Proof Of Ownership Research Articles

Proof of cryptoasset ownership in England and Wales

Proof of cryptoasset ownership in England and Wales

Faktor Hambatan dan Upaya Pemerintah Desa terhadap Pengelolaan Aset Desa Pone Kecamatan Limboto Barat

This research aims to determine the role of the village government in managing the assets of Pone Village, West Limboto District and to determine the factors that hinder the village government in managing the assets of Pone Village, West Limboto District. The type of research used by prospective researchers is Empirical Legal research with a qualitative approach. Empirical legal studies themselves are studies that view law as reality, including social realities, cultural realities, and empirical studies of the world of das sin (what is the reality). The results of the research show that the role of the Pone Village government in managing village assets is not optimal because in the series of planning and utilization processes , maintenance, administration and reporting carried out by the Pone village government are not yet based on applicable regulatory provisions. There are several inhibiting factors in managing village assets such as village-owned assets that do not have legal certainty in the form of proof of ownership in the name of the village government, weak human resources in managing owned assets villages, and budget financial constraints in supporting the management of village assets.

Land Ownership in Cameroon: An Overview

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to thoroughly examine land ownership in Cameroon, focusing on the legal classification of land, the legal and institutional framework governing land registration, and the procedures for obtaining a land certificate.
 Methodology: This study adopts a qualitative research approach, emphasizing content analysis of relevant data. It involves a detailed examination of legal documents, policies, and case studies related to land ownership in Cameroon.
 Findings: The findings reveal a diverse array of land forms in Cameroon, highlighting a comprehensive legal framework for land acquisition. However, discrepancies exist in the implementation of these laws, leading to conflicts and uncertainties in land ownership. The study identifies a significant gap in land title formalization, with many landowners relying on informal agreements or deeds of conveyance as proof of ownership. Furthermore, the findings suggest the need for further research into the intersection of ethnicity, land ownership, and the role of private corporations in land disputes.
 Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice, and Policy: This study contributes to the theoretical understanding of land ownership in a post-colonial African context, specifically examining the complexities in Cameroon. It offers practical insights for policymakers, legal practitioners, and landowners on the challenges and potential solutions in the land registration process. The study strongly recommends a revision of the existing land laws in Cameroon to align with contemporary realities and address the identified challenges.

Pengaturan Dan Penerapan Surat Izin Membuka Tanah Negara Sebagai Syarat Pendaftaran Hak Atas Tanah di Kota Balikpapan

This research departs from the Regional Regulation of Balikpapan City Number 1 of 2014 concerning the Permit to open a State Land while the permit is required as proof of land ownership to register the right to land in Balikpapan city. A stamp statement of the land concerned can be used as proof of land ownership for the registration mentioned above. Based on the above issue, this research aims to investigate the problems regarding (1) the regulation of the provision of the permit used to open a state land as a requirement to register the right to land in Balikpapan city and (2) the implementation of the permit used to open a state land as a requirement to register the right to land in Balikpapan city. This research employed socio-legal and socio-juridical methods and took place in Balikpapan as the first city to put the regulation in place regarding the permit mentioned above as a requirement to register the right to land as governed in a Regional Regulation. His research reveals that the Regional Government of Balikpapan City holds the authority to enforce this regulation according to Law Number 23 of 2014 concerning the Regional Government. The implementation of this permit to open a state land as the proof of land ownership in the registration of the right to land in Balikpapan has not been efficient, while people can still refer to the stamp statement to replace this permit document. Therefore, this research suggests that adjustments regarding the regulation be made to assure legal certainty for the people of Balikpapan.

