Pronunciation Of Phonemes Research Articles

GANGGUAN PELAFALAN FONEM BAHASA JAWA (STUDI KASUS ANAK USIA 5 TAHUN)

The accuracy in pronouncing phonemes is an important thing to pay attention to because it is directly related to the meaning of the utterance. This study aims to describe the form of phoneme pronunciation disorders in Javanese experienced by children with speech delays. The data source of this research is the speech or utterance of Radit Budi Prasetyo (RBP) in speech activities. The data of this research are words and phrases in Javanese which are assumed to experience phoneme pronunciation errors in the utterances produced by RBP. This research is qualitative research with a descriptive method. The approach used is a neurolinguistic approach. The results of this study indicate that there are pronunciation problems that arise in the RBP language process. This disturbance is manifested by the error of pronouncing phonemes in Javanese. The spelling error is manifested by adding, removing, and replacing phonemes. These three things almost happened in every phoneme position, both in front, center, and behind the morpheme. Phoneme replacement is the most dominant aspect. Meanwhile, removing and adding phonemes only occurs in a few phonemes. Keywords: phonem, speech delay, neurolinguistics

Arabic Language Phoneme Pronunciation Difficulties Among Upper Basic Hausa-Speaking Students in Kano State, Nigeria

In the process of learning a foreign language, there are some indispensable learning problems, especially in the pronunciation aspect. Therefore, this study investigated Arabic Language phoneme pronunciation difficulties among Upper Basic Hausa-speaking Arabic Language students in Kano State, Nigeria. The total population for the study was all Upper Basic Hausa-speaking students of Arabic in Kano State, Nigeria. Two hundred (200) Hausa-speaking Arabic students were sampled from the 3 senatorial districts in the state involving 9 Local Government Areas using multistage sampling procedure. A Pronunciation Test adapted from Adebayo (2010) with a reliability coefficient of 0.75 was used for data collection. Only 180 Pronunciation test that were properly filled and returned were subjected to both descriptive and inferential statistical analysis. The percentage was used to answer the research questions while Chi-square was employed to test the hypotheses postulated at the 0.05 level of significance. The findings of this study revealed that a number of Arabic consonants constitute pronunciation difficulty for the students due to the presence of their corresponding consonant sounds in Hausa language, while all Arabic vowels did not constitute much pronunciation difficulty for students. The findings also revealed that there was no significant difference in the Arabic consonant and vowel sounds that constitute pronunciation difficulties for male and female Upper Basic Hausa-speaking students of Arabic from both public and private schools in Kano State. In the light of these findings, it was recommended among others that, teachers of Arabic language should pay more attention to the various Arabic consonant and vowel phonemes as well as the Arabic syllable patterns that constitute pronunciation difficulties for the Hausa-speaking students of Arabic. The attention of Hausa-speaking students of Arabic should also be drawn to the semantic implications of phonemic replacement, reduction or prolongation.

Impacts of multicollinearity on CAPT modalities: An heterogeneous machine learning framework for computer-assisted French phoneme pronunciation training.

Phoneme pronunciations are usually considered as basic skills for learning a foreign language. Practicing the pronunciations in a computer-assisted way is helpful in a self-directed or long-distance learning environment. Recent researches indicate that machine learning is a promising method to build high-performance computer-assisted pronunciation training modalities. Many data-driven classifying models, such as support vector machines, back-propagation networks, deep neural networks and convolutional neural networks, are increasingly widely used for it. Yet, the acoustic waveforms of phoneme are essentially modulated from the base vibrations of vocal cords, and this fact somehow makes the predictors collinear, distorting the classifying models. A commonly-used solution to address this issue is to suppressing the collinearity of predictors via partial least square regressing algorithm. It allows to obtain high-quality predictor weighting results via predictor relationship analysis. However, as a linear regressor, the classifiers of this type possess very simple topology structures, constraining the universality of the regressors. For this issue, this paper presents an heterogeneous phoneme recognition framework which can further benefit the phoneme pronunciation diagnostic tasks by combining the partial least square with support vector machines. A French phoneme data set containing 4830 samples is established for the evaluation experiments. The experiments of this paper demonstrates that the new method improves the accuracy performance of the phoneme classifiers by 0.21 − 8.47% comparing to state-of-the-arts with different data training data density.

