Cigarette Promotion Research Articles

Reform of Article 46 Paragraph (3) Letter C of the Broadcasting Law Regarding the Phrase "Prohibition of Advertisements Demonstrating the Form of Cigarettes": Comparative Study With Singapore

<em>This study has been motivated by the weaknesses in the formulation of the Article 46 Paragraph (3) Letter c of Broadcasting Law No. 32 of 2002, which bans only those cigarette ads showing the shapes of cigarettes and leaves room for the tobacco industry to practice indirect advertisement. The focus of this research is to assess the enforcement of limitations on cigarette promotion in broadcasting law and to explore the legal modification of c of Broadcasting Law Article 46 paragraph 3. The method of the study is a normative juridical approach and comparative law method. The findings reveal that current laws in Indonesia have been ineffective in controlling the increase of the smoking population, among the youth in particular, due to a number of issues that the tobacco industry exploits. In contrast, smoking problems are much less prevalent in Singapore which has imposed more stringent policies. Most importantly, the research also discusses that ineffective regulation in Indonesia results from poor enforcement and light punishments offered for violations of the law. Therefore,there is need for restructuring section Article 46 Paragraph (3) Letter c of the Broadcasting Law, by promoting a bitter pill approach towards cigarette advertising, in addition to the current ineffectual position interrogated, to enhance public health.</em>

Is It Time to Ban Flavored Cigarettes in Asia-Pacific Countries? A Scoping Review.

Flavored cigarettes encourage youth smoking and deter quitting. No country in Asia-Pacific, a region with some of the world's highest smoking rates, has regulated tobacco flavors. We examined market data, academic literature, and gray literature to describe what is known on flavored cigarettes in the Asia-Pacific region. Of the 12 countries for which market data were available, ten had substantial flavored cigarette market shares ranging from 10% to 97%. With no regulations and growing markets for flavor capsule variants, the tobacco industry's ongoing promotion of flavored cigarettes, which targets primarily youth and women, is expected to drive further increases in smoking prevalence. There are significant research and monitoring gaps on the industry's marketing tactics and use of flavored cigarettes in the region. Given the large market shares, Asia-Pacific countries stand to benefit substantially from a tobacco flavors ban.

Comparative analysis of tobacco industry cigarette marketing expenditures in the United States, 2009–2018

Anti-tobacco campaigns face challenges as tobacco marketing consistently outpaces funding for public health presentation initiatives. In 2017, tobacco companies spent around $1 million every hour to promote cigarettes and smokeless tobacco in the US. That same year, they were also mandated to sponsor and disseminate Federal court ordered Corrective Statements (CSs) advertisements in outlets such as newspapers and major television networks. Thus, it is crucial to monitor the marketing activities of the tobacco industry to bolster effective tobacco control efforts. Cigarettes marketing expenditures were obtained from the Federal Trade Commission Cigarettes reports and adjusted for inflation using the Consumer Price Index Inflation Calculator. Temporal trends during 2009–2018 period were assessed using Joinpoint regression at (p < 0.05). The costs of publishing the CSs in print were estimated based on the cost of a full-page advertisement with similar specifications. Between 2009 and 2018, the total adjusted cigarette marketing expenditures exhibited no significant changes (AAPC = −1.5). Spending on print advertisements decreased from 0.43% in 2009 to 0.1% in 2018. Magazine cigarette marketing expenditures underwent a relative percentage decline of 80% (AAPC = −13.5;p < 0.05). In 2018, the tobacco industry allocated approximately $8.5 million for print advertisements to promote cigarettes. We estimated that it cost $5.5 million to disseminate the CSs in print the same year, constituting 0.06% of the overall expenditure on cigarette marketing and promotion. Several traditional cigarettes advertising categories have seen reduced funding over the past decade. Nevertheless, the total marketing expenditure remained unaffected. In response to marketing regulations, tobacco companies shifted their funds to less regulated channels. In 2018, a significant portion of promotional expenditures were directed toward various price discounts, which could potentially expose vulnerable children and youths to cigarette marketing. Lastly, the impact of CSs was weakened by delayed implementation and shift in consumer attention from traditional media to other digital channels.