Konflik Agraria Di Pedesaan, Tantangan Dan Harapan

In Indonesia, land or agrarian issues usually confront local communities with the power of capital or corporations and state instruments. If we look back, land problems usually start from monopoly policies on land ownership by the state and are then commercialized by the state to gain profits, which is still very difficult to resolve. Providing proof of ownership of land, or a land title certificate, is a way to organize assets in this case. On the other hand, managing access means providing support or infrastructure, such as infrastructure, market support, capital, technology and other assistance, so that the subject of Agrarian Reform can develop. The method used in this research is a descriptive method with a literature approach. Literature study is defined as a series of activities related to collecting information relevant to the topic or problem that will be or is being researched from library sources, reading, taking notes and processing research materials. Thus, this article aims to provide a deeper understanding of agrarian conflict in rural areas, challenges and hopes (Bingkawan-Rambung Baru Village Study, Sibolangit subdistrict, Deli Serdang district).

Legal Conformity Between Rahn Tasjily And Fiduciary Guarantee And Obstacles To Implementation In Indonesia

The focus of this research is to provide solutions for the problem in the implementation of fiduciary guarantees and Rahn Tasjily. Rahn Tasjily is collateral in the form of goods for debts, with the agreement that only legal proof of ownership will be handed over to the recipient of the guarantee (murtahin), while the physical collateral (marhun) remains in the control and use of the guaranteed provider (rahin). This research aims to achieve two objectives: first, to examine the suitability of the fiduciary guarantee with rahn tasjily and second, to analyze the appropriate formulation to ensure the legal conformity of the fiduciary guarantee with rahn tasjily and its implementation in an engagement/transaction in accordance with sharia principles. This is normative legal research with a statutory and conceptual approach. The study concludes that: (1) Rahn Tasjily as regulated in the fatwa of the National Sharia Council of the Indonesian Ulema Council Number 68/DSN-MUI/III/2008 shares similarities or conformity with the provisions of Fiduciary Guarantee (Law No. 42 of 1999 concerning Fudiciary Guarentee). This conformity refers to the conformity between the object/collateral and the proof of ownership, instead of the form of the object. Both are also referred to as an accesoire agreement; (2) In order to ensure the legal conformity between the fiduciary guarantee and rahn tasjily and its implementation as a material guarantee in sharia financing without doubt, the legislators need to make changes to Law Number 42 of 1999 as a way to provide clear arrangements regarding the main engagements to be burdened with fiduciary guarantees, which include: conventional or sharia-based debt or financing agreements.

PENDAFTARAN TANAH SISTEMATIS LENGKAP (PTSL) BERDASARKAN PERATURAN MENTERI AGRARIA DAN TATA RUANG/KEPALA BADAN PERTANAHAN NASIONAL REPUBLIK INDONESIA NOMOR 35 TAHUN 2016 DI WILAYAH LOMBOK TIMUR

Most of the land parcels in East Lombok Regency have not been registered, the basis of rights used by land rights holders as proof of land ownership is only in the form of continuous and hereditary. Therefore, it is necessary to formulate a problem, namely how to implement a complete systematic land registration in East Lombok Regency. The research method used is empirical law with three approaches, namely: statutory approach, conceptual approach and sociological approach. In its implementation, the Complete Systematic Land Registration (PTSL) program in Selong District, East Lombok Regency refers to the provisions in PERKABAN Number 1 of 2017 concerning Amendments to PERKABAN Number 35 of 2016 concerning the Acceleration of the Implementation of Complete Systematic Land Registration and PERKABAN Number 37 / Kep-7.1 / I / 2017 concerning Technical Guidelines for Complete Systematic Land Registration where there are several stages in the implementation of the PTSL starting from Preparation (socialization, location determination, manpower planning and formation of an accelerated adjudication committee, training), counseling, juridical data collection, juridical data processing and proof of rights, land inspection, announcement, ratification, issuance of rights determination decrees and rights affirmation/recognition decisions, rights bookkeeping, issuance and submission of certificates, management of warrants/documents and reporting.

