under investigation.

Confirmation of the operational reliability of building structures at the place of their installation in the building

The article presents the results of full-scale static tests of two reinforced concrete columns arranged in different parts of a public building, the reliability of which was doubted due to the careless manufacture of concrete cubes before sending them for laboratory tests. Based on the doubts that arose, the construction of the object under construction was suspended with the requirement of convincing proof of the operational reliability of these load-bearing structures.

TORR: A Lightweight Blockchain for Decentralized Federated Learning

Federated learning has received considerable attention because it allows multiple devices to train models locally without revealing sensitive data. Well-trained local models are transmitted to a parameter server for further aggregation. The dependence on a trusted central server makes federated learning vulnerable to the single point of failure or attack. Blockchain is regarded as a state-of-the-art solution to decentralize the central server and provide attractive features simultaneously, such as immutability, traceability and accountability. However, current popular blockchain systems cannot be combined with federated learning seamlessly. Since all local models should be collected before aggregation, the latency of federated learning is determined by the slowest device. The consensus process required by blockchain will increase the latency further especially when a large block is required for including the model. Moreover, forever-growing blockchain together with models will take up a lot of storage space, making it impractical to be deployed on lightweight devices. To address these problems, we propose a lightweight blockchain TORR for federated learning. A novel consensus protocol Proof of Reliability is designed to achieve fast consensus while mitigating the impact of stragglers. A storage protocol is designed based on erasure coding and periodic storage refreshing policy. With erasure coding we take full advantage of the limited storage space of devices. With periodic storage refreshing policy we reduce the requirement for storage. Compared to the common blockchain-based federated learning system, TORR reduces the system latency, overall storage overhead and peak storage overhead by up to 62%, 75.44% and 51.77%, respectively.

System Reliability – e-Drive

System Reliability – e-Drive

Two-dimensional elastic distribution imaging of the sclera using acoustic radiation force optical coherence elastography.

The scleral elasticity is closely related with many ocular diseases, but the relevant research is still insufficient. Here, we utilized optical coherence elastography to carefully study biomechanical properties of the sclera at different positions and under different intraocular pressures. Meanwhile, elastic wave velocity and Young's modulus of each position were obtained using a phase velocity algorithm. Accordingly, the two-dimensional elasticity distribution image was achieved by mapping the Young's modulus values to the corresponding structure based on the relationship between the position and its Young's modulus. Therefore, elastic information in regions-of-interest can be read and compared directly from the scleral structure, indicating that our method may be a very useful tool to evaluate the elasticity of sclera and provide intuitive and reliable proof for diagnosis and research.

Intertwined gender inequality in Desy Anwar’s "Growing Pains"

Rooted within structures of patriarchy and modern life, gender equality seems still far from achieved. Providing social issues like gender inequality, literary works become reliable proof to portray subordination or discrimination against women. Thus, this study aspires to strive for women empowerment and re-educating men expectantly to tackle the problems of gender inequality. Desy Anwar’s Growing Pains is interlaced with gender issues in five chapters. This research aims to unveil a range of gender conflicts and the efforts of the female main characters to overcome the hardships in life. Descriptive criticism is employed as a method of analysis. Following Lazar’s Feminist Critical Discourse Analysis (2014), the linguistic data in the form of lexical choices, phrases, and clauses are first identified based on the language features indicating gender inequality or violence. Eckert and McConnell-Ginet’s language theory (2013) is applied in unraveling the details of linguistic evidence. Then, interpreting the discursive logic is correlated with the cultural realm of the novel Hence, the findings yield that all the selected lexicons, phrases, and clauses of the novel construct the meanings of gender issues. Socio-cultural experiences represent forms of gender-based violence such as asymmetrical family systems, misogynistic practices, gender-identity threatening, deviant female promiscuity, and cruel motherhood portrayal. The symbolic and psychological impacts are also identified, referring to post-patriarchal regimes. Although there seems to be effortful survival in masculine domination, both internal and external factors are in support of constructed gender inequalities. Eventually, all the female characters are demonstrated as the vulnerably subordinated subjects of neoliberal hegemony. This research fervently aims to recall the awareness of symbolic gender violence due to ongoing powers that halt the emergence of gender equality and reshape it into hegemonic strategies.Keywords: hegemony, inequality, misogyny, patriarchy, symbolic violence

