Promising Genotypes Research Articles

Genetic Analysis of Polygenic Traits for Seed, Fibre and Dual Purpose Linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) Genotypes Grown under Sub Temperate Conditions of Western Himalayas

Genetic analysis of linseed plant genetic resources is very important to understand gene action and combining ability for crop improvement. Eight genetically diverse lines of linseed namely Surbhi, Bhagsu, Nagarkot, T-397, Himani, Baner, JRF-1 and JRF-4 were evaluated through half diallel cross analysis under sub temperate conditions of Western Himalayas. These eight parental lines identified for seed, fibre and dual purpose trait and 28 F1 progenieswere grown in CRBD to identify potential parents and their cross combinations for yield and associated traits under variable environments. Significant level of genetic variability was observed among studied genotypes for the yield, fibre and their contributing traits. Genotype×environment (G×E) interaction was also significant except for plant height and technical height indicating a definite role of environment in the performance of genotypes. Non-additive gene action was recorded for maximum traits. Based on GCA, three genotypes viz., Baner, Nagarkot and Surbhi were recorded to be good general combiner for seed yield whereas genotypes, JRF-1 and JRF-4 were good for early maturity and fibre yield. These promising genotype harbor the genes for various traits like high seed and fibre yield, early maturity, rust and powdery mildew tolerance. On the basis of high SCA effect, four cross combinations viz., Himani×JRF-4, T-397×JRF-4, Bhagsu×Nagarkot and Surbhi×Baner were found best for seed yield while four other viz., Surbhi×T-397, Nagarkot×Himani, Surbhi×Baner and Surbhi×Bhagsu were found best for fibre yield in pooled over environments. These genotypes and cross combinations can be used in further hybridization and selection can be done for early maturity, disease tolerance, seed, fibre and dual purpose trait as per the need of linseed breeding programmes in the country.

Soybean genotypes selection with resistance to White Mold and agronomic performance from moderately resistant parents

White Mold (WM) is a yield–limiting disease found in soybean. However, up to now no cultivars have been genetically resistant to this disease. Given this context, the present study aimed to develop superior soybean lines with resistance to WM, while maintaining other desirable agronomic traits. Two early maturing soybean cultivars (i.e., EMGOPA 316 and MG/BR 46–Conquista), moderately resistant to WM were used for biparental crosses from which the analyzed population was derived. Therefore, we assessed the resistance to WM in early generation testing of this population. Additionally, we determined the agronomic traits, genetic parameters and selection gains. From 348 F2 genotypes, 35 transgressive genotypes moderately resistant to WM were identified, amongst which 22 genotypes showed desirable agronomic traits for early cycle and grain yield. Moreover, 69 lines were selected as the most promising genotypes for each agronomic trait (i.e. based on the number of days to flowering and maturity, plant height at flowering and maturity, number of nodes on main stem at flowering and maturity, number of pods, grain yield, etc.). Among these selected lines, ten progenies emerged as the superior genotypes for grain yield and early cycle. All together, these results demonstrated that the cross between EMGOPA 316 × MG/BR 46 (Conquista) revealed promising progenies with moderate resistance to WM and/or desirable agronomic traits. Thus, these lines could be used as future resources for breeding efforts aimed at improving resistance to WM.

Agro-morphological characterization of spine gourd (Momordica dioica Roxb.)

Spine gourd showed huge diversity in all morphological traits. Nine qualitative and seventeen quantitative characters were assessed for each of fifteen promising genotypes at Horticulture research farm, IGKV, Raipur during kharif 2021.Categorical differences were observed for all 26 characters. The knowledge and nature magnitude of genetic analysis existed will provide the foundation of designing breeding program and selection of parents for the eventual development of new productive cultivars of spine gourd.

