Promotion Of Scientific Research Research Articles

Long-term sustainability of a distributed RI: the EPOS case

The European Plate Observing System (EPOS) is a distributed research infrastructure (RI) with the mission to establish and maintain sustainable and long-term access to solid Earth science data and services by integrating the diverse national research infrastructures under a common federated framework governed by EPOS ERIC (European Research Infrastructure Consortium). This paper presents the EPOS approach to ensure financial viability and to tackle the challenge of long-term sustainability of the RI during its operational phase. The EPOS approach to sustainable operation considers the scientific impact and the promotion of scientific research as the preconditions to achieve long-term sustainability. Enabling scientific excellence implies that high-quality data and services are provided reliably and continuously to establish the RI as the enabler of investigations to solid Earth scientists. The strategic approach and the solutions adopted by EPOS ERIC to address the long-term sustainability of a pan-European distributed RI are discussed in this paper focusing on the governance structure, considered as the qualifying dimension that gathers and connects the financial, legal and technical dimensions. The governance and the financial models are discussed to delineate the legal framework necessary to operate the EPOS RI relying on the implemented technical solutions. A sufficiently stable investment environment is necessary to allow the RI to concentrate on providing high quality services for their user communities. This paper discusses the current actions and challenges to be addressed for achieving this goal.

The public policy of personnel training for the food industry

Today, in the context of the COVID-2019 pandemic and military operations, the main objectives of the policy of personnel training for the food industry include the creation and development of a system of vocational education and training, improvement of training standards and curricula, promotion of scientific research and innovation in the food industry, improvement of the accessibility and quality of training, and maintenance of compliance with the labor market. Training of highly qualified employees in this field is the key to the quality of work of these specialists in the food industry, which in turn will indicate the quality of service. The article aims to examine the institutional framework of public policy of personnel training for the food industry. Based on the analysis and systematization of scientific sources of the concept of public policy of personnel training for the food industry, the author offers the vision of such a policy, interpreting it as a set of measures taken by the state to satisfy the industry’s needs for highly qualified specialists with appropriate education and professional training. The main measures taken by the state to create a national system of qualifications outlining the requirements to the qualification of personnel in the food industry are characterized. The experience and main features of the world organizations involved in the training of personnel for the food industry are analyzed. The main tasks of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine in terms of ensuring the implementation of the state policy in education, in particular, in personnel training for the food industry, are substantiated. The regulatory framework on personnel training for the food industry in Ukraine is analyzed.

Reflections on the Synergistic Effect of ＂Teaching and Scientific Research＂ in Higher Education

Colleges and universities are the forefront of talent training, the improvement of teaching quality and the promotion of scientific research is an important way to realize the comprehensive development of students, but also an important index to measure the comprehensive development ability of a school. Emphasize the important position of scientific research in the teaching process, promote teaching by scientific research, and drive the development of scientific research by teaching. Through the synergistic effect of ＂teaching and scientific research＂, it will bring substantial changes to the classroom of colleges and universities, and realize the transformation from cultivating ＂specialized talents＂ needed by the society to ＂high‐quality talents of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era＂.

Моніторинг розвитку наукової комунікації в Україні

Annotation. Introduction. In today’s rapidly evolving Internet, new opportunities are emerging for scientific communication among scientists around the world. The dissemination of scientific ideas in society through the media is a daily norm abroad. In Ukraine, the attitude of the research community towards the promotion of scientific research still raises many questions: it is rather wary. For the even development of Ukrainian science, scientists need to cover the results of their work to a wide audience, communicate with press services and journalists and disseminate their ideas in society. With the emergence of new more effective ways and forms of scientific communication through Internet resources and relevant platforms, the creation of new information and scientific technologies, there is a need for state support of scientific activities, communication in Ukraine and ensuring the appropriate level of copyright protection of these scientists, developers etc. Purpose. The main purpose of the study is to monitor the state and trends of scientific communication in Ukraine in modern conditions and to develop recommendations for its further development. Results. The analysis of development of scientific communication in Ukraine is carried out. The definition of the concept of scientific communication is indicated. The process of scientific communication is schematically presented. The most common classification of scientific communication is given. The significance of the created National Research Fund of Ukraine for scientists and science in general is noted. The dynamics of the number of employees involved in the implementation of research and development, who have the degree of Doctor of Science and Doctor of Philosophy. The analysis of the employees number by level of education is involved in the implementation of research and development. Conclusions. We are convinced that the improvement of the support mechanism for Ukrainian science, scientists and scientists by the state will help to minimize the possible risks and dangers associated with copyright infringement and the decline of domestic science in general. Keywords: scientific communication; communicant; communicator; recipient.