The Speech Production in People with Autism (Case Study on a Girl Named Aliya Salsabila Ramadhani)

The study was conducted with the aim of finding out how speech production in people with autism with the object of research on a girl named Aliya Salsabila Ramadhani who is 9 years old. This research tried to explain the development of language and the production of Aliya speech. This study uses descriptive qualitative methods with psycholinguistic approaches that seek to describe the development of aliya language and speech production with narrative and brief exposure with primary data retrieval techniques through observation of video documentation of activities carried out and through questionnaires and interviews. In addition, this study also uses secondary data in the form of relevant references as study material so that holistic and thorough discussion results are obtained. From the characteristics that seem to be known that Aliya is classified as experiencing mild austism. It is also obtained through the analysis of language development and how Aliya interacts with the environment and the surrounding people. The development of language and speech production Aliya experienced significant progress after she received growth and speech therapy and attended the school of children with special needs although the resulting speech is still not perfect and there are certain phoneme pronunciations that are not right.

Speech and the swallowing threshold in single implant overdenture wearers: A paired control study.

Single implant mandibular overdentures (SIMOs) can improve mastication in edentulous elderly people. However, little attention has been paid to their effects on articulation disorders and the swallowing threshold relative to those of conventional complete dentures (CDs). To compare the effects of new conventional CD set and SIMOs on articulation disorders, mandibular movements during speech and swallowing threshold using a paired study design. Twenty-two edentulous Brazilian Portuguese-speaking elderly people (mean age 66.7±4.6years) were first evaluated whilst wearing their old conventional CDs. Articulation disorders were analysed by audio and video recordings, mandibular movements during speech were measured by kinesiography, and the swallowing threshold was assessed by masticatory cycle counting and medium particle size (X50 ) calculation. Participants then received new conventional CDs, and evaluations were repeated 2months later. Subsequently, single implants were installed in the midlines of subjects' mandibles, and the conventional CDs were converted to SIMOs. After 2months of SIMOs use, the evaluations were repeated. Data were submitted to the Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel and ANOVA. No difference in articulation disorders was found between new conventional CD and SIMO use. The frequency of anterior lisp during /s/ and /z/ phoneme pronunciation was reduced with new conventional CD use relative to old conventional CD use (p<.05). The X50 decreased progressively with new conventional CD and SIMO use (both p<.05). SIMOs do not alter speech relative to new well-fitted conventional CDs, but improved the swallowing threshold, in edentulous elderly people.

Abdominal enhancement techniques for L2 English phoneme pronunciation: Comparing the effectiveness of the techniques for Mandarin and Cantonese speakers

Production of certain English phonemes relies heavily on effort from the abdominal region, and under-utilization of this region by second language English speakers can create difficulties pronouncing these sounds. In particular, production of long vowel/diphthong sounds requires sustained abdominal contraction to maintain the length of these phonemes, and production of voiced fricative consonants requires a sharp burst of abdominal effort to expel air from the lungs to adequately voice the consonant. Both Cantonese and Mandarin speakers have particular problems producing these phonemes, and this study compared how instruction in the abdominal techniques effected production of these sounds by these two learner groups. The study focused on the vowel and diphthong sounds, /iː/, /uː/ and /eɪ/, and the voiced fricative consonants, /z/,/ð/, /v/ and /ʒ/. A previous study by the author had found the abdominal techniques improved Chinese learners’ production of these phonemes. The learners in that study were evenly divided between Mandarin and Cantonese speakers, and this study reanalysed the data to examine which speaker group benefited more from these abdominal techniques. Results showed that the Mandarin speakers were the major beneficiaries of the techniques. Importantly, the study also explored, in depth, likely reasons for this.