Branding Mythology in Postmodern Culture Sampoerna Cigarette Advertising A-Mild version "Nanti juga lo Paham"

Advertising is an important instrument in Marketing Communication to build a Product Image. However, with the Republic of Indonesia Law number 32 of 2002 concerning Broadcasting, article 46 prohibits the promotion of cigarettes by displaying their appearance. To get around this, Sampoerna A-Mild cigarettes broadcast advertisements in the "You'll Understand" version which has meaning and mythology requirements. What mythology is used in branding to show the ideology of building a strong image for A-Mild Cigarettes? Through a postmodern philosophical approach in popular culture, this research wants to dismantle the sole dominance of Modernity. Using Roland Barthes' textual analysis method, it was revealed that the advertisement gave a strong meaning that the Sampoerna A-Mild cigarette advertisement wanted to create a masculine, strong, glamorous image in communal culture, as a form of resistance to the dominance of single modernity.

The commercial promotion of electronic cigarettes on social media and its influence on positive perceptions of vaping and vaping behaviours in Anglophone countries: A scoping review.

There is ongoing scientific and policy debate about the role e-cigarettes play in tobacco control, with concerns centring around unknown long-term effects, and the potential industry co-option of harm reduction efforts, including marketing to youths. There is substantial evidence of the influence of conventional cigarette promotion on smoking behaviours in Anglophone countries, and the popularity of social networking sites, as well as the lack of marketing regulations on the commercial promotion of electronic cigarettes online, suggest an urgent need to explore this topic further. This scoping review aims to map the existing evidence related to the influence of e-cigarette commercial promotion on social media on positive perceptions of vaping and vaping behaviours in core Anglophone countries. Searches were conducted in CENTRAL, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR), Embase, Epistemonikos, MEDLINE, PsycINFO and Science Citation Index, on the 21st of July 2022. From 1,385 studies, 11 articles were included in the final review, using diverse study designs, including focus groups, content analysis, cross-sectional studies, and experiments. The studies were primarily based in the U.S. and evidenced the association between the commercial promotion of e-cigarettes on social media with positive perceptions of vaping and vaping behaviours, particularly among young people, addressing diverse themes including celebrities' sponsorship, e-liquid appeal (including flavours and nicotine levels), users' engagement with ads, and other marketing strategies. Further, social networking sites commercially promoting e-cigarettes might increase positive attitudes towards vaping and vaping behaviours, particularly among youths. Future research should be conducted in broader settings, incorporate larger and diverse sample sizes, ensure research transparency, cover multiple social networking sites, emphasize ecological validity, and foment longitudinal studies.

Why do youths initiate to smoke? A data mining analysis on tobacco advertising, peer, and family factors for Indonesian youths

Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS), Indonesia showed that 60,9 % of students noticed cigarette advertisements or promotions in outdoor media. Our study aimed to understand the impact of outdoor tobacco advertising and peer and family association with Youth's smoking behavior.This study deployed a cross-sectional approach to explore factors related to youth smoking behavior, such as peers, family, and tobacco advertising. The GYTS questionnaire was adapted as the instrument and distributed to 400 students from 20 high schools to observe smoking behavior. The chosen schools based on the previous study whose classify school in hot-spot and non hot-spot area. This study applied a data mining approach with a decision tree to generate the models.This study generates a decision tree model that describes the peer factor as the key to introducing Youth to smoking. The model also reveals that youth in the non-hotspot advertising area are not likely to develop Youth to smoke. The model has a performance classification of 77.5 % This study found that youth with smoking fathers are more likely to start smoking earlier, youth whose both parents are smokers, and mothers who are smokers have a confidence level of 100 % to smoke. Further research is warranted to investigate rural districts to explore any regional and socioeconomic variations.