Kemudahan Akses Kutipan Buku Leter C Sebagai Bukti Kepemilikan Hak Atas Tanah Oleh Pemerintah Desa

Ease of access to land letter C book excerpts as proof of ownership of land rights by the village government in the context of public information disclosure. The research method uses empirical legal research with a sociological juridical approach. The results of the research show that in providing easy access to quotations from letter C books as proof of ownership of land rights by the village government in the context of public information disclosure, the village government is guided by the provisions of the applicable laws and regulations, although still in a conventional way, namely based on a letter of application from the applicant and then the village government issues a land history statement based on the letter C book in the village to be given to the applicant provided that the applicant is a party who has a legal relationship with the object for which the letter C quotation is requested. If these requirements are not met, the village government will not issue the requested Letter C quotation, except by order of the court. The obstacles faced by the village government in providing easy access to quotations from the letter C book as proof of ownership of land rights in order to realize openness of public information and alternative solutions are the disorderly administration of the village government, especially in the village letter C book, data (information) in the letter C book. but it does not match the reality and the condition of the Letter C book is outdated (difficult to read) as well as political differences during the village head election. Alternative solutions include encouraging PTSL programs in villages, digitizing letter C books, providing outreach to the community about the importance of title ownership certificates as proof of legal ownership.

Pemenang Lelang Eksekusi terhadap Jaminan Tanah yang Belum Bersertifikat

The large number of people who do not have proof of land ownership is an obstacle in obtaining credit from banks. However, responding to this, the bank allows the bank to be able to accept credit submitted to it. However, it becomes a problem when the auction winner wants to transfer the rights to the land, it cannot be done because the land has not been certified, which results in the auction winner not being able to pay the BPHTB. The research method used is normative legal research. Legal regulations regarding auctions for land that have not been certified are contained in Article 41 Paragraph 4 of the PP on land registration, Articles 76 and 108 of the Regulation of the Minister of Land Registration, Article 34 of PMK Implementation of auctions. Meanwhile, the conflict that occurred was Article 83 of the PMK for the Implementation of the Auction, which required the auction winner to pay BPHTB, while Article 2 of the BPHTB Law states that land that has not been certified does not include land rights. The solution provided by the author is: the head of the land office and the head of the KPKNL provide concessions for BPHTB payments and change the laws and regulations related to allowing uncertified land to be auctioned.

Land Declaration Letter As Proof Of Ownership Of Land Rights (Case Study In Palangka Raya City)

Land declaration (SPT) is the basic proof of ownership of a plot of land controlled by a person or legal entity. This right is generally used as a condition in the application process for the issuance of certificates of property rights by the National Land Agency. There are still many people who think that the Declaration of land owned is proof of ownership of land rights. It appears in many land cases in the judicial process. There are usually disputes between certificates and certificates, certificates and land certificates, or double certificates. However, the case that I take in this journal is taken from the decision of Case Number 160/Pdt.G / 2020 / PN Plk, which the judge declared valid and had legal force to bind the land declaration letter in the name of Mr. Basuki. Number: 140.594/300/KL-MTG/PEM Declaration of Land won from the Certificate of Title.. This study uses normative research methods that are accompanied by primary legal materials and secondary legal materials. To answer legal issues by describing, reviewing, reviewing, and explaining precisely and analyzing the applicable laws and regulations as well as from various legal expert opinions, in order to get answers to the problems raised.

Aspects of Legal Certainty of Land Declaration Letters as Guidelines for Land Registration with Negative Stelse

Indonesia adheres to a negative publication system in land registration activities, where the state does not guarantee the correctness of the data presented in the certificate. This briefly illustrates the condition that legal certainty is not guaranteed in land registration activities. Many people still think that the land statement they own is proof of ownership of land rights. The results of the analysis show that basically the negative publication system adopted by Indonesia is not a publication system that does not guarantee legal certainty. This is because the negative publication system does not apply forever. The negative publication system in Indonesia still adheres to positive elements, where the government will guarantee the correctness of the data presented after 5 years of the land being registered. These restrictions actually aim to provide legal protection for land owners, so that it is possible to file lawsuits by parties who feel entitled. This can be seen in land cases in the judicial process, such as the case of decision Number 160/Pdt.G/2020/PN Plk, where the Judge stated that the Land Declaration Letter was valid and had binding legal force in the name of Mr. Baturung. Land Statement Letter Number: 140,594/300 /KL-MTG/PEM. This research uses normative research methods accompanied by primary legal materials and secondary legal materials. To answer legal issues by describing, examining, studying and explaining accurately and analyzing applicable laws and regulations as well as various legal expert opinions, with the aim of getting answers to the problems raised. The Land Declaration Letter is a letter issued by the sub-district.