Regional Peculiarities of Glorification and Deglorification in South Ural Commemorative Names

The article presents the results of cognitive, language-and-cultural and sociolinguistic analysis with the goal to distinguish the markers of regional identity in commemorative names, viewed as heroic ideologemes that help in actualizing ideological and axiological ideas of community. The empirical material, that was collected through upstanding sampling from regional web sites and survey, includes region commemorative names represented by nominations of outstanding people and historical events that took place in Chelyabinsk region. Considering cultural history of the territory, the commemorative names could remain in the regional consciousness for a long time without changing the original content. However, the original forms might either be simplified without losing the heroic sense or in the process of transonymization they might fail to keep it in folk naming, undergo renaming, or disappear from the local language landspace. Deglorification may be presented as complete or partial loss of heroic connotations in commemorative names. Heroic meaning of a toponym or microtoponym is kept on in cases of partial deglorification, though being specified by some positive connotations associated with the attitude of the local people to the commemorative name. Heroic meaning of commemorative nomination is faded out in cases of complete deglorification, thus reflecting ironical or contemptuous attitude of the South Ural people to transformed toponyms or microtoponyms. Commemorative toponyms and microtoponyms demonstrate reference to folk nomination; whereas recurrent usage of the same folk names in the answers to the survey is viewed as a reliable proof that regional place names and minor place names are markers of regional identity in the language consciousness of the South Ural people. The results of the study are supposed to be included in the Dictionary of Chelyabinsk regional lexicon.

Cyber Notary Issues Authority Certificate to Provide Legal Protection in Online Selling

Purpose: This study aims to ascertain the importance of a Cyber Notary Notary in issuing Certificate authority to protect the Law for buyers in online buying and selling transactions and the procedure for producing evidence that can be used as reliable proof.
 
 Theoretical framework: The frequent problems of buying and selling online have become evidence of the need for legal rules or electronic laws. Therefore, cyber notary must provide facilities by making an authority certificate with the aim of providing legal protection in online selling and buying
 
 Method/design/approach: Using both a statutory and a conceptual approach, this investigation was conducted. The information provided comes from secondary sources that contain legal content. The data was gathered via normative data and a literature review. Deductive logic analysis techniques were used to examine the sources of legal materials gathered.
 
 Results and conclusion: According to the findings of this study, the Notary is no longer required to perform valid deeds electronically for deed agreements or electronic contracts. However, the Notary's job can be fulfilled by issuing electronic certificates in collaboration with the Certificate Authority to become a trusted third party.
 
 Research implications: This verification procedure can be used to validate electronic certificates. The verification process requires digital forensics, but it can be verified immediately by scanning a barcode at the Republic of Indonesia's Ministry of Law and Human Rights office. The Law on the Job of a Notary should also contain this responsibility because the Job of a Notary should allow for and include a Notary in providing electronic certifications.
 
 Originality/value: A Notary should be recognised as a service provider in the electronic field as part of the Electronic Information and Transaction Law revisions to protect parties in online buying and selling.

Development of Authentic Assessment Instruments of Football Passing, Dribbling, and Shooting Skills in Physical Education, Sports and Health Learning in Senior High School