Causal effects of point-of-sale cigarette promotions and subjective social status on cigarette craving: a randomised within-person experiment

BackgroundCigarette smoking continues to be a leading cause of preventable deaths in the USA, in part because the USA has not adopted the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. One...

Electronic Cigarette Harms: Aggregate Evidence Shows Damage to Biological Systems.

Evidence of the harms of e-cigarettes has been unfolding slowly and has been documented in many reviews and reports worldwide. A narrative review of new evidence is presented since, as research has continued, newly aggregated evidence of the dangers of electronic cigarettes on the brain, heart, and lungs is vital to inform decisions on restricting the use of e-cigarettes. Several biomedical research databases were searched for electronic cigarette health effects, emphasizing reviews, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses. Over 50 review studies, primarily in 2022 and 2023, illustrate some of the latest information on e-cigarette harms. Results show studies of respiratory, neurological, and cardiovascular effects. Researchers call for expanding studies through new methods to elaborate on initial findings of multiple harms emerging in clinical investigations. Since the use of electronic cigarettes for adult cessation is not sanctioned in most countries, it is clear that health authorities see significant costs to the health of the general population if the promotion and use of electronic cigarettes occur worldwide. Regulatory action to control electronic cigarettes should consider the substantial evidence of electronic cigarette harm.

The impact of exposure to cigarette advertising and promotion on youth smoking behavior in Malang Regency (Indonesia) during the COVID- 19 Pandemic.

The prevalence of teen smokers has increased during the Covid-19 pandemic. Smoking behavior occurs due to exposure to advertising and the promotion of cigarettes. This quantitative research was conducted using cross-sectional approach. The purpose of the study was to analyze the relationship between advertising exposure and cigarette promotion on adolescent smoking behavior in Malang Regency during the pandemic using the chi-square test. Random sampling on students from several high schools or equal degree in the Kepanjen District was done with a total of 145 respondents. The results showed that there was no significant relationship between age, types of cigarette advertising media at the point of sale, outdoor media, social media, internet, and newspapers or magazines by adolescent smoking behavior during the Covid-19 pandemic (p-value > 0.05). Exposure to cigarette advertisements on television, total exposure to cigarette advertisements, cigarette promotion, and gender had a significant relationship with adolescent smoking behavior during the pandemic (p value < 0.05). Adolescents are quite highly exposed to the various types of advertisements and promotions of cigarettes that can influence increased smoking behavior during the pandemic.

Cigarette Addiction as The Gateway to Drug Addiction

Smoking is not a cultural heritage of the Indonesian nation. Smoking is a habit that begins in adolescence. WHO data confirms that adolescents have a high tendency to smoke. Initially, smokers were under the age of 18, around 7.2 percent in 2013 and increased to 9.1 percent in 2018. Teenage students are more likely to smoke than adults. It is believed that 1 in 4 drug addicts started as addicted to cigarettes. In contrast, 90 percent of them started being addicted to drugs when they were 18. Because the brain is still developing until the age of 25, if, at that time, the brain was familiar with nicotine, cigarettes would be a gateway to addiction to other compounds, especially alcohol and illegal drugs. This qualitative descriptive study aims to determine what causes cigarette addicts to become drug addicts. The study results show that many factors cause a common thread between cigarette addicts and drug addicts, starting with the desire to try, pressure from peer groups or peer groups, being trapped and eventually falling into drug abuse. The low price during the massive promotion of cigarettes by sponsoring various school activities is considered a supporting factor.

The 1964 US Surgeon General's report on smoking and health.

The 1964 report of the US Surgeon General on smoking and health made an authoritative case that tobacco smoking was a cause of premature deaths from lung cancer and chronic bronchitis. It justified the practice of drawing causal inferences from epidemiological studies, specified influential criteria for doing so, and made use of an early form of meta-analysis.