Watermarking Techniques with Yuv Layered Approach

Watermarking is a technique used to embed hidden data or identification information within digital multimedia. With the rise of the internet, the creation and distribution of digital data (images, video, and audio files) have significantly increased, leading to issues concerning content protection and ownership proof. Digital image watermarking addresses these issues by embedding a watermark into the data to assert ownership and protect rights. To safeguard the watermark from counterfeiters, it must be embedded in locations resilient to various attacks (rotation, scaling, compression, cropping, filtering, and blurring). Effective watermarking hides a message signal within a host signal without perceptual distortion. This paper adopts a hybrid transformation approach to modify the cover image's singular values rather than the DWT sub-bands, making the watermark resistant to attacks while maintaining the image's original state. Simulation results support the effectiveness of the proposed methods.

Challenges Arising from Article 22(2) of Ministerial Regulation ATR/BPN No. 6/2018 on Complete Systematic Land Registration (PTSL) Pertaining to Insufficient or Missing Evidence of Community Land Ownership

The Complete Systematic Land Registration (PTSL) program's successful implementation hinges on satisfying the physical and juridical data requirements for individual land plots owned by a single person. However, our research highlights disparities between juridical and physical data for specific land plots. Moreover, a lack of community awareness regarding the crucial role of land data collection presents significant challenges in the field. A notable obstacle, as outlined in Article 22(2) of the Regulation of the Minister of Agrarian and Spatial Planning/Head of the National Land Agency of the Republic of Indonesia No. 6 of 2018, pertains to individuals applying for land registration through the PTSL Program without fulfilling complete requirements or providing proof of land ownership. This non-compliance poses a potential catalyst for disputes during the PTSL land registration process. As of early 2017, Indonesia harbored 126,000,000 land parcels, with only 51,000,000 certified and 79,000,000 awaiting official registration, earmarked for acceleration through PTSL. Our focus on Malang Regency in East Java, spanning an expansive 3,534.86 km² or 353,486 ha, reveals its active participation in the PTSL program. Notably, the region faces a substantial PTSL quota of 55,000 land parcels in 2023, distributed across 19 villages in 5 sub-districts, marking the highest quota in East Java Province. The research also underscores the pressing need for enhanced community awareness and compliance with PTSL requirements, particularly focusing on the potential disputes arising from inadequate documentation during the land registration process.

The Importance of Brand Registration to Reduce Unfair Competition in the World of Trade

Objective: The purpose of this study is to find out the legal solution to the importance of trademark registration to reduce the occurrence of unfair competition in the world of trade and provide sanctions for parties who imitate and copy marks. Method: The Research methods carried out in a systematic way in carrying out analysis and data collection activities in striving for certain goals to be achieved are definitions for research, For the realization of this research, the method applied is the analytical descriptive method. The purpose of this method is intended to be able to deliver a bright picture as a whole, carry out an assessment of positive legal norms and dig deeper into legal facts. The type of research that is then also applied in this research is normative juridical. Results: With a multitude of product brands in the market, it often confuses consumers when making choices. Sometimes, consumers choose products based on their budget, leading to the circulation of many counterfeit brands with significantly lower prices but identical names and appearances to genuine products. This is what is referred to as a violation of trademark rights. Therefore, for a trademark to be valid, it needs to be registered. Registration is carried out to provide valid proof of ownership of the trademark, to challenge counterfeit brands in circulation, and to reject trademarks with identical appearances registered by others. Thus, trademark registration is conducted to obtain protection and legal certainty for a brand.

