Fulfillment Of Promise Research Articles

The Influence of Partisanship on Assessments of Promise Fulfillment and Accountability

I draw together theories of partisan polarization and motivated reasoning, which suggest that partisanship shapes information processing, and theories of accountability, which argue voters hold elected officials accountable through promise fulfillment. Here, I ask how partisanship influences voter understanding of promise fulfillment and accountability and if voters assess promises through a partisan lens. Two original survey experiments test how respondents react to promise fulfillment on the issues of immigration and human trafficking. I demonstrate that co-partisans differentiate between kept and broken promises, but out-partisans do not. Despite partisan differences, respondents evaluate promise-keeping when asked about accountability but not when asked about approval. Thus, even when voters recognize broken promises, accountability is influenced by partisanship. Immigration, a more polarized issue, is more likely to prime a partisan response than human trafficking, a less polarized issue. Future work must account for partisanship in accountability and what this means for our understanding of fundamental democratic principles.

Does supporting cultural diversity benefit only Māori? A study of Māori and Pākehā employees

ABSTRACT Māori are the Indigenous people of Aotearoa but experience workplace disadvantages including high discrimination, lower pay, and greater unemployment. This study uses psychological contracts theory to explore employee perceptions of a set of mutual obligations and implicit promises from their employer around supporting Māori employees. Cultural diversity promise fulfilment (CDPF) focuses on the way firms provide Māori cultural representation, seeks broad inputs from Māori, and work to eliminate bias against Māori. We empirically test CDPF on 165 Māori and 729 Pākehā. We include Pākehā because theoretically, under social exchange theory, all employees might react positively to employer support for a disadvantaged group. We test a moderated mediation model and find support with CDPF being significantly related to job satisfaction, cultural wellbeing, and turnover intentions, with the former mediating CDPF effects to turnover. Next, moderation effects are found (Māori versus Pākehā) but with mixed support. However, moderated mediation effects are supported with Māori employees reporting a stronger indirect effect from CDPF than Pākehā, through both mediators (job satisfaction and cultural wellbeing). The paper establishes the importance of CDPF and helps build the arguments for diversity support.

The Significance of ‘Integuments’ in John 10:10 and Genesis 3:21

This paper aims to explore the promise that will be fulfilled in Jesus based on Genesis 3 verse 15. descriptive qualitative research to solve the problems of the study. The method used is to provide a textual explanation of God’s temporary, emergency and imperfect actions in a theological-style material. The OT text regarding God's actions contained in Gen. 3:21 is of an emergency nature. Meanwhile, if the NT text in John 10:10 is divided into 10 a and 10 b, it indicates Jesus' mission for humans who have sinned and must face the rulers of this world. Two facts, where the emergency action of God YHWH and the complete fulfillment of Jesus' task as a form of fulfillment of God's promise to the first humans require a precise explanation and how this emergency action is related to its fulfillment. In this problem, the approach uses a comparative approach to these two facts to then confirm the key words (underlying text) in Gen. 3:21 and John 10:10 a and 10 b. The results show that the fulfillment of Jesus' task was the fulfillment and at the same time permanently overcoming this emergency action.

Erigo Customer Loyalty at Shopee E-Commerce

Digital marketing is using digital technology to develop channels to reach consumers more effectively. The millennial era is concerned with the consumer experience when buying, but the problems and opportunities they face are building a good consumer experience in a digital context. The aims of this study were (1) to analyze the effect of experience on Erigo's customer satisfaction, (2) to analyze the effect of satisfaction, trust and commitment on Erigo's customer loyalty, and (3) to formulate managerial implications that can increase satisfaction, trust, commitment and Erigo consumer loyalty. The participants in this study were Erigo's customers who met certain criteria using a purposive sampling technique. Five to ten samples are required for each variable parameter estimation. This study used a total sample of 347 people using SEM-PLS. Based on the research results, (1) the consumer experience variables that influence customer satisfaction are competence, helpfulness, personalization, value for time. Meanwhile, the variables of consumer experience that have little effect on customer satisfaction are accessibility, customer recognition, problem solving, and promise fulfillment, (2) Trust and commitment have an effect on consumer loyalty, but consumer satisfaction has less effect on consumer loyalty, (3) The results of the study show that the level of customer satisfaction, trust, commitment and loyalty has not been achieved optimally with the customer experience approach. Managerial implications of using the STP technique (Segmentation, Targeting, Positioning) are useful for increasing Erigo consumer satisfaction, trust, commitment and loyalty to Shopee e-commerce. Keywords: digital marketing, consumer experience, consumer satisfaction, consumer loyalty, SEM-PLS