FORMATION OF A HEALTHY LIFESTYLE AS A CURRENT DIRECTION OF SOCIAL AND PEDAGOGICAL WORK WITH ADOLESCENTS

The Healthy lifestyle`s formation is an actual problem of pedagogy, psychology and social work. The issues of saving, restoring health, and resistance to stress have become extremely relevant. The results of research of adolescents’ awareness of a healthy lifestyle are represented in the article.&#x0D; Teens are well informed about the basic concepts of a healthy lifestyle as detailed analysis showed. The process of forming responsibility for own life and health, conscious decision-making and overcoming cultural stereotypes about a healthy way of life requires special attention. The issues of saving, restoring health, and resistance to stress have become extremely relevant. Therefore, the analysis of the awareness of teens in matters of a healthy lifestyle has become necessary for the formation of a further algorithm for saving and restoring health.&#x0D; The analysis of research determined alcohol is an acceptable attribute that does not seriously interfere with a healthy lifestyle. This cognitive malformation is correlated with the promotion of alcohol and cigarettes on TV and web, also these harmful elements are acceptable in national traditions. The correlation between family`s healthy lifestyle and resistance to stress is noticed. The families which respect a healthy lifestyle are more resistible to stresses during a pandemic time. It is manifested in more adequate statements and constructive predictions about the use of trends in health lifestyle`s technologies. The correlation between family`s healthy lifestyle and resistance to stress is noticed. The families which respect a healthy lifestyle are more resistible to stresses during a pandemic time. It is manifested in more adequate statements and constructive predictions about the use of trends in health lifestyle`s technologies&#x0D; The most part of teens is trying to follow the healthy lifestyle`s rules and avoid harmful substances. Teenagers are interested in maintaining and restoring physical and psychological health during a pandemic.&#x0D; The gender aspect, processes of conscious behavior acceptance of consequences and motivation for the formation of responsible behavior require additional researches.

Point of Sale Advertising and Promotion of Cigarettes, Electronic Cigarettes, and Heated Tobacco Products in Warsaw, Poland-A Pilot Study.

Prevalence of smoking and e-cigarette use among teenagers in Poland is high. Polish law bans most advertising and promotion for cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and heated tobacco products (HTPs). This study investigates marketing for these products at points of sale (POS) near secondary schools in Warsaw, Poland, noting if the advertising and promotion were allowed under current Polish laws. All POS within 250 m radii of five selected secondary schools in each of three Warsaw districts were assessed for tobacco and e-cigarette direct advertising, inside and outside; offers of gifts or promotional discounts; tobacco merchandising, and tobacco displays. Of the 112 POS surveyed, 83% exposed customers to some form of advertising or promotion of cigarettes, e-cigarettes, or HTPs; in 76%, advertising or promotion that violated Polish law was present. More than 80% of POS surveyed displayed tobacco products; in 19%, these products were displayed near products of interest to minors. POS density observed here was 30.3 per km2, higher than in other European cities. In Poland, a high proportion of POS near schools violates the law banning the advertisement and promotion of tobacco and nicotine consumer products through a dense tobacco retailer network.

Cigarette Promotions in U.S. Pharmacies.