Evaluation of Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Germplasm for Agro-Morphological and Yield Traits and Resistance to Bean Common Mosaic Virus (BCMV) in Western Himalayan Kashmir

Kashmir Himalayas abounds in bean genetic resources with adaptive capacity and better quality. In the present study 110 common bean germplasm accessions were evaluated between 2019-2021 for yield traits as well as for BCMV resistance. BCMV is the most common and most destructive disease of beans and can cause a yield loss as high as 100%. Substantial variability was recorded in the material as depicted by broad range and high GCV, PCV and heritability and significant mean squares in ANOVA. Five accessions recorded stable resistance to BCMV while as 11 accessions were moderately resistant. Several genotypes were identified as novel sources of traits in respect of plant architecture, pod and seed traits as well as overall yielding ability. Promising genotypes identified for BCMV resistance as well as other traits of economic importance can be used as stable donors for improving common bean yield and BCMV resistance for sustainable bean farming in the region.

Evaluation of promising genotypes of pigeon pea against dry root rot caused by Rhizoctonia bataticola and stem canker caused by Macrophomina phaseolina

Evaluation of promising genotypes of pigeon pea against dry root rot caused by Rhizoctonia bataticola and stem canker caused by Macrophomina phaseolina

Manifestation and Variability Level of Yield and Grain Quality Indicators in Winter Bread Wheat Depending on Natural and Anthropogenic Factors

Since the yield and quality of wheat grain significantly depends on genetic potential of the variety in interaction with environmental conditions and cultivation technology, so it have been studied features of the manifestation and variability of yield and grain quality indicators of winter bread wheat depending on growing season conditions, genotype, sowing date and preceding crop in environment of the central part of the Ukrainian Forest-Steppe. The conditions of the growing season had a decisive influence on yield, 1000 kernel weight, and test weight. The preceding crop had more influence on yield, test weight, 1000 kernel weight, protein content; sowing date had more influence on yield. The significant influence of the genotype on the water absorption of flour, dough tenacity, alveogram configuration ratio, bread volume and evaluation score, protein content was established. There were determined the quality indicators with stable strong correlations under the influence of various natural and anthropogenic factors. The identified features of the manifestation and variation of grain quality indicators should be taken into account when growing winter bread wheat for baking, as well as in breeding process to increase the efficiency of selection of promising genotypes, reduce the number of tests and “capacity” of laboratories.

"Identification of promising genotypes in varietal trials of sugarcane using deep learning "

Genotypes of varietal trials for identification of promising genotypes of sugarcane undergoes location-based and multiphase testing for both plant and ratoon crop. Identification depends upon analytical studies of data collected from the trials. Data on more than twenty characters such as germination%, tillers, shoots, NMC, fibre, brix, sucrose, CCS, cane yield, etc are collected frequently, starting from germination stage till harvesting at different stages of crop. It is a quite complex and time-consuming task and information about some important parameters may remain unnoticed by experts despite best efforts. Deep learning algorithms can be developed for such complex task to extract high level features from trial data and make intelligent decisions based on it for identifying promising genotypes. Deep learning works on the principle of artificial neural networks in which multiple layers of processing are used to extract progressively higher-level features from data. In this paper, we have demonstrated use of deep learning for identification of promising genotypes. We have developed sequential model using tensorflow libraries in Python programming platform. To construct, train and test deep learning model, datasets of 181 genotypes accepted in coordinated trials of crop improvement programme for the duration 2016-21 have been used. Model uses crop characters viz. cane yield, sucrose%, CCS%, and CCS yield along with score of monitoring and red rot screening. Data management practices allowed to pre-process data for learning and testing model from it. Deep learning in this study consists of input layer, two hidden layers and output layer. Output classes are ’Promising” and “Non-promising” in binary form corresponding to promising genotype or otherwise. Model performed well with accuracy of prediction worked out to be 91.67% with loss value as 0.2832, while F-measure for both promising and non-promising genotypes got a high equivalent score of 0.91 and 0.92 respectively.

