Physical Education Promotion Research Articles

Promotion of physical education and sports and healthy lifestyle in youth environment

Promotion of physical education and sports and healthy lifestyle in youth environment

Inclusion of children with disabilities and special educational needs in physical education: an exploratory study of factors associated with Irish teachers’ attitudes, self-efficacy, and school context

ABSTRACT Since the publication of the Education for People with Special Educational Needs Act in 2004, inclusion in Ireland has become a priority for the educational system. Despite the promotion of physical education (PE) as a key setting for facilitating inclusion in schools, research has shown that the children with special educational needs and disabilities are still excluded from PE. Research evidence shows that teachers’ attitudes and self-efficacy and the broader school context within which teachers work are among the most important factors facilitating inclusion in PE. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore teachers’ attitudes towards inclusion, self-efficacy in delivering inclusive pedagogies, and perceptions about whether inclusion was supported within the schools. A cross-sectional design was used, and a questionnaire was sent to Irish PE teachers. Results of this study showed that teachers’ attitudes were positively correlated to the number of different types of disabilities in PE class. It was found that secondary school teachers had higher self-efficacy levels than their primary school colleagues. Findings from this study revealed that teachers who had frequent personal contact with SEND people showed more positive perceptions about the extent to which inclusion was supported in the school within which they worked.

O.4.6-1 Examining the feasibility, acceptability, and effectiveness of a self-compassion workshop in physical education class for adolescent females

Abstract Purpose In adolescence, enrollment in Physical Education (PE) drastically drops in the transition from grade 9 to 10 – particularly for females who disengage at higher rates than males after completing provincial PE curricular requirements. This is problematic since engagement in PE has the potential to shape and guide young females’ perceptions of movement, their bodies, and coping with life’s difficulties through physical activity. Body image distress may be one reason to explain PE disengagement therefore, may warrant intervention. Self-compassion is an emotion regulation strategy that helps deal with body-related distress and may be an effective strategy to help females cope with these negative experiences in PE and PA beyond. This is the first pilot study to examine the feasibility, acceptability and effectiveness of a self-compassion psychoeducation intervention in PE. Methods A pragmatic one-group pre-test post-test design, with 1-month follow-up was used. The sample consisted of n = 52 students from 2 Canadian high school grade 9 grade 10 females PE classes. The intervention consisted of a 75 minute self-compassion workshop. Feasibility and acceptability were assessed using multiple data sources from a 75-minute focus group, and 1-month follow up survey data. Effectiveness was examined using change in scores on PE attitudes, PA attitudes, self-compassion, and body-image coping. Results There was overall feasibility evidence for the intervention, whereby, all available classes and teachers agreed to host the workshop. The majority of students completed the pre-survey 84.6% (44/52), workshop 71.5% (37/52), and focus group session 92.3% (48/52), and expressed interest in having follow-up workshops 60.7% (17/28). The intervention demonstrated acceptability, as indicated by students indicating high scores on workshop acceptability, ethical conduct, effectiveness, limited negative side effects, material being beneficial and presented in a useful way. Small improvements were shown for self-compassion (d = 0.0761), PE attitudes (d = 0.0761) and PA attitudes (d = 0.245) from pre-workshop to follow-up. Conclusions The knowledge gained from this pilot study may enhance capacity for delivery of scalable curriculum-informed physical education promotion strategies which may be broadly transferrable to physical activity programs.

U.S. Islamic Schools’ Promotion of Physical Education and Physical Activity

Abstract: Among Muslims, the states of spiritual well-being and physical health complement each other and should be developed in youth. Regular physical activity (PA) in childhood is associated with multiple health benefits immediately and persisting into adulthood. Schools are ideal venues for children to be physically active owing to curricular (i.e., physical education [PE]), co-curricular (i.e., recess, classroom activity breaks), and extracurricular (i.e., intramural and interscholastic sports) opportunities. Most schools utilize websites to convey and promote information about what they feel is important for website visitors to know. Previous studies on how PE/PA are promoted on school websites excluded U.S. Islamic schools. Therefore, we conducted a content analysis of 222 U.S. Islamic schools’ websites to determine the prevalence of images and verbiage promoting PE/PA and associated characteristics. Our descriptive findings suggest that PE/PA are emphasized less compared with other subject matter: PE was mentioned on 53% of websites, intramurals on 29%, and interscholastic sports on 21%. Thus, the holistic education of children in the Islamic tradition may be compromised.