A research on digital signature schemes

Currently, a lot of studies have been done on the core of Bitcoin, the blockchain. It offers a wide range of distribution mechanisms and infrastructure that keeps the data constant, unchanging, and time consistent. The blockchain is an ideal tool for assertion class applications to offer digital proof of ownership and time stamps as a result of the creation of digital summaries of physical or digital assets. So it is possible to apply the block chain to a wide range of fields, for example, online paying, trading and so on. As the block chain develops, the safety issues directly affect the effectiveness and integrity of the trade. In essence, these questions are about the safety of information. To ensure the security of the data, this paper studies and uses the security of the digital signature. The classification and characteristics of each kind of digital signature are introduced in this article, as well as some other scholars' achievements in this field are analyzed.

Legal Implications of The Use of Permit to Open State Land as Collateral for Debt

Indonesia is a country abundant in natural resources and human resources, aiming to provide prosperity for its people. The need for credit and the provision of credit facilities require collateral. The government has established a credit guarantee institution capable of providing legal certainty and legal protection. One of these institutions is the Mortgage Rights institution regulated by Law Number 4 of 1996 concerning Mortgage Rights on Land and Related Objects (UUHT). In the city of Balikpapan, East Kalimantan, there is a legal product in the field of land management based on regional autonomy, adhering to the principle of decentralization that grants authority through the enactment of Regional Regulation Number 1 of 2014 concerning State Land Opening Permits, known as "Izin Membuka Tanah Negara" (IMTN). IMTN is a permit granted by the Mayor or designated official to individuals or legal entities to open and/or utilize state-owned land directly controlled by the government. In this Regional Regulation, it is explicitly stated that IMTN cannot be used as collateral for debt transactions. However, in Balikpapan, there are still cooperatives or financing institutions that accept IMTN as collateral, binding it with a credit guarantee that is subsequently accompanied by an additional agreement known as "Surat Kuasa Membebankan Hak Tanggungan" (SKMHT). The existence of collateral with IMTN as the object is not permitted, as IMTN serves as administrative evidence for the initial proof of land rights ownership in Balikpapan. IMTN can later be processed to become land rights (Ownership Rights, Building Utilization Rights, Right to Use), which has led Notaries and Banks to accept IMTN as collateral.

Exploring the physical–digital interface in blockchain applications: Insights from the luxury watch industry

Counterfeit products are an increasing issue across the luxury sector. Blockchain applications exhibit the potential to mitigate counterfeit risks and facilitate the growing secondary markets by enabling product authentication and digital proof of ownership. In this study, we adopt a qualitative multiple-case study design and conduct interviews with informants from four blockchain projects in the Swiss luxury watch industry. We identify the industry-specific drivers and barriers to blockchain adoption and specifically explore the challenges at the physical–digital interface. Beyond an in-depth description of the problems, our findings suggest two main data management hurdles related to the validity of input data and data synchronicity. The main challenge, however, is to establish an unequivocal link between the physical watch to its digital record on the blockchain. We present several invasive and non-invasive linking approaches and discuss their potential advantages and disadvantages. Further, we outline different areas for future research. Overall, our study addresses a timely issue of blockchain applications, contributing to the operations and supply chain management literature and supporting blockchain use case design in practice.