INTRODUCING SEVERAL WHEAT GENOTYPES AND TESTING THEM FOR PLANTING UNDER WESTERN PARTS OF IRAQ CONDITIONS

A field experiment was carried out in the western parts of Iraq aimed to screen 21 wheat genotypes introduced to arid and semi-arid areas by the Ministry of Science and technology beside 3 registered genotypes (IRAQ, Diar, and Mahmodiah) for comparison. A randomized completely block design was used to achieve this experiment with three replications for each genotype. The results of this study showed that recently introduced genotypes and planted for the second season sequentially in the western parts of Iraq of which promising genotypes to be nominated for other plant breeding programs beside they can be registered after planting them for other seasons to ensure their stability in terms of growth and production under such conditions. The seeds of genotypes varied in their content of Mo and N and this indicates their variation in growth and production as well as metabolism processes in the plant. Also, this was confirmed the variation in the activity of NR enzyme which in turn depends on Mo and assimilates N in the plant. It is worth mentioning that the activity of this enzyme was superior in genotype 29 which also was superior in yield (ton ha-1). Genotype 31 was superior by giving the highest average of yield over most introduced genotypes as well as registered ones. It can be recommended to use genotypes with high yields to be used in plant breeding programs.

Variability in yield parameters of onion genotypes in Bundelkhand region of Uttar Pradesh

Of the seventeen onion varieties evaluated for assessment of variability in mean performance, variances, heritability and genetic advance, (L-883 and Bhima Shweta) were most promising genotypes in respect of gross and marketable bulb yield, minimum number of bolters, rotten and multi-centred bulbs, bulb weight, equatorial bulb diameter, total soluble solids, number of leaves per plant and earliness in maturity. High values of genetic and phenotypic for gross and marketable bulb yield, average bulb weight, days to 70% neck fall and plant height indicated more opportunity of selection for these traits. High genetic advance as percentage of mean coupled with high heritability was observed for gross and marketable bulb yield and average bulb weight. Therefore, significant improvement could be expected through selection for these traits.

ESTIMATING VARIABILITY, HERITABILITY, AND GENETIC ADVANCE OF RICE GENOTYPES IN MID-HILLS OF NEPAL

<p>Rice is an essential staple food in Nepal but researches and varietal improvement programs are rarely carried out due to inadequate variability study. The field study was carried to diagnose the influence of genetic and environmental factors on yield traits to aid future rice breeding programs. Twelve genotypes were arranged in randomized complete block design with three replications from July to November 2019 at the research field of the Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, Tribhuvan University, in the hilly area of Nepal. Analysis of variance showed significant difference for days to 50% booting, days to 50% flowering, plant height, panicle length, flag leaf area, filled grains per panicle, unfilled grains per panicle, fertility percentage, effective tillers m<sup>-2</sup>, straw yield, grain yield, 1000-grain weight, and harvesting index indicating the presence of variation in genotypes. LPN BR-1615 was the most promising genotype in grain yield. The values of Phenotypic Coefficient of Variation (PCV) were higher than Genotypic Coefficient of Variation (GCV) for each trait and low difference between them was found for days to 50% booting, days to 50% flowering, plant height, panicle length, grain yield, thousand-grain weight, fertility percentage, and harvesting index. Plant height, effective tillers m<sup>-2</sup>, and grain yield showed high heritability (i.e. 93.2%, 60.5% and 92.6%, respectively) and higher genetic advance as percentage of mean (i.e. 46.5, 34.6 and 50.1, respectively) . Thus, the experiment revealed that selections favoring plant height, effective tillers m<sup>-2</sup>, and grain yield would help in effective breeding programs of rice in future.</p>

Screening of rice landraces for potential drought tolerance through comparative studies of genetic variability and principal component analysis

To identify stable yielding rice landraces with optimum drought tolerance ability, the present comparative study of genetic variability and principal component analysis was carried out based on different morphological traits of 60 landraces of northeast India belonging to upland rice. The sensitivity of the landraces under drought stress conditions was confirmed by the first-order statistics of genetic variation as well as Principal component analysis (PCA) since comparatively more numbers (6) of principal components were found under drought stress over the irrigated conditions with 74.12 per cent of cumulative variability. Characters viz., leaf rolling index, root: culm ratio, the number of spikelets per panicle, the number of filled grains per panicle, 100 seed weight and grain yield per plant were identified as suitable selection indexes for landraces under drought stress conditions. Based upon the eigenvalue and scattered diagram analysis under PCA, the landraces viz., Garomalati, Chikanswari Kabar, Turkey, Tarkol, Maimi Taukha and Madoop were found to be diverse and promising genotypes under drought stress. Hence, these landraces may be utilised as potential parents in the future breeding programme. Key words: Rice, landraces, drought stress, genetic variability, principal component analysis.      &nbsp