U.S. Islamic Schools’ Promotion of Physical Education and Physical Activity

Abstract: Among Muslims, the states of spiritual well-being and physical health complement each other and should be developed in youth. Regular physical activity (PA) in childhood is associated with multiple health benefits immediately and persisting into adulthood. Schools are ideal venues for children to be physically active owing to curricular (i.e., physical education [PE]), co-curricular (i.e., recess, classroom activity breaks), and extracurricular (i.e., intramural and interscholastic sports) opportunities. Most schools utilize websites to convey and promote information about what they feel is important for website visitors to know. Previous studies on how PE/PA are promoted on school websites excluded U.S. Islamic schools. Therefore, we conducted a content analysis of 222 U.S. Islamic schools’ websites to determine the prevalence of images and verbiage promoting PE/PA and associated characteristics. Our descriptive findings suggest that PE/PA are emphasized less compared with other subject matter: PE was mentioned on 53% of websites, intramurals on 29%, and interscholastic sports on 21%. Thus, the holistic education of children in the Islamic tradition may be compromised.

Influence of Parental Perception of Child's Physical Fitness on Body Image Satisfaction in Spanish Preschool Children.

To find out how self-perceived physical fitness influences self-perceived body image in preschoolers. 475 preschool pupils were recruited in the schools of Extremadura (Spain). They were administered a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Preschool Physical Fitness Index (IFIS) and the Preschool Body Scale (PBS). Significant correlations (p < 0.05) were observed between body dissatisfaction and perceived physical fitness (IFIS), being higher in girls. In terms of variables, general fitness (<0.001), cardio-respiratory fitness (<0.001), muscular strength (<0.001), speed/agility (<0.001) and balance (<0.001) have a negative, medium and significant association with body dissatisfaction in girls; however, this association was lower in the case of boys. The influence of physical fitness had a clear impact on self-perceived body image. With better findings on self-perceived physical fitness variables (IFIS) there was less body dissatisfaction (PBS), especially in the female sex. The results also showed that parents who perceived their children to be in poorer physical condition had higher body dissatisfaction. Therefore, it would be interesting for the context involved, particularly parents, to implement strategies to improve positive body image through the promotion of physical education and physical fitness at an early age.

Promotion of physical education and sports

Promotion of physical education and sports

코로나19 확산에 따른 체육 실기과목 온라인 원격수업에 대한 교수자의 인식 연구 : H대학의 사례를 중심으로

The purpose of this study was to provide academic basic data which can help in the transformation of the future-oriented physical education paradigm through the process of synthesizing and analyzing the strengths and weaknesses and improvement plans of online distance learning for practical subjects. For this, survey using an open questionnaire and in-depth interview were conducted by 5 instructors who were in charge of online classes of practical subjects in 2020 at H university. To analyze the collected data, the inductive analysis method was used to classify concepts and categories by domain after verifying that the transcribed data matches the recorded data through the writing task. The results of this study could be summarized as follows:BR First, in the perception of online distance learning for practical subjects, ‘repetitive learning and detailed observation of movements were possible’ and ‘accuracy and objectivity in evaluation’, instructors’ self-development through the reflective reflection’ were found as the advantages of online distance learning in practical subjects. On the other hand, ‘difficulty in selecting a place’, ‘difficulty in immediate-specific feedback due to lack of physical assistance’, and ‘low learning effect compared to a large amount of tasks’ were found as disadvantages of online distance learning in practical subjects. BR Second, as for the prospects for online distance learning in the college of physical education, the contents of ‘acceleration of online distance learning’ and ‘promotion of physical education using blended learning’ were derived. As improvement requirements for online distance learning, online system that is easy to understand and access should be established, and cost support for online content development should be provided. Moreover, online classes and instructors must be thoroughly managed.

Cross-cultural comparison of fundamental movement skills in 9- to 10-year-old children from England and China

The present study aimed to examine cross-cultural differences in fundamental movement skills (FMS) proficiency levels in children aged 9–10 years old in England and China, using a process-oriented FMS measurement. Four FMS (run, jump, throw, catch) were measured using the Test of Gross Motor Development-2 (TGMD-2). The sample consisted of 272 (58.3% boys, 41.7% girls) Chinese children and 273 (48.7% boys, 51.3% girls) English children. ANCOVA analysis for the raw FMS scores showed significant sex by country interaction ( P = .022, partial η2 = .01). Chinese children scored higher than English children on total FMS, locomotor, and object control skill subsets. Additional Chi-squared analyses revealed significant differences regarding mastery levels of skills, with a higher proportion of Chinese children being classified as having advanced skill proficiency across three of four selected FMS (i.e. run, throw, and catch). The substantial cross-cultural differences found may be related to aspects such as Physical Education (PE) provision and process, educational policy, and other physical activity opportunities (e.g. extracurricular organised sports). Our findings require further examination of the contextual influences, in order to understand the optimal strategies that promote children's FMS development through PE, youth sports, or physical activity promotion.