SUNDANESE LANGUAGE ACQUISITION IN CHILDREN WITH INDONESIAN MOTHER LANGUAGE

Since childhood, humans acquire language acquisition. Language acquisition by a child is obtained from the immediate environment, namely the family environment and social environment. The language that a child acquires through acquisition is called the mother tongue. However, the mother tongue that a child gets is sometimes not in a single way, but it goes along with other languages because of differences in language in the family environment and language in the social environment, making a child a bilingual speaker. Based on this description, this study aims to examine the acquisition of Sundanese (L2) in a child who speaks an Indonesian mother tongue (L1). The method used is qualitative. Data collection was carried out by listening to the conversation between the MKI (research object) with the family and with other parties in their social environment. Other data collection conducted by interviewing the MKI. The collected data were analyzed using psycholinguistic, syntactic, and phonological theories and then described using a descriptive approach. The results showed that MKI has a performance in Sundanese both receptive performance and productive performance. Productive performance in the form of lexicon, phoneme pronunciation, and sentences. Keywords: language acquisition, bilingual, receptive performance, productive performance

Phonetic interference of vowel phonemes in Uzbek-Russian and Uzbek-German bilinguialism

The article examines the issues of phonetic interference in Uzbek-Russian and Uzbek-German bilingualism, as well as identifying the features of phonetic interference in the speech of Uzbek speaking students in the process of acquiring Russian and German. The purpose of this work is to identify the features of bilingualism, phonetic interference of the vowel sounds of Uzbek, Russian and German languages. It is established that the Uzbek language has a greater impact on the German language system in the learning process than the Russian language. The Uzbek language, as a system mastered in a natural environment, affects the process of mastering all subsequent language systems. The phonetic interference of the Russian and German languages is most clearly expressed in the pronunciation of phonemes and intonation, and this is primarily due to the methods of mastering these languages. Materials and methods. The material for this study was linguistic scientific articles, abstracts and monographs. T he study of Russian and German languages usually occurs at a conscious age, so the simple imitation that begins the development of the native language is replaced by the identification of language systems. In the course of studying the problem ofphonetic interference, a descriptive method of vowel phonemes in the Uzbek, Russian and German languages was used, which makes it possible to understand and generalize the corresponding theoretical material. Results. The results of the study are as follows: to explore the manifestations of phonetic interference in Uzbek-German and Uzbek-Russian bilingualism, which are most displayed in phonetics, grammar and vocabulary. At the same time, the first foreign language begins to have a great influence on the second. The degree of interference of languages largely depends on the contact of languages and the level of linguistic competence of individuals. Improving the language competence of a bilingual is an effective way to prevent interference. To reduce the degree of influence of languages on each other, the ability of individuals to switch language codes should also be developed. Universal errors arising at the point of the largest approximation of languages are adjusted by the targeted fixing of the foreign language material. Conclusion. The manifestations of sound (phonetic and phonological), spelling, grammatical (morphological, syntactic and punctuation), lexical-semantic, stylistic and, finally, intra-linguistic interference must be distinguished from the phenomena of language switching, in which a language change occurs. Interference is a characteristic process of a bilingual situation. Features of these stages can be influenced by both internal and external factors. It is necessary to observe the influence of extra-linguistic situations on bilingual speech.

Design of an Automatic English Pronunciation Error Correction System Based on Radio Magnetic Pronunciation Recording Devices