This study aims at developing an instrument for authentic assessment of physical education, sports, and health learning outcomes on the basic movement skills of football games for senior high school students because the assessment of learning outcomes is very important in learning activities. The research method uses Research and Development (R&D) using a 4- D research model consisting of four steps, namely: (1) Define, defining by conducting a preliminary study of product needs, (2) Design, designing by compiling assessment rubrics adjusted to the curriculum, KI (core competencies) / KD (basic competencies), and materials, (3) Development, developing by validating with CVR (Content Validity Ratio) and reliability using Alpha Cronbach and ICC (Intraclass Correlation Coefficients), (4) Dissemination, product distribution for practitioner use. The subjects in this study were students of class XI of SMA Muhammadiyah Ponjong and SMAN 1 Depok, Special Region of Yogyakarta. The result of this study is the development of an authentic assessment instrument product of the basic motion of the football game. The results of the proof of validity using CVR (Content Validity Ratio) showed the results of 1, and the proof of reliability using Alpha Cronbach and ICC (Intraclass Correlation Coefficients) obtained the results of product trials at SMA Muhammadiyah Ponjong of r alpha cronbach = 0.770 and r ICC = 0.751. The large-scale test of the product was carried out at SMAN 1 Depok with the result of r alpha cronbach = 0.914. Therefore, the results of the proof of validity and reliability show that the product development of authentic assessment instruments for Physical Education, Sports and Health learning outcomes in basic football movement skills has a high level of reliability so that it can be used as an authentic assessment instrument.

Efficacy of high-intensity versus low-intensity psychoanalytically oriented long-term treatments and determinants of outcome: individual participant data Meta-analysis of Long-term Analytic treatment Studies (MeLAS)

IntroductionLong-term psychodynamic/psychoanalytic psychotherapy (LTPP) is a prevalent treatment option for complex mental disorders. Yet, little is known about the role of treatment intensity in LTPP. We present a study protocol...

SEPERATING POWER LINE USING LIDAR POINT ELEVATION AND INTENSITY

Currently, the power grid and grid safety corridor are still issues of concern to the electricity industry. Every year, there are still many tragic accidents when violating the electricity grid safety corridor. In addition, unidentified objects and foreign bodies are also one of the hazards that can affect power lines and leave serious consequences. The problem is that it is necessary to separate the safety corridor of the power grid, power lines and the surrounding area so that warnings can be made quickly and promptly. To solve this problem, it is necessary to have a set of data that is collected quickly, processing data quickly and accurately. This paper deals with the use of LiDAR point cloud data in power line segregation and grid safety corridors. With the experimental results performed, the accuracy of the problem of separating the safety corridor of the power grid, power lines and adjacent areas with an accuracy of over 90% is a reliable proof for the suitability of the grid. LiDAR dataset, data processing technology with research problem.

Flame Retardancy Index (FRI) for Polymer Materials Ranking.

In 2019, we introduced Flame Retardancy Index (FRI) as a universal dimensionless index for the classification of flame-retardant polymer materials (Polymers, 2019, 11(3), 407). FRI simply takes the peak of Heat Release Rate (pHRR), Total Heat Release (THR), and Time-To-Ignition (ti) from cone calorimetry data and quantifies the flame retardancy performance of polymer composites with respect to the blank polymer (the reference sample) on a logarithmic scale, as of Poor (FRI ˂ 100), Good (100 ≤ FRI ˂ 101), or Excellent (FRI ≥ 101). Although initially applied to categorize thermoplastic composites, the versatility of FRI was later verified upon analyzing several sets of data collected from investigations/reports on thermoset composites. Over four years from the time FRI was introduced, we have adequate proof of FRI reliability for polymer materials ranking in terms of flame retardancy performance. Since the mission of FRI was to roughly classify flame-retardant polymer materials, its simplicity of usage and fast performance quantification were highly valued. Herein, we answered the question "does inclusion of additional cone calorimetry parameters, e.g., the time to pHRR (tp), affect the predictability of FRI?". In this regard, we defined new variants to evaluate classification capability and variation interval of FRI. We also defined the Flammability Index (FI) based on Pyrolysis Combustion Flow Calorimetry (PCFC) data to invite specialists for analysis of the relationship between the FRI and FI, which may deepen our understanding of the flame retardancy mechanisms of the condensed and gas phases.