The Idea of Sport Agon as a Metaphor of Human Life in Thomas Hobbes’ Mechanistic Philosophy of Motion

Contemporary sport is a complex phenomenon with a rich multicultural historical tradition, its universal principles, such as peaceful and institutionalised competition included in the rules of individual fi tness professions, as well as ethos, ceremonial and ideology, are the work of many epochs and nations. The particular contribution of English culture to sport is well-known, from the promotion of its fi nal name (from the Old French desporte, which came to England in the 11th century with the Normans), through the promotion of physical education by eminent educators and philosophers such as John Locke, Herbert Spencer and Thomas Arnold, to the creation and dissemination of many sports, including football, rugby, tennis, cricket and golf. In the article, I refer to the philosophy of Thomas Hobbes, signifi cantly infl uencing the shape of modern concepts regarding natural rights, articulating, inter alia, the inalienable right of every human being to freely use his/her body to maintain health through physical activity. Hobbes based his anthropology on the mechanistic philosophy of motion, which he used to explain not only physical activity and functional fi tness of the body, but it also became a premise for the development of the psychology of human aff ects and desires, the culmination of which was the image of the sports race as a metaphor of human life. Hobbes did not limit himself to discussing in-offi ce deliberati, he was very active throughout his life, implementing the movement directive he proposed by performing sports, recreation, practicing preventive health treatments and taking numerous trips. The article is part of the history of ideas - it is a presentation of the concept of movement by the English modern philosopher Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679), supplemented with a new element in doxographic studies linking the mechanicism of the Leviathan author with the existential motif regarding the idea of the life as a sport competition.

North American Jewish Day Schools’ Online Promotion of Physical Education

Objective: Parents and other stakeholders regularly view school websites for important information including curricula. Over 300,000 students are enrolled in North American Jewish day schools, but little is known about schools’ online promotion of physical education (PE). We conducted a content analysis of the mention of various PE characteristics and their association with school characteristics. Methods: We systematically tallied mention of 7 PE characteristics and 4 school characteristics on the websites of 516 Jewish day schools located in 237 North American cities. Descriptive statistics and cross-tabulations were used to analyze proportions for each characteristic and associations among them. Results: PE and curriculum were the only characteristics mentioned on over 50% of the websites. The mention of 4 PE characteristics (health messaging, facilities, PE, curriculum) was strongly associated with the religious affiliation of schools. Specifically, websites of liberal schools and traditional schools were more and less likely, respectively, to mention the characteristics. Conclusions: The websites of Jewish day schools insufficiently promoted PE characteristics with large differences based on religious affiliation. Surveying school officials responsible for website content about their beliefs on PE generally and the appropriateness of websites for promoting it may help inform strategies for boosting its online presence.

РОЛЬ ФИЗИЧЕСКОЙ ПОДГОТОВКИ НЕСОВЕРШЕННОЛЕТНИХ В СНИЖЕНИИ УРОВНЯ ИХ ПРЕСТУПНЫХ НАКЛОННОСТЕЙ

This article examines the impact of physical training on crime among juvenile convicts, namely, how physical activity, a set of physical exercises and much more can affect the behavior of juvenile convicts and, directly, contribute to their correction. Proper physical education of minor children is a powerful factor in preventing and deterring crime. The urgency of the need to involve adolescents in active sports is important in order to develop the values of physical education and improve the form and orientation of the promotion of physical education and sports in order to minimize juvenile delinquency.