High-Temperature and Drought Stress Effects on Growth, Yield and Nutritional Quality with Transpiration Response to Vapor Pressure Deficit in Lentil.

High temperature and water deficit are among the major limitations reducing lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) yield in many growing regions. In addition, increasing atmospheric vapor pressure deficit (VPD) due to global warming causes a severe challenge by influencing the water balance of the plants, thus also affecting growth and yield. In the present study, we evaluated 20 lentil genotypes under field conditions and controlled environments with the following objectives: (i) to investigate the impact of temperature stress and combined temperature-drought stress on traits related to phenology, grain yield, nutritional quality, and canopy temperature under field conditions, and (ii) to examine the genotypic variability for limited transpiration (TRlim) trait in response to increased VPD under controlled conditions. The field experiment results revealed that high-temperature stress significantly affected all parameters compared to normal conditions. The protein content ranged from 23.4 to 31.9%, while the range of grain zinc and iron content varied from 33.1 to 64.4 and 62.3 to 99.3 mg kg−1, respectively, under normal conditions. The grain protein content, zinc and iron decreased significantly by 15, 14 and 15% under high-temperature stress, respectively. However, the impact was more severe under combined temperature-drought stress with a reduction of 53% in protein content, 18% in zinc and 20% in iron. Grain yield declined significantly by 43% in temperature stress and by 49% in the combined temperature-drought stress. The results from the controlled conditions showed a wide variation in TR among studied lentil genotypes. Nine genotypes displayed TRlim at 2.76 to 3.51 kPa, with the genotypes ILL 7833 and ILL 7835 exhibiting the lowest breakpoint. Genotypes with low breakpoints had the ability to conserve water, allowing it to be used at later stages for increased yield. Our results identified promising genotypes including ILL 7835, ILL 7814 and ILL 4605 (Bakria) that could be of great interest in breeding for high yields, protein and micronutrient contents under high-temperature and drought stress. In addition, it was found that the TRlim trait has the potential to select for increased lentil yields under field water-deficit environments.

High yield and pest resistant genotypes of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) for cultivation in Umudike, Southeastern, Nigeria

Newly developed progenies of sweet potato were evaluated to identify promising genotypes with high storage root yield, dry matter, starch content and susceptibility to Cylas spp. at the National Root Crops Research Institute, Umudike, Southeastern Nigeria during the 2015 and 2016 cropping seasons to evaluate variation among crosses of different sweet potato families, namely: LigriXFaara (17), LigriXApomoen (9) and LigrixSauti (8), including two check varieties (Umuspo 3 and TIS 87/0087). Analysis of variance, correlation and principal component analysis were employed for data analysis. In this study, four genotypes; LigriXFaara/3 (16.02t/ha), LigriXFaara/2 (14.67t/ha), LigriXFaara/1 (13.66t/ha) and LigriXFaara/6 (10.33t/ha) produced higher fresh storage root yield than the national check (TIS 87/0087). Four genotypes recorded starch content above 50mg100-1; LigriXApomoden/1 (69.71mg100-1), LigriXApomoden/3 (62.98mg100-1), LigriXApomoden/2 (60.89mg100-1), LigriXApomoden/4 (57.53 mg100-1). Among the thirty-four genotypes evaluated, twenty-nine genotypes were susceptible to the attack of C. puncticollis. LigriXFaara/1 recorded the highest attack of C. puncticollis, followed by LigriXApomoden/5, LigriXFaara/4, LigriXApomoden/3, LigriXSauti/3, LigriXFarra/5 while five genotypes; LigriXFaara/4, LigriXFaara/5, LigriXSauti/5, LigriXFaara/8, LigriXFaara/7 and LigriXFaara/14 did not show any sign of vulnerability of C. puncticollis. Promising genotypes that recorded high yield, dry matter and resistance to Cylas spp. could be subjected to advanced yield trail and incorporated into further breeding program.