New Packaging Technology for 2-dimensional VCSEL Arrays and Their Electro-Optical Performance and Applications

At IMAPS2021, we reported on 1-dimensional VCSEL arrays and the packaging technology developed for these arrays, but this time we present the manufacturing workflow and look at the challenges presented by the packaging of special long-wavelength 2-dimensional vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) arrays in various dimensions. We will show that available packaging technologies for epoxy application by silk screening, die- and wire bonding can be adapted for the unique properties of the 2D VCSEL arrays, delivering high accuracy for production with great overall yield. Proof of the excellent reliability and lifetime will be given through mechanical and electro-optical testing results. The technologies developed for 2D laser arrays will enable new devices for various new applications like high channel count interconnects for data communication and high power VCSEL solutions for 3D sensing. The perfected wire bonding process secured a homogeneous monometallic structure of the wire bonds, a reduced, well defined bond loop height, with sufficient clearance of the bonding wire above the VCSEL surface. Properly set-up manufacturing procedures for the packaging of the VCSEL arrays are necessary to achieve high performance and reliability of the products presented. Processing of large 2D-VCSEL arrays will be part of the paper. 2D arrays have enabled VCSEL technologies to address a wide range of new laser-based sensing applications. VCSEL products vary from laser chips with only a few emitters for proximity sensors up to several thousands of emitters for LiDAR systems. Applications include systems for the automotive, industrial, medical and consumer markets. There is a strong and growing market opportunity for long wavelengths VCSELs, e.g. based on InP material enabling single mode and multi-mode 2D-VCSEL arrays from 1.3 to beyond 2 µm. For 3D sensing systems and free-space optical communication, long wavelength 2D-VCSEL arrays offer improved eye safety and further benefits. The long wavelength VCSELs discussed in this paper can be deployed in a wide range of sensing and optical communication applications.

Greek Translation, Cultural Adaptation and Validation of the Mini Sarcopenia Risk Assessment Questionnaire, to Evaluate Sarcopenia in Greek Elderly at a Hospital Setting.

Sarcopenia is a progressive aging syndrome with severe socioeconomic costs. Therefore, the early diagnosis of sarcopenia is required to secure early treatment and to enhance quality of life. The Mini Sarcopenia Risk Assessment (MSRA) questionnaire, which is available in seven-item (MSRA-7) and five-item (MSRA-5) versions, is a sarcopenia screening tool that was translated into Greek, adapted, and validated in this study. The present study was developed in an outpatient hospital setting, from April 2021 to June 2022. The MSRA-7 and MSRA-5 questionnaires were translated backwards and forwards and adapted to the Greek language. To validate the MSRA questionnaire as a pre-screening tool to identify the risk of sarcopenia in the older Greek population, both the MSRA-7 and MSRA-5 versions were correlated with the Greek version of the SARC-F questionnaire, which is a widely accepted and well-known tool used in sarcopenia screening. Ninety elderly subjects aged 65-89 years-old with no mobility impairments participated in this study. The questionnaires' content validity was assessed using the Content Validity Ratio, and the Content Validity Index was calculated for the instrument. The intra-rater reliability was assessed by calculating the Intra-class Correlation Coefficient between the initial assessment and the reassessment of the MSRA questionnaire, which was 0.986, with a 95% Confidence Interval of 0.961-0.995. Concurrent validity was assessed between the Greek MSRA questionnaires and the SARC-F questionnaire using the Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (p). The Greek MSRA-7 questionnaire had a very high correlation with the SARC-F questionnaire (rho = -0.741, p < 0.001), as did the Greek MSRA-5 questionnaire (rho = -0.724, p < 0.001). The proofs of content validity, concurrent validity, and intra-rater reliability provided for the Greek versions of the MSRA, designated them as reliable pre-screening tools for the detection of sarcopenia in the older population and in clinical practice.

Desain Perancangan Sistem Pakar Pemeriksaan Dimensi Dan Arah Pada Tanda Tangan

The signature is a fully reliable proof of identity to explain the authenticity of a document, which becomes a serious problem that the acceptance of a signature as evidence of a person's recognition, in this case, is not accompanied by its identification, this causes great danger to the possibility of forgery and various other crimes related to signatures. The lack of experts and the lack of application of knowledge about this, and the development of crimes in this field, it is necessary to overcome using investigations based on science and technology as a tool for the prevention and prosecution of crimes, especially in the field of signature examination. The design of the expert system in this study is designed to assist signature examiners in anticipating the increasing crime of signature forgery, with restrictions on the dimensions and direction of the signature.