In this paper, a system for automatic detection and correction of mispronunciation of native Chinese learners of English by speech recognition technology is designed with the help of radiomagnetic pronunciation recording devices and computer‐aided software. This paper extends the standard pronunciation dictionary by predicting the phoneme confusion rules in the language learner’s pronunciation that may lead to mispronunciation and generates an extended pronunciation dictionary containing the standard pronunciation of each word and the possible mispronunciation variations, and automatic speech recognition uses the extended pronunciation dictionary to detect and diagnose the learner’s mispronunciation of phonemes and provides real‐time feedback. It is generated by systematic crosslinguistic phonological comparative analysis of the differences in phoneme pronunciation with each other, and a data‐driven approach is used to do automatic phoneme recognition of learner speech and analyze the mapping relationship between the resulting mispronunciation and the corresponding standard pronunciation to automatically generate additional phoneme confusion rules. In this paper, we investigate various aspects of several issues related to the automatic correction of English pronunciation errors based on radiomagnetic pronunciation recording devices; design the general block diagram of the system, etc.; and discuss some key techniques and issues, including endpoint detection, feature extraction, and the system’s study of pronunciation standard algorithms, analyzing their respective characteristics. Finally, we design and implement a model of an automatic English pronunciation error correction system based on a radiomagnetic pronunciation recording device. Based on the characteristics of English pronunciation, the correction algorithm implemented in this system uses the similarity and pronunciation duration ratings based on the log posterior probability, which combines the scores of both, and standardizes this system scoring through linear mapping. This system can achieve the purpose of automatic recognition of English mispronunciation correction and, at the same time, improve the user’s spoken English pronunciation to a certain extent.

Уcне мовлення української та русинської діаспори: консонантна орфоепія

The article contains the synchronous analysis of the spoken language and in particular the pronunciation of the Ukrainian youth in America, Canada, Europe, the Transnistrian Moldavian Republic (most of whom are Rusins). The sociological survey has demonstrated the percentage of those who own the consontant orthoepy standard in a wide local and social representation abroad, determined the most common pronunciation problems and orthoepic deviations in the system of consonantism, identified their reasons, and proved the historical organicity of modern orthoepic norm. The research of the spoken language of the Ukrainian diaspora focuses on the sociophonetic aspects at the level of its sound presentations. The author aims at determining the level of mastery of the consonant orthoepy of the Ukrainian literary language by young people, representing different local and social spheres: orthoepy of voiced consonants at the end of the word and in front of the voiceless consonants; voiceless consonants before voiced ones; prefixes роз-, без-, об-, prefixes-prepositions з-, від-, між- before voiceless consonants, except for hushing sounds; [в] as [ў]; [д̑з], [д̑ж]. According to the generalized results of the survey, the pronunciation of voiced sounds at the end of the word, the voiceless sounds before the voiced ones, [г], prefixes роз-, без-, об-, з-, affricates [д̑з], [д̑ж] are defined as strong based on the percentage abroad. The norms of the pronunciation of the prefixes об-, між- are considered weak in the speech of the respondents; the greatest difficulties arise when pronouncing the sonorous з- in the word зцідити – 35 % possession of the norm (Transnistrian Moldavian Republic – 15 %, Europe – 43 %, America –30 %, Canada – 50 %). However, the pronunciation norms of the prefixes роз-, без-, з-, affricates [д̑з], [д̑ж] in foreign countries are strong, while the pronunciation norms of the prefixes об-, від-, між- are unstable. The norms of the pronunciation of phonemes in the middle of the word, [в] as [у᷃] are also weak. Typical deviations are related to the influence of Russian orthoepy or spelling. Differences in the percentage of the norm possession depend on the usage of the word and the complexity of sound changes, since in the process of assimilation, the sound changes not only its acoustic but also articulatory characteristics – the place or method of formation. Thus, nowadays, the mistakes in the pronunciation of voiced consonants are due to lack of theoretical knowledge, influence of dialectal speech and the Russian language, since these orthoepic norms were fixed in writing and theoretically substantiated in the grammars of the early 20th century, as it can be seen in manuscripts. The pronunciation rules that are consistently reflected in the manuscripts are strong and followed by the informants.

Examining the impact of abdominal enhancement techniques to assist Chinese-speaking English learners’ phoneme pronunciation