THE JESUS GENEALOGY CONTROVERSY REVEALS THE SECRET OF THE SALVATION PLAN

This study aims to uncover the secret of the plan of salvation that lies in the genealogy of Jesus Christ recorded in Matthew 1:1–17, especially in the context of the presence of foreign and sinful women in Jesus' lineage. In this effort, the method of theological analysis was used to understand the theological significance and moral message contained in the inclusion of women such as Tamar, Rahab, Ruth, and Uriah's wife in the genealogy of Christ. This research delves into the historical and cultural context of Matthew's writing and analyzes how the inclusion of these women complements and illustrates the fulfillment of God's all-encompassing and gracious promise. The findings of this study will deepen understanding of the redemptive narrative woven into the genealogy of Jesus Christ, provide deep insight into the inclusiveness of God's plan of salvation, and offer an evocative testimony of His infinite love and mercy to all mankind.

Inequality in Chile's Philanthropic Ecosystem: Evidence and Implications.

Philanthropy seeks to address deep-rooted social issues and assume responsibility for the creation of public goods not provided by the public sector-and in this way help reduce inequality. Yet philanthropy has also been criticized for bypassing democratic mechanisms for the public determination of how to invest in society-and thus may perpetuate other inequities. In both cases, inequality, defined as asymmetries of resources and power, plays a critical role in public goods creation and in the legitimacy of a country's philanthropic ecosystem. However, little empirical research examines the existence and role of inequality in country-level donation systems. To fill this gap, this study provides evidence of growing donation concentration in Chile's philanthropic ecosystem, with a focus on the culture sector, characterizes it by mapping systematic differences in ecosystem perceptions by actor type, and identifies and tests statistically structural and organizational factors associated with these perceptions. Inequality in Chile's donation system operates at multiple geographical, legal, and organizational levels, all of which are reflected in objective donation amounts and subjective ecosystem perceptions. We conclude that in Chile resource asymmetries and power imbalances hinder the fulfillment of philanthropy's promise and call for further research to identify policies that address inequities in emerging philanthropic ecosystems in Chile, Latin America, and beyond.

The Fulfillment of Presidential Promises Made While in Office. The Case of Chile, 1990–2017

ABSTRACT Why do presidents make promises while in office and why do they fulfill some of them? We postulate 5 hypotheses to account for the fulfillment of promises made by sitting presidents and test them on an emerging presidential democracy in Latin America. With information on the 951 pledges made by presidents of Chile in annual state of nation addresses (1990–2017), we show that presidents fulfill fewer promises made in their last year, and when they have lower approval, but their seat share support in the legislature does not impact promise fulfillment. Presidents fulfill more promises when the economic conditions are adverse, and in areas where their political parties have issue ownership. Promises from the throne respond to a different logic than campaign promises. Presidents care about the promises they make and seek to fulfill some of them, but they also make unfulfillable promises to please their hardcore base.

A Concise Theology of the New Testament by Frank J. Matera

Reviewed by: A Concise Theology of the New Testament by Frank J. Matera Craig L. Blomberg frank j. matera, A Concise Theology of the New Testament (Biblical Studies from the Catholic Biblical Association 1; Mahwah, NJ: Paulist, 2020). Pp. 120. $19.95. Not every new series seeking "to bridge the gap between the technical exegetical work of the academic community and the educational and pastoral needs of the ecclesial community" (p. ix) would turn to a veteran biblical scholar to write their inaugural volume. The Catholic Biblical Association of America has done precisely that, and they could not have chosen anyone better than Frank Matera, professor emeritus of the Catholic University of America and author already of an excellent full-length volume of NT theology. Matera's introduction surveys the main approaches to his task, wisely opting for one that considers historical, theological, literary, and canonical dimensions; that highlights both unity and diversity; and that proceeds book by book or corpus by corpus. Successive chapters treat the Synoptic tradition, subdivided by evangelist (including Acts with Luke); the Gospel of John, subdivided by topic; the Pauline tradition, subdivided into the early letters (1–2 Thessalonians), the great letters (1–2 Corinthians, Galatians, and Romans), the letters from prison, and the Pastorals; and diverse traditions, dealing with all the remaining letters and Revelation. M. is well aware of those works with questionable authenticity but treats all of the Paulines together because he is studying their canonical form. For that reason, he also observes the promise–fulfillment schema of the two testaments together. Readers familiar with the dominant and distinctive themes of each section of the NT will find few surprises here, but rather a solid, reliable guide. Generally, M. prefers to select a small number of key themes for each book or author and explain them clearly, without trying to deal with the longer lists of topics typically found in a larger work of this genre. But his themes are always well chosen. For example, under Mark he deals with "the gospel of the kingdom, the identity