Preliminary data on the development of emotion vocabulary in typically developing children (5-13 years) using an experimental psycholinguistic measure.

Vocabulary of emotion is integral to emotional development and emotional intelligence is associated with improved mental health outcomes. Many language disordered groups experience emotional difficulties; Developmental Language Disorders, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and autism. However, (as in the case of autism) research tends to focus on assessing recognition of emotional states, rather than exploring labeling skills. Where labeling is assessed, measures have focused on early-acquired vocabulary (happy, sad, angry) or self/parent reporting. To date, no objective assessment has been made of vocabulary of emotion across childhood. This study uses an experimental psycholinguistic measure, The Emotion Vocabulary: Expressive and Receptive ability measure (EVER) which includes two tasks (receptive vocabulary and word generation/expressive vocabulary). This measure has capacity to demonstrate vocabulary growth across age groups. 171 participants (5.0-13.11 years) completed The EVER Measure, alongside two closely matched standardized measures of basic language: BPVS (receptive vocabulary task) and CELF (word-association task). Assessments were completed online and en vivo (COVID testing restrictions dependent). As predicted, children's accuracy increased on both receptive and expressive emotion vocabulary tasks, in line with age at time of testing. EVER scores were significantly predicted by age and correlated with matched basic language scores. Secondary analysis provided preliminary findings on age of acquisition for specific emotion vocabulary items. The findings consequently demonstrate proof of concept for the use of The EVER Measure in assessing emotional vocabulary across childhood. This study provides important preliminary data on generating and recognizing emotion labels across typical child development. Critically, it extends current knowledge on emotion vocabulary acquisition into middle childhood, where linguistic ability is relatively mature. As such, findings have implications for research with potential clinical application in the assessment of older children, with either language or emotional differences or both. Findings demonstrate the need for a standardized tool, and its potential application in research and clinical practice is explored. A large-scale study offering proof of concept and reliability of The EVER Measure is indicated.

Bulos fotográficos en Redes Sociales durante la post-pandemia y la guerra en Europa

The old aphorism saying “no pic, no news” is still very alive, although the immediacy of social networks has modified this in a way: the truth is that a set of factors has conspired to cloud the communicative landscape on networks, so what was once considered reliable proof of fact – a photo – cannot be taken as such, without the assistance of experts whose criteria cannot be easily understood by the public. Turning into a matter of discussion and opinion what would otherwise be incontrovertible facts. Fabricating facts has never been so convincingly available to so many.

Investigative (search) and covert investigative (search) actions as means of proof in criminal proceedings related to illegal trafficking in firearms or ammunition

The subject matter of the study is to provide a detailed description of investigative (search) and covert investigative (search) actions as means of proof in criminal proceedings related to illegal trafficking in firearms or ammunition. The purpose of the article is to clarify the place, content, significance and system of such actions.&#x0D; It is suggested that the actions under study are inherent phenomena, necessary processes which include methods of collecting and verifying factual data to form appropriate admissible and reliable evidence as the basis for making a lawful, reasonable and well-grounded court decision in criminal proceedings related to illegal trafficking in firearms or ammunition. This study is aimed at creating preconditions for improving existing and developing new forensic recommendations and methods for investigating criminal proceedings related to illegal trafficking in firearms or ammunition, as well as developing proposals for improving the current criminal procedure legislation in terms of regulating evidence.&#x0D; As a result of the study, it has been obtained new scientifically substantiated results which contribute to improving the provision of investigative bodies with modern methodological recommendations aimed at increasing the efficiency of investigation of criminal offenses related to illegal trafficking in firearms or ammunition. It has been clarified the meaning of investigative (search) and covert investigative (search) actions as effective means of proof due to their cognitive and identification capabilities, the significance of these actions (ensuring obtaining proper, admissible and reliable proof) has been determined and their system (priority and subsequent, typical and exceptional) has been considered. It has been proved that these actions form the instrumental basis for the formation of the evidence base in the course of criminal investigations. It is concluded that a systematic approach to the formation and scientifically based analysis and generalization of the content of evidence are the conditions for the development of effective modern methods of investigating criminal offenses related to illegal trafficking in firearms or ammunition.