Level playing fields? Addressing Physical Education delivery in three KwaZulu-Natal school contexts, South Africa

This article focuses on the state and status of Physical Education (PE) in six KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) schools in three different school contexts: former Model-C, rural and township. This comparative case study employed a qualitative, descriptive research design with an interpretative approach. The findings, conclusions and recommendations inform a nation-wide research project under the aupices of the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) - Department of Basic Education (DBE) partnership. Adopting a social justice theoretical framework, analysis of the KZN data demonstrates the imperative to adopt a holistic, inclusive approach in the promotion of PE across school contexts. The playing fields, both physically and figuratively are not level between quintiles 2, 3 and 5 schools. The infrastructure, particularly, in the lower quintile schools, needs attention. Teachers are key resources needed to bring about change and both pre-service and in-service Life Orientation teachers require training and support to facilitate PE. It is hoped that national and provincial stakeholders will respond to the empirical data presented in this study so that PE can, with integrity, afford learners the opportunity to learn-to-move and to learn-through-movement in all school contexts. There are many tertiary institutions in South Africa, including KZN, that are well-positioned to deliver pre-service training, accredited coursework and information resources to schools in the country.

학교체육진흥회 사업분석 및 사업개선 연구

학교체육진흥회 사업분석 및 사업개선 연구

Difficulties of Online Physical Education Classes in Middle and High School and an Efficient Operation Plan to Address Them.

This study examined the difficulties of running online physical education classes in the context of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and used the findings to develop an efficient operation plan to address these difficulties. Six middle and high school physical education teachers participated; three were experts in online physical education and active in the Korea Council School Physical Education Promotion, and three were recommended teachers making efforts to improve the online classes offered by the Korea Ministry of Education. A qualitative case study method employing phenomenological procedures to collect and analyze the data was used. The difficulties of operating middle and high school online physical education classes for the first time included (1) the monotony of the classes within their limited environmental conditions and limited educational content that did not adequately convey the value of physical education, (2) trial-and-error methods applied nationwide, resulting from a lack of expertise in operating online physical education classes, and (3) very limited evaluation guidelines proposed by the Korea Ministry of Education, which made systematic evaluation with online methods impossible. To address the identified problems and facilitate the efficient operation of online physical education classes, changes in strategic learning methods are needed to understand online physical education characteristics and thereby better communicate the value of physical education. It is also necessary to cultivate teaching expertise through sharing online physical education classes, where collaboration among physical education teachers is central. In addition, evaluation processes should be less formal to encourage active student participation.

A Team of Our Own: The Role of Local and Regional Identities in Spanish Sport

To validate the field, early sports historians often delved into topics with overt connections to politics and class on the national level. However, sub-national groups also use sport and this paper attempts to identify how they have done so in Spain throughout the twentieth and early twenty-first centuries and across multiple competitive activities. On the regional level, Catalonia and the Basque Country have long used sports organizations to define themselves in opposition to the national core. Beyond this, numerous regions include sporting endeavors as part of their unique culture, including long-term Catalan promotion of physical education and the Basques and Valencians each claiming different forms of pelota. Similarly, numerous regions have used cycling heroes, professional teams, and regional tours to foster identity. Local and civic governments have also long seen sport as a useful tool. Before and after the Spanish Civil War, local competitions offered opportunities for non-political community building. Later, newer sports like basketball offered opportunities for smaller cities to find success through specialization, while others recognized that hosting larger events offered national and international branding opportunities. Lastly, the structure of league competition offers cities exposure through regular competition, rivalries, and weekly quiniela choices.

A Study of Physical Education Promotion Plan for the Young Men's Association by “HOTOKUKAI” in the Early Taisho Era: An Analysis of the “SHIMIN” Bulletins*

A Study of Physical Education Promotion Plan for the Young Men's Association by “HOTOKUKAI” in the Early Taisho Era: An Analysis of the “SHIMIN” Bulletins*

Studies on Physical Education Promotion Policy for Young Men's Association in the Taisho Era: Focusing on the Administrative Process in Tokyo Prefecture*

Studies on Physical Education Promotion Policy for Young Men's Association in the Taisho Era: Focusing on the Administrative Process in Tokyo Prefecture*

학교체육진흥관점에서 바라본 대한체육회의 행정조직 분석

학교체육진흥관점에서 바라본 대한체육회의 행정조직 분석

&lt;b&gt;田中義一の青年団体育奨励構想（1908-1916）に関する研究 &lt;/b&gt;

Previous research has shown that physical education was introduced to young men’s associations through the strong encouragement of Giichi Tanaka. However, there has not been sufficient research on how Tanaka promoted physical education to young men’s associations or specifically what kind of plans were set forth.Accordingly, this study aims to clarify in detail the concept of promotion of physical education to young men’s associations.