Instruction in second language (L2) English phoneme pronunciation almost invariably includes a focus on improving the learners’ use of their articulatory organs to pronounce the relevant sounds. However, the pronunciation of many English sounds also relies on effort from the abdominal region, and under-utilization of this region can often contribute to pronunciation difficulties. For Chinese-speaking learners of English, such relevant sounds include the long vowel and diphthong sounds, particularly the phonemes /iː/, /uː/ and /eɪ/, and also the voiced fricative consonants, /z/, /ð/, /v/ and /ʒ/. Consequently, this study examined the impact of teaching adult Chinese-speaking English learners to enhance the use of their abdomen when pronouncing these sounds. The main focus of the research was a quasi-experimental component, where both an experimental and control group were taught the same way in all aspects, with the only point of difference being that the experimental group was taught the abdominal techniques. Longitudinal multiple-case studies of learners from the experimental group were also employed to examine for any post-course maintenance of the phonemes as well as possible reasons for this. Results from the quasi-experimental component showed that it was advantageous to teach learners the abdominal techniques. Also, there were some discernible trends in the learners’ post-course maintenance of the sounds. This article then discusses pedagogical implications of the study, and provides suggestions for future research of the abdominal techniques.

PERUBAHAN ARTIKULASI FONEM BAHASA ARAB BAGI PENUTUR BAHASA ASING

The impact of the articulation of the second language phonemes will lead to mistaken meanings. Pronounced mistakes made by second language speakers will confuse the speaker, especially the native speaker. Mistakes of meaning and misinterpretation result in communication not working properly. Research Objectives 1.) to indicate Arabic phonemes that often occur in articulation changes for Arabic IAIN Bengkulu students. 2.) to find out the factors that influence changes in the articulation of Arabic phonemes for students of IAIN Bengkulu Arabic Language Study Program. The research approach used in this study is a qualitative approach with the type of phenomenological research this study aims to reveal the phenomenon of changes in the articulation of Arabic phonemes for students of the Arabic IAIN Bengkulu Study Program and the factors that influence it. This research is a qualitative descriptive study. Based on the data, it is known that the error rate of Arabic phoneme articulation in the fourth semester students of PBA Study Program is known that there are several forms of Arabic phoneme pronunciation errors that are often found, namely: هـ, ف, ذ, ث The factors that cause the articulation errors of Arabic phoneme IV semester students of Study Program PBA Because of the intersection between Arabic and Indonesian (Interference), which is a mistake caused by the carrying out of the habits of spoken language or dialect of the mother into the second language or dialect. Lack of Motivation to master Arabic articulation in accordance with the rules. Lack of mastery in the pronunciation of the Arabic phoneme There are several factors for speech disordersKeywords: articulation, phonemes, foreign speakers

The Automatic Detection of Speech Disorders in Children: Challenges, Opportunities, and Preliminary Results

Given the limited accessibility to Speech and Language Pathologists (SLPs) children in need often have, pediatric Computer-Aided Speech Therapy (CAST) tools can play an important role in the early diagnosis and treatment of speech disorders. However, various challenges impede the implementation of accurate automated analysis of speech disorders in children. In this article, we first discuss three key challenges in processing child disordered speech: 1) the unreliability of low-level annotation and scarcity of speech corpora, 2) speaker diarization of therapy sessions and 3) inaccurate children's acoustic models. We next explore opportunities to overcome some of these challenges. First, we investigate the effectiveness of high-level paralinguistic features in disordered speech detection to reduce the dependency on annotated data. A binary classifier trained using paralinguistic features extracted from both typically developing children and those suffering from Speech Sound Disorders (SSD) achieved 87% subject-level classification accuracy. Second, we tackle the speech disorder detection problem as an anomaly detection problem where models are trained merely on typically developing speech, reducing the need for disordered training data. A phoneme-level F 1 score of 0.77 was obtained from an anomaly detection-based system trained on speech attribute features to classify between typical and atypical phoneme pronunciations of children with speech disorder. Finally, we test the efficiency of an x-vector based speaker diarization technique in pediatric therapy sessions. The method successfully distinguished between therapist and child speech with a Diarization Error Rate (DER) of 10%.