«АҚ ЖОЛ» ГАЗЕТІНІҢ АЙДАРЛАРЫ ҺӘМ КӨТЕРГЕН МӘСЕЛЕЛЕРІ

This article reviews the headlines of the Ak Zhol newspaper, which has been published three times a week in Tashkent from the 7th December in 1920. The publication contains articles on various topics under regular headings. Emphasis is placed on the relevance of those articles. In all its issues, the newspaper quoted articles on the protection of the interests of our nation, keeping abreast of the latest news abroad, the constant fight against illiteracy in the country, the promotion of scientific research. The newspaper presented the good deeds done at that time to the people and set an example. The main task of the newspaper is to unite the Turkic-speaking peoples. Key words: newspaper, headline, publication, article, publishing house, news, messages.

Network Interaction of Universities in the Context of the Russian Arctic Development

The article considers network interaction of Russian universities to solve strategic problems of macroregions development. Network interaction is a common model of cooperation between universities abroad, and in recent years, in connection with the new challenges facing Russian education, it has become relevant for Russian universities. The article briefly presents the main forms of organization and methods of managing network interaction, its advantages over traditional types of joint activities of universities. Based on the four years of work in the framework of the Association “National Arctic Research and Education Consortium” (NAREC), the authors analyze the experience of cooperation between universities in the interests of the development of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. Four key areas of activity are considered: 1) expert and analytical support of personnel training and research; 2) Arctic-focused educational programs and projects; 3) support and promotion of scientific research on Arctic topics among students; 4) creation of joint information space. The article demonstrates the significant results of their implementation for each of these directions. These include monitoring the state of training of personnel with higher education and developing professional standards, developing educational products, including network programs and mass open online courses on Arctic topics, participating in international projects, conducting a national competition for student papers, as well as accumulating information related to training and research on Arctic topics. Based on the best practices of the Association “NAREC” and the difficulties encountered in the implementation of the network interaction model, the authors formulated practical recommendations for the development of interregional scientific and educational cooperation.

Guidelines in psychiatry: clinical and forensic issues

Treatment guidelines (GL) in psychiatry represent a useful and functional tool to be explored and enhanced in terms of the contribution of patient care and the promotion of scientific improvement. However, they show some limitations, both clinical and forensic. The objective of this paper is to examine the objectives, the clinical limitations and the applicability of the GL on professional liability (forensic aspects). From a clinical point of view, the GL have objectives that are functional to the promotion of physical and mental health, among which the constitutional observance of the right to health, the improvement of public health, the implementation of best clinical practices, the promotion of scientific research, the professional training of operators in the field of physical and mental health. However, GL cannot replace a contextualized clinical judgment. GL must be applied, in the single clinical case, in light of their multiple criticalities, including the limits of the methodology used for their formulation, the differences between the GL' recommendations, the difficulty of their application in daily clinical practice, the lack of specific treatment interventions. From a forensic psychiatric point of view, GL, as currently conceived, cannot be used in terms of professional liability without their interpretation on a legal basis with forensic psychiatric methodology, similarly to any other clinical and scientific information, with its qualifications and criticalities.

Isaac Newton and Natural Philosophy

Isaac Newton is generally regarded as one of the greatest scientists in history, yet the spectrum of his interests was much broader than that of a contemporary scientist. He was deeply involved in alchemical, religious and biblical studies, and in the later part of his life he played a prominent role in British politics, economics and the promotion of scientific research. Newton's pivotal work Philosophiae naturalis principia mathematica, which sets out his laws of universal gravitation and motion, is regarded as one of the most important works in the history of science. Niccolo Guicciardini's enlightening biography offers an accessible introduction to Newton's celebrated work in mathematics, optics and astronomy and to how Newton viewed these scientific fields in relation to his quest for the deepest secrets of the universe, matter theory and religion. Guicciardini sets Newton the natural philosopher in the troubled context of the religious and political debates that took place during Newton's life, which spanned from the years of the Civil War to the Restoration, the Glorious Revolution and the Hanoverian succession. Taking into account the latest Newtonian scholarship, this fast-paced biography will appeal to all those with an interest in this iconic figure and the great scientific revolution of the early modern period.

Activity of the Odessa library association in the 1920's.