Features of the winter bread wheat varieties of unified type developed by the Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy”

The current paper has presented the characteristics of the new winter bread wheat varieties of unified type developed by the FSBSI Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy”. Winter wheat is the most valuable grain food crop grown in vast areas. Breeding plays an important role in increasing production volume and improving grain quality as the basis of the country’s food fund. Expanding grain crops area, among which wheat predominates, there is a problem of crop rotation. Therefore, the development of unified varieties capable of producing stable high grain yields after various forecrops is one of the most urgent areas of breeding work for winter bread wheat. The purpose of the current study was to characterize the new winter bread wheat varieties of unified type developed by the FSBSI Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy” according to the main economically valuable traits. Due to the intensive breeding work over the past decade, on the basis of some of the best zoned varieties ‘Ermak’, ‘Stanichnaya’, ‘Donskoy syurpriz’ there was developed a number of new promising genotypes, which are already being used in production sowings of winter wheat in the Rostov region and other regions of our country. The new winter bread wheat varieties of unified type ‘Lydia’, ‘Kapitan’, ‘Lilit’, ‘Krasa Dona’, ‘Volnitsa’, ‘Volny Don’, ‘Zhavoronok’ and ‘Polina’ are more productive than their parental forms. In combination with grain of high quality, resistance to bio and abiotic environmental factors, they are very valuable, beneficial for cultivation and improvement of the production of commercial wheat grain of high quality.

Morpho-molecular Characterization of Maize Inbred Lines Accelerating Parental Selection for Hybridization

Characterization of genetic diversity is the foundation step for crop improvement, which provides a basis for analyzing combining ability and heterosis of inbred genotypes during a hybridization program. An investigation was carried out at the field laboratory of the Genetics and Plant Breeding department in Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, to elucidate the genetic architecture by evaluating 12 morphological and 4 molecular (SSR) markers within 52 diverse S1 genotypes, and to assess the relationship of molecular and morphological GD. An almost equal amount of PCV and GCV coupled with high heritability and genetic advance for the traits cob weight (gm), NKPC, and NKPR lead to the selection of promising genotypes based on these characters. Correlation coefficient and scatter plot matrix established a positive and strong relationship of KL (mm), KW (mm), and KT (mm) with 100 kernel weight (gm) suggesting the importance of kernel morphology. Mahalanobis D2 statistics revealed the highest inter-cluster distance between I and II. The percentages of molecular variance within the population and among the population were 76% and 14 %, respectively. The optimum K-value was 5. Heatmap relying on molecular GD exposed MMIL-28, MMIL-54, and MMIL-96 as the most diverse lines. SHE analysis hypothesized the increase of richness and diversity over time. Less correlation between the divergence generated from morphological traits and molecular markers suggested that the morphological variation may be determined by environmental factors and also by genetic factors. A strategy for the effective selection of predicting parental lines for a future hybridization program was developed.

Performance of some Prunus rootstocks to transmit micronutrients to leaves

This study was conducted to investigate the intake of micro plant nutrients of promising genotypes in the selection study of some wild plums that can be rootstock for apricots in Malatya and Elazığ region. The study was carried out in 2020 on the land of Malatya Apricot Research Institute and in the Soil, Plant and Water Analysis Laboratory of the Kahramanmaraş Eastern Mediterranean Transitional Zone Agricultural Research Institute. Soil samples were conducted from 0-30 cm and 30-60 cm depths in order to determine the micronutrients in the soil from the area where the trial was established. According to the analysis results, it was determined that the micronutrient elements examined in the top soil (0-30 cm), except boron, were at sufficient levels. As a result of the analysis of leaf samples taken from 69 rootstocks selected in June, scoring was made by applying weighted grading to the amounts obtained. This method has been applied for the first time in the world with this study. At the end of the study, in the leaf contents, iron 33.65-101.00 mg kg-1, manganese 19.01-106.27 mg kg-1, copper 4.15-13.03 mg kg-1, zinc 9.25-35.55 mg kg-1 and boron 19.54-35.55 mg kg-1 varied between. It has been determined that obtained these values are highly similar to the reference values, and when compared with other literature data, manganese is high, iron is relatively low, and other micronutrients elements are sufficient.