Artificial Techniques for Language Disorders

&lt;p class="0abstract"&gt;This review focuses on artificial techniques which include the artificial intelligent techniques and applications, the robot technology and the serious games supporting the procedure of learning and teaching of language disorders and deficits as well the evolution of speech. Especially, the written language, the oral language and the phoneme pronunciations, the communication and consequently the social interaction are benefited and are assisted by these achievements of technology.&lt;/p&gt;

Influence of Italian orthography on pronunciation of phonemes in Regional Italian

Influence of Italian orthography on pronunciation of phonemes in Regional Italian

ERRORS IN PRONOUNCING ENGLISH PHONEMES: A PRAAT ANALYSIS

This article is concerned with a study of pronunciation errors made by students of English Literature Department, Faculty of Cultural Sciences, University of Sumatera Utara. The scope is limited to the study of error analysis in the pronunciation of English phonemes. The participants of this study were two students of the department with Acehnese background. In this study, the electronic software called Praat was used as an instrument in the analysis of speech sounds of the participants. The purpose of this study was to find out the dominant errors of the pronunciation of English phonemes made by the participants. The data were derived from the pronunciations of English phonemes which were recorded and transcribed in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) as in Katamba (1996: 13). The standard value of the pronunciation of English phonemes was adopted from Cambridge Advanced Learner’s Dictionary. The quality of the pronunciations of the participants was described in graphs and the results were shown in percentage as given in tables and charts.

Is there adaptation of speech production after speech perception in bilingual interaction?

In dialogue, speakers tend to adapt their speech to the speech of their interlocutor. Adapting speech production to preceding speech input may be particularly relevant for second language (L2) speakers interacting with native (L1) speakers, as adaptation may facilitate L2 learning. Here we asked whether Dutch-English bilinguals adapt pronunciation of the English phonemes /æ/ and coda /b/ when reading aloud sentences after exposure to native English speech. Additionally, we tested whether social context (presence or absence of a native English confederate) and time lag between perception and production of the phoneme affected adaptation. Participants produced more English-like target words that ended in word-final /b/ after exposure to target phonemes produced by a native speaker, but the participants did not change their production of the phoneme /æ/ after exposure to native /æ/. The native English speaking confederate did not show consistent changes in speech production after exposure to target phonemes produced by L2 speakers. These findings are in line with Gambi and Pickering's simulation theory of phonetic imitation (Gambi & Pickering, 2013). (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

Effective computer‐assisted pronunciation training based on phone‐sensitive word recommendation

SummaryOwing to their autonomous nature, computer‐aided pronunciation training systems are regarded as a useful tool for pronunciation training for beginner‐level students, particularly those who feel uncomfortable having their pronunciation corrected in front of other students or who have difficulty with face‐to‐face training for other reasons. In this study, we propose a computer‐assisted pronunciation training system targeting unacceptable pronunciation due to confusion among contextual allophones, a problem that often emerges from phoneme‐based feedback provided during pronunciation training. To consider the different pronunciation of phonemes according to position, the proposed system is implemented to recommend a set of words focusing on phoneme pairs. Experimental results show that the proposed system results in the improvement of pronunciation skills through training sessions that use recommended words containing phoneme pairs that were initially pronounced incorrectly.

A Computer-Assisted Pronunciation Training System for Correcting Pronunciation of Adjacent Phonemes

A Computer-Assisted Pronunciation Training System for Correcting Pronunciation of Adjacent Phonemes

PHONOLOGICAL OBJECTIVES OF THREE YEAR OLD CHILDREN

This research aimed to describe language acquisition in the phonology. The method of the research was a qualitative descriptive by observation and technique of noting. The data source of the research was a record of voice of a three year four month year old child named Wesly when singing two songs of children movie shows of Tayo and Rainbow Ruby. The result of the research showed that the child has been able to speak the understandable language. On the other hand, there were still some difficulties in pronouncing the correct and good phoneme. They could be seen in the difficulty of 1) phoneme pronunciation on consonant-type plosive sound; 2) phoneme pronunciation on vowel sound. There were seven forms of plosive sound for the difficulty of phoneme pronunciation of the consonant plosive sound, such as: 1) bilabial, 2) lamino-palatal, 3) apico-alveolar, 4) , 5) dorso velar, 6) alveolar, and 7) lamino-patal. In addition, there was one form of sound for the difficulty of phoneme pronunciation of the vowel sound namely the diphthong phoneme. Keywords: Language, Language Acquisition, Phonology.