The sale of tobacco products within American pharmacies has generated controversy for several decades, leading two U.S. states and 45 municipalities to adopt tobacco-free pharmacy policies. While previous research has reported cheaper cigarette prices in pharmacies, compared to other retailers, little is known about cigarette promotions in pharmacies, which are associated with increased youth smoking and unplanned cigarette purchases among adults. Between May and August 2015, trained data collectors conducted store audits at 2128 tobacco retailers located within 97 U.S. counties in 40 states. Observations were made for three types of cigarette promotions: special price (e.g., $0.30 off/pack), multi-pack promotions (e.g., buy one pack, get one free), and cross-product promotions (e.g., buy a pack of cigarettes and a get free can of snus). We calculated weighted estimates of the proportion of pharmacies and other retailer types with cigarette promotions and used weighted multivariable logistic regression to compare cigarette promotions by tobacco retailer type, accounting for clustering at the county level and controlling for county-level demographic characteristics. Cigarette promotions were observed in 94.0% of pharmacies, more than any other retailer type (e.g., convenience stores: 82.0%, tobacco stores: 77.0%). All retailer types had lower odds of promotions for Marlboro, Newport, Camel, menthol, or any interior cigarette promotion, compared to pharmacies. Nearly all pharmacies offered in-store cigarette promotions and pharmacies had greater odds of offering cigarette promotions than all other retailer types. Whether voluntarily or legislatively, tobacco-free pharmacies would eliminate a prevalent retail source of cigarette promotions. This is the first known national study to examine prevalence of cigarette promotions in U.S. pharmacies compared to other retailer types. Nearly all pharmacies offered in-store cigarette promotions and pharmacies had greater odds of offering cigarette promotions than all other retailer types. These findings underscore the inherent contradiction of pharmacies serving both as an important component of the health care system, but also as purveyors and promotors of addictive and lethal tobacco products. Whether voluntarily or legislatively, tobacco-free pharmacy policies would eliminate a prevalent retail source of cigarette promotions.

Exhibitions as Public Health Interventions: The University of Alabama Center for the Study of Tobacco and Society

Can exhibitions of artifacts from the tobacco industry, its allies and critics, act as a public health intervention? The University of Alabama Center for the Study of Tobacco and Society is a curatorial and research center dedicated to the creation of exhibitions on the tobacco industry and its allies, the marketing of cigarettes and other tobacco products, and the efforts to counteract the use and promotion of cigarettes throughout the 20th century to the present day. Physical and digital exhibitions provide social and historical context to increase public understanding of a deadly product which, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, kills 1,300 Americans a day. Center for the Study of Tobacco and Society collects “communication artifacts” of the tobacco industry, from ubiquitous advertisements to subtler promotional efforts such as financial support for museums and other cultural institutions. This summary of the center’s work spotlights archives, curated and made public through exhibitions.

Exhibitions as Public Health Interventions: The University of Alabama Center for the Study of Tobacco and Society

Can exhibitions of artifacts from the tobacco industry, its allies and critics, act as a public health intervention? The University of Alabama Center for the Study of Tobacco and Society is a curatorial and research center dedicated to the creation of exhibitions on the tobacco industry and its allies, the marketing of cigarettes and other tobacco products, and the efforts to counteract the use and promotion of cigarettes throughout the 20th century to the present day (Blum, 1994, p. 8). Physical and digital exhibitions provide social and historical context to increase public understanding of a deadly product which, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, kills 1,300 Americans a day. University of Alabama Center for the Study of Tobacco and Society collects “communication artifacts” of the tobacco industry, from ubiquitous advertisements to subtler promotional efforts such as financial support for museums and other cultural institutions. This summary of the center’s work spotlights archives, curated and made public through exhibitions.

Is snacking the new smoking?

The way we eat is changing. Incrementally, between-meal snacking has increased over time, and our busy, on-the-run lifestyles and changing social norms fuel the consumption of convenience foods and calorie-dense snacks. The societal normalising of snacking behaviour has myriad influences, but the marketing narrative that snacking is “good for you” needs to be challenged. Cigarette promotion of yesteryear seems unconscionable today, but the way snack foods are now pitched to the public has some eerie parallels. The pervasiveness of aggressive targeted marketing, celebrity endorsement, social normalisation narrative, and dismissal of health consequences should give us pause for thought.