Evaluation of qualitative traits and bioactive compounds of some cultivars and promising genotypes in Tarom region in Zanjan province

Evaluation of qualitative traits and bioactive compounds of some cultivars and promising genotypes in Tarom region in Zanjan province

Selection for earliness and seed yield in Mung bean accessions using REML/BLUP

Abstract The objective of this work was to select early maturing and high yielding mung bean (Vigna radiata) genotypes for savanna and rainforest conditions in Nigeria. Twenty mung bean genotypes were evaluated, in 2019 and 2020, in the following agroecological zones of Southwestern Nigeria: Rainforest, Derived Savanna, and Southern Guinea Savanna, totaling six environments. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. The restricted maximum likelihood (REML)/best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) mixed model was used. The magnitude of the phenotypic coefficient of variation was higher than that of the genotypic coefficient of variation for all agronomic characters measured. A high heritability estimate was recorded for first flowering (87%), followed by pod length (85%), number of seeds per pod (79%), and 50% flowering (55%). However, a low heritability was observed for seed yield per hectare (23%). The selective accuracy was 0.5 for yield, which is considered moderate, and ranged from 0.7 to 0.9 for the other characters. A yield of 1,472.93 kg ha-1 was obtained across the six environments. Nine promising genotypes (TVr-45, TVr-98, TVr-64, TVr-102, TVr-86, TVr-106, TVr-9, TVr-95, and TVr-33) were identified. Therefore, these genotypes are suitable and adapted for cultivation in the agroecological zones of Southwestern Nigeria.

Dynamics of physiological and biochemical indicators of apricot cultivars under water stress

The results of the study of drought resistance of 4 cultivars Prunus armeniaca Lam bred in the Nikitsky Botanical Gardens are presented. The dynamics of indicators of the water regime of leaves, the content of photosynthetic pigments and phenolic compounds in them has been studied. As a result of the research, information was obtained on the physiological and biochemical characteristics of apricot against the background of adaptation to stressful conditions created by moisture deficit during the summer drought on the Southern Coast of the Crimea. Significant differences were revealed in the ability to retain moisture during wilting, the ability to restore tissue turgor after critical dehydration, the concentration of chlorophylls and phenolic substances in the cultivars of different resistance to water stress. The promising drought-resistant genotypes 'Professor Smykov' and 'Kazachok' have been identified, demonstrating a relatively high level of water-retaining forces of leaf tissues and reparation of the leaf surface area.

Lucerne breeding for forest steppe zone of RNO-Alania

The aim of the research is to produce alfalfa varieties that are resistant to biotic and abiotic environmental stress factors for cultivation in the conditions of the RSO-Alania on the basis of targeted selection of promising genotypes. The novelty of the research is that for the first time in the conditions of the forest - steppe zone of the RSO-Alania, new genotypes were studied for the formation of meadow-pasture varieties of alfalfa that have ecological plasticity, resistance to viral and fungal diseases, and increased yield potential. Records and observations were carried out according to the method of VIR and the V. R. Williams Feed Research Institute. As a result of the research, it was found that in terms of the yield of green mass and leafiness, the varieties of alfalfa Sinegibridnaya and Kizlyarskaya surpassed other varieties by 5-7%. The highest productivity among the tested varieties of alfalfa was possessed by the variety – Kizlyarsky, which most successfully combined the yield indicators of green mass, dry matter and mass of 1000 pcs. seeds and seed productivity.