Article Viktor Sokolov «Activities Odessa library association in the 1920-s» explores the features of the formation, structure, basic forms and methods of work of the Odessa library association against the background of major trends of library associations in 1920-s Ukraine s. The purpose of the proposed article is to study the historical background, socio-political, cultural factors and characteristics of the Odessa library association study of its organizational structure, content and nature of work during the period of its operation (1922–1930), and its significance the development of library construction and Odessa oblast libraries in Ukraine as a whole. In his scientific work is widely used by the general scientific and historical research methods: historical-comparative, chronological, biographical method, the diachronic analysis and others. The article describes the social and cultural conditions of the Odessa library association; marked the main stages of its development and operation features; reveals the importance of coordination of associations in the city and district libraries; analyzed the characteristic shape and features of this public professional organization in the training and retraining of library staff. An analysis of sources and research materials, the author defines and describes the main positive features of the Odessa library association and its main achievements. The author analyzes the changes in the organizational structure of the Odessa library associations main characteristic means and methods address the members of the association of certain professional tasks described features of the sections, the mechanism of setting and decision making. The main directions of the Odessa library association were: formation and development of professional skills of librarians; improving the efficiency of urban libraries through the organization and coordination of their activities; establishing a system of methodological assistance to libraries of various types and, in particular rural and mobile libraries; promotion of scientific research, cultural and educational activities libraries. It was found that the further development of the Odessa library association prevented a certain regimentation of its operations and control of the management of library and some opposition from the trade unions. Requirements governing bodies of political education plans to unify the forms and methods of association, centralization of libraries in the country as a whole, restrained creativity and professional activity of members of the professional organization. Further development of associations interfere also not clearly defined functional orientation of its activities that it caused duplication of some functions of trade unions and political education. At the end of 1920-s Party and Soviet government bureaucracy gradually established tight control over all aspects of political, social and working life of society, of course, work its way into the Odessa library associations and slowly made his first public institutions to give administrative and coordinating functions, and professional and methodical, while not stop its activities in the early 1930-s.

Informal diplomacy in Norway's Svalbard policy: the intersection of local community development and Arctic international relations

The Arctic archipelago of Svalbard is under a limited form of Norwegian sovereignty and its settlements – among the northernmost in the world – are sites of activity by a range of states, most notably Russia. Norway's Svalbard policy has historically focused on marginalizing Russian influence. Through the use of informal diplomacy involving the creation of an economically diverse town (Longyearbyen, population around 2,070) and the promotion of scientific research, Norway is consolidating its control over the archipelago. At the same time, however, it risks losing authority within Svalbard due to the strengthening of local democracy in Longyearbyen and the increasing opportunities in Svalbard for the involvement of non-traditional Arctic actors such as the Asian economic powers. This article considers the historical basis for the present situation in Svalbard as well as the complex results of Norway's attempt to achieve its foreign policy through informal diplomacy.

Gestión tecnológica y Ley Orgánica de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (LOCTI): un análisis desde la perspectiva del sector empresarial venezolano

Con la promulgación en 2005 de la Ley Orgánica de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (LOCTI) en la Republica Bolivariana de Venezuela, el Ejecutivo Nacional acometió el propósito de desarrollar principios orientadores en materia de ciencia, tecnología e innovación tales como: organizar el Sistema Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación, definir los lineamientos para orientar las políticas y estrategias de esta actividad y sus aplicaciones, implantar mecanismos institucionales y operativos de promoción, estímulos y fomento de la investigación científica, desarrollar la apropiación social del conocimiento y promover la capacidad uso y circulación del conocimiento a través de la transferencia e innovación tecnológica impulsando así el desarrollo nacional (LOCTI artículo 1). En los cinco años transcurridos (2005-2010), antes de la reforma que comienza a regir en enero 2011 como año base para determinar la existencia y cuantía del tributo, las empresas operativas en el país han estado cumpliendo con este mandato aplicando procesos de gestión tecnológica. Esta investigación se propone alcanzar como objetivo, describir cómo las empresas venezolanas han adelantado sus procesos de gestión tecnológica en el contexto de la normativa legal (LOCTI), vale decir, cómo las empresas seleccionadas han venido asumiendo la innovación y la tecnología en su gestión, cuáles limitaciones han debido enfrentar en este proceso y por último, por qué algunas empresas deciden invertir y otras aportar. El tipo de investigacion es descriptiva, y la selección de las empresas se realizó mediante un muestreo intencional, escogiendo solo aquellas empresas que de acuerdo a sus ingresos (100.000 unidades tributarias) son contribuyentes LOCTI. De veinte empresas seleccionadas confirmaron solamente trece, concluyendo que la mayoría de las empresas consultadas poseen conocimiento y comprensión de lo que significa gestión tecnológica, más allá de la compra de equipos; la mayoría establecen alineación de los procesos administrativos y operativos con la variable tecnológica, la inversión ha sido orientada hacia la mejora de sus procesos y el aprendizaje de su capital de trabajo manifiesto en el acompañamiento de los consultores universitarios; se está dispuesto a la inversión con la presentación de proyectos para fortalecer su desarrollo tecnológico; perciben que la LOCTI es un impuesto más con carácter impositivo, y mantienen expectativas relacionadas con el seguimiento, control yejecución de los proyectos, además no tienen claridad del marco regulatorio de aprobación de los proyectos. Finalmente los problemas más destacados son: a) faltade planificación estratégica/tecnológica que vincule a la gerencia media con indicadores estratégicos del negocio, b) exceso de actividades rutinarias impiden la innovación, preocupación de la gerencia media en asuntos de eficiencia, eficacia (corto plazo) más que la innovación y desarrollo tecnológico, c) dependencia tecnológica, por la sofisticación de las maquinarias.