Prevalence Of Cigarette Smoking Phenomenon In Iraqi University Students And Factors Affecting Its Cessation An Observational Epidemiologic Study

Smoking is one of the negative pests spread all over the world. The most valuable thing a person has is his health which is destroyed by smoking. Smoking results in many negative effects on society, so we must get rid of it so that we can live in a clean and vital environment. Programs designed to combat cigarette smoking should be targeted mainly to university students, males, heavy smokers and urban areas. More of cigarette smoking combating programs should be against manufactured cigarettes (for example, applying higher taxis). Efforts should be done to announce the problem of passive cigarette mainly in university community, among nonsmokers, females and urban areas. Enforcement of Anti-cigarette information came from health warnings on cigarette package followed by health care provider followed by the media (especially newspapers or magazines). Encouraging the smokers to consult the HCP should be considered. Attention should be paid to cigarette advertising sites specially advertisements in stores, Free samples Sale prices, noticed cigarette promotions, free gifts/discounts on other products, Clothing/item with brand name or logo, Coupons and Mail promoting cigarette. Encouraging the ways of high or moderate efficacy that help smoking cessation as the willpower, nicotine patch, changing habits, nicotine gum, cessation program, and exercise.

Literature Review: Strategi Promosi Rokok Versus Strategi Promosi Kesehatan Anti Rokok

Globally, the amount of loss due to smoking has been well documented. But smoking among teenagers not only dwells on the problem of physical danger in the form of illness or death but also damages emotions and behavior. The phenomenon of smoking among adolescents takes attention because the future of a nation is determined by the quality of its future generations. This paper focuses on understanding cigarette promotion strategies and juxtaposing them with anti-smoking health promotion strategies with the literature review method. The results show that there are gaps in themes and content where health promotion strategies are considered rigid and have not yet adapted to the development of millennial adolescents. The recommendations given should be that themes and content in health promotion be packaged more interactively and flexibly according to the current era. Incorporating elements of anti-smoking health promotion into the game features will allow health promotion to be more acceptable among teenagers.

Tobacco Product Promotions Remain Ubiquitous and Are Associated with Use and Susceptibility to Use Among Adolescents.

The decline in tobacco smoking among US adolescents has been exceeded by the exponential rise in nicotine vaping with an overall net gain in youth tobacco product use. While cigarette companies are restricted from advertising on television/radio, vaping promotions have been largely unrestricted. This study examined exposure to tobacco product promotions in a US sample of 1003 adolescents and its associations with product use and susceptibility to use. Adolescents (13-17) were recruited online and anonymously surveyed in 2019 about their ever and current (past 30 days) tobacco smoking (cigarette and cigar) and nicotine vaping behaviors, and among never-users, susceptibility to vaping. Multivariate models tested associations with past-month exposure to tobacco product promotions controlling for demographic features, harm perceptions, and family and peer influences. Tobacco product use was 34% ever-use and 20% current-use. Most had seen cigarette (91%) and nicotine vaping (80%) product promotions in the past 30 days. A majority reported exposure at point-of-sale and on major (television and cinema) and social media. In adjusted multivariate models, greater exposure to tobacco product promotions was significantly associated with ever and current smoking and vaping; and among never-users, susceptibility to vaping (all p < .01, effect sizes 1.03-1.05). Family/peer use and attitudes also were significant correlates. Tobacco product promotions remain ubiquitous and are significantly associated with adolescents' tobacco product use and susceptibility to vape. Peers and family are important social influences and may reflect indirect channels of tobacco marketing. Stricter regulatory restrictions on tobacco marketing to young people are warranted. This study adds to mounting evidence showing that tobacco marketing remains pervasive and is associated with tobacco use and susceptibility to use. Most youth report seeing cigarette and nicotine vaping product promotions, with notable differences by channel: traditional media predominate for cigarettes and social media/email for e-cigarettes. Greater exposure to tobacco promotions is significantly associated with ever and current smoking and vaping, and among never-users, susceptibility to vaping. The accumulating findings support stricter regulatory restrictions on marketing of tobacco products in media channels accessed by youth.