Kepemilikan Tanah Eks Eigendom Verponding 1065 Yang Ada Di Negeri Tawiri

Introduction: Land is a very important thing in Customary Law (can be referred to as Customary Land Law). The relationship between humans and land is closely related, namely land as a place for humans to live and continue their lives. Customary land is the property of customary law communities that have been controlled for a long time. Customary land law, known as land rights in Indonesia, such as ulayat lands, private lands, business lands, Gogolan lands, bengkok lands, agrarisch eigendom lands, and others.
 Purposes of the Research: This writing aims to find out the relationship between humans and the soil is very related to the land as a place for humans to live and continue their lives. While eigendom is a right of ownership to a land asset that existed during the Dutch colonial era that is subject to the provisions of Western land law in force for eigendom rights, then with the promulgation of the UUPA, the unification of Indonesian land law with the former Western rights that have not been converted to land rights as stipulated in the UUPA.
 Methods of the Research: legal writing that is juridical normative approach
 Results / Findings / Novelty of the Research: that the arrangement of compensation for the right of ownership of the Land of the former Eigendom Verponding 1065 that has not been converted is still possible to obtain proof of ownership, but not through conversion again but through granting new rights to the Office of the National Land Agency (BPN) with a certificate of ownership issued by the village head of the local area. Procedures and stages of land registration carried out by BPN Ambon on former Land objects eigendom 1065 the process of land rights derived from western rights including eigendom verponding to obtain legal certainty, by implementing the provisions of PP No.24 of 1997 consistently, well and truly will be about the right to land eigendom verponding, which ensures legal protection for holders of rights to the land of the former eigendom verponding. then the bookkeeping is simply done by giving a stamp/stamp on the evidence by writing the type of rights and rights number converted, which is regulated in PP Regulation No.24 of 1997 on land registration

Risk and Return of NFT, Metaverse, Cryptocurrency, and NFT’s Relation with IP

This research discusses the Risk and Return of NFT, IP, Metaverse, and cryptocurrency. To investigate the factors affecting the risk and return of Cryptocurrency, Metaverse & NFT, and the connection between them. Being aware of the risk and return factors will help investors make the right decision and avoid these risk factors. The research studies the link between NFT and other digital assets. As well as, the relation between NFT and IP. Furthermore, explores the probability of NFT taking place in the Middle East. Qualitative Method was used to collect the primary data in the completion of this study. Data were collected using a survey strategy by interviewing investors, creators, and blockchain technology specialists through semi-structured interviews. The research time horizon across-sectional study. As well as secondary sources to help explain the concepts and support the primary data. After having analyzed the information, that has been gathered regarding the topic of discussion, it has come to the result that the NFT is digital proof of ownership, that is used in digital or real assets if legally approved. Besides, risk and return factors affecting NFT, Metaverse, and cryptocurrency are very close with small differences in cryptocurrencies as it is a wide market. Furthermore, there is a huge potential for taking place in the Middle East. Which creates new investment opportunities.

Konstruksi Reforma Pajak Bagi Pemilik Tanah Dati Di Kota Ambon Dalam Perspektif Keadilan

Introduction: The land owner does not have real and legal evidence that has legal force, so Village Officials assume that the land still belongs to the village and can be given or sold by the Village.Purposes of Devotion: This service can produce a legal product in the form of a state regulation and even state regulations regarding the construction of tax reform for dati landowners in the perspective of justice, so that dati landowners can know the tax collection model that can be used as proof of tax payment so that there is proof of ownership that is legally and has legal protection for dati landowners. Method of Devotion: The implementation of this service uses the extension method, through discussion in which the presenter explains material related to the service and is followed by questions and answers between the presenter and the participants.Results of the Devotion: The owner of the Dati lands in Soya Village is state land granted by the Official, so it is necessary to prove ownership of the land under Indonesian law so that it does not become a dispute in the future, the speaker provides information regarding the payment of Land and Building Tax to protect the rights of the villagers including the ulayat rights of indigenous peoples, especially the owners of dati lands. In fact, the land owner in Soya Village has never paid his land tax (traditional land tax) to the tax office related to land tax or regional tax due to the lack of information and understanding regarding the Tax Payment Model which can be used or as proof of ownership and can be used as legal protection in the event of a dispute in the future. As for the gap, namely whether the form of tax reform construction can cover the process of paying taxes on customary lands in Ambon City. in accordance with state regulations in order to create justice.