Enforced Innovation: Science of Science Policy and Federal Technology Policy

Perhaps nothing is so vexing for contemporary governing (or the theorizing that underpins it) than the convoluted relation of scientific knowledge to political judgment, and the reverse pathway of the value and esteem the commonweal places in having and gaining such knowledge – all involving difficult knots of philosophy, ideology and scientific disciplines. The recent emergence of a of science (SOSP) campaign out of key federal government science agencies – well funded and dedicated to certain pre-determined outcomes – is one entry to the fray. In our opinion, the animating premises behind the SOSP hearken back to an outmoded theoretical/epistemological worldview of positivism and strict fact-value separation, which fits hand-in-glove to ideological presuppositions of capitalist and possessive-individualist political-economic doctrines. This paper describes: 1) the rise of such an ideologically-driven doctrine of science and technology policy in the United States post WWII, particularly in the international/security policy sphere – the so-called social contract model of public policy for science, 2) the dissatisfactions with this model, that set the stage for the emergence of the SOSP, and 3) the emergence and features of the new vision of applying scientific principles back onto the management and promotion of scientific research. The paper presents a brief evaluation of the prospects of this approach and closes with suggestions of an alternative perspective that might be more successful in coming to grips with the conceptual convolutions involved.

José Maria Serratosa

It is a great pleasure for me to introduce my friend Professor Jose Maria Serratosa as the 2010 recipient of the prestigious Marilyn and Sturges W. Bailey Distinguished Member Award of The Clay Mineral Society, in recognition of his outstanding contributions to clay science and his promotion of scientific research on national and international scales. Jose graduated from the University of Granada in 1946 as a chemist and worked at that university as an Assistant Professor of Inorganic Chemistry. From there he accepted a fellowship to study at the University of Utrecht with Professor J. Th. Overbeek and, in 1953, he defended his PhD dissertation at the University of Madrid. Jose’s scientific activity from 1953 until 1970 can be divided into two parts: one was his work at the National Research Council of Spain (CSIC) and the other was at various scientific centers in the United States. The experience he gained during this time ensured his successful scientific activities as well as his activities in the organization of scientific research in Spain. From 1970 to 1990 Jose worked at CSIC as Research Professor and since 1990 he has been Research Professor Emeritus. During this time …

Science Policy in Japan

The author is Director-General of the Science and International Affairs Bureau of the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture in Japan. In November 1995, the Japanese Diet enacted the Science and Technology Basic Law. The law was introduced by a group of legislators in the Diet itself, rather than being proposed by the government as is usually the case, which is an indication of the level of concern in Japan about national science and technology (S&T) development. The Japanese government has placed a high policy priority on building S&T capabilities and has made a special increase in the S&T budget in spite of the very severe financial situation. In response to the Basic Law, the government is now deliberating a 5-year term plan to promote S&T, which will be finalized soon. These policy initiatives have been strongly influenced by concerns among members of Japan9s economic circles about the future of the nation9s economy. Many of them feel that, after World War II, Japan made great economic strides through the development and application of private-sector research based on scientific and intellectual findings introduced from other countries and through the efficient production of economic goods, but that this pattern has become very difficult to maintain. The appreciation of the Japanese yen has caused a shifting of production bases from Japan to abroad, and this has led to an increase in the unemployment rate, which is taken very seriously by the general public. Therefore, it is hoped that increased public-sector funding for basic research, conducted primarily at universities, will help create and accumulate original Japanese intellectual assets. Japan9s ratio of total research expenditure to gross domestic product is the highest among developed countries, but its ratio of public research expenditure to total research expenditure is the lowest. In the past few years, research expenditures by the private sector have decreased, diminishing total research expenditure and intensifying the need to devote more public resources to scientific research. In FY 1992, the Cabinet agreed that public expenditures for S&T should be doubled as soon as possible. The FY 1996 national budget shows a substantial increase in the scientific field: Grants-in-aid of the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture (Monbusho) will exceed 100 billion yen, and 11 billion yen will be allocated to the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science for its new research projects to be commissioned to universities. The Science and Technology Agency, the Ministry of International Trade and Industry, and other agencies (five ministries in all) have also requested budget increases for research projects to be managed by their affiliated quasi-governmental organizations. The budget for them is about 21 billion yen, most of which will be allocated to university researchers. One of the most important policy issues is the recruitment and training of excellent young scientific personnel. Monbusho has been making efforts to enrich the quality and expand the scale of postgraduate schools, which are relatively smaller than those of other developed countries. At the same time, greater attention has been paid to the need to immediately increase support for young scientists, both at doctoral candidate and postdoctoral levels, and it is planned that by the year 2000, various fellowship schemes will be expanded to support as many as 10,000 young scientists (including young scientists from abroad), which is 2.6 times the number of FY 1995 fellowships. In addition, there is increasing demand that the quality of university research be further enhanced, and it is envisaged that the new S&T plan will include measures to respond to that demand. Various organs such as Monbusho9s Science Council have already begun to deliberate on appropriate research evaluation systems, measures to establish centers of excellence, promotion of university-industry cooperation and exchange, and so forth, and some concrete steps have already been taken. International scientific cooperation and exchange is one such important area, into which considerable efforts have been poured. Today, the Japanese people are showing a great deal of interest in the promotion of scientific research. Monbusho hopes to fully respond to such national interest and to further promote, in close cooperation with other agencies, basic science in Japan in order to make important contributions to the international community.

Occupational therapy and education: a shared vision.

This paper describes the visions that the educational progressives and founders of occupational therapy expressed for their respective professions, and it examines the thematic ideas that each held in common. These shared themes centered on humanistic values, a belief in occupation, and the promotion of scientific research. The parallels in thinking found within the two groups are examined, and the possible influence of the progressive education movement on the development of occupational therapy is suggested. This analysis is placed within the context of the progressive period of American history, 1900 to 1920.

Leibniz–A Biography

E J Aiton 1985 Bristol: Adam Hilger viii + 370 pp price £29.50 (IOP members' price £23.60) ISBN 0 85274 470 6 Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz of Leipzig (1646–1716) is chiefly remembered among scientists today for his coinvention with Newton of the differential calculus, for his introduction of the concept of vis viva or kinetic energy, his calculating machine, his pioneering work in symbolic logic and his energetic promotion of scientific research and scientific academies. Few fields of contemporary enquiry, however, escaped the critical scrutiny of Leibniz.

Promotion of Scientific Research in Universities

Promotion of Scientific Research in Universities

Conservation as a tool for development in tropical countries

Conservation, as practised in developed nations, has little chance to be understood in those parts of the world where pressure of growing population on land resources is heavy, and where rising expectations include visions of an industrial economy. In countries where such basic human needs as land for crops or pasture, and food, are inadequately filled, little public attention can be expected for such important environmental factors as maintenance of diversity, preservation of the choice of options, and achievement of a balance between man and his environment. However, the desire for development, for ‘Improvement’, is great, and hope is seen in the idea that conservation can be a tool for development, especially in those areas of the world where a wide choice of options still exists. Tropical countries, especially, can profit greatly through careful exploitation of a number of these resources. Among the ways are promotion of scientific research and scientific tourism, promotion of social, cultural and aesthetic values, promotion of educational values, and development of tourism based on such assets as wildlife. Serious social inequities resulting from faulty policies or practices can be corrected, but to do so man must come to grips with the fundamental problem, which is to successfully stage the right kind of environmental revolution, out of which can come the right kind of development with conservation as an essential tool for its promotion. It is also becoming evident that something to replace nationalism is essential if a balance between man and his environment, which transcends national broders in all its complex natural aspects, is to be reached.

日本學術振興會における磨耗の機構の研究(第5報) : (その3)クロムめっきの耐磨耗性に就て

日本學術振興會における磨耗の機構の研究(第5報) : (その3)クロムめっきの耐磨耗性に就て

日本學術振興會における磨耗の機構の研究(第5報) : (その1)研究の經過とその大要

日本學術振興會における磨耗の機構の研究(第5報) : (その1)研究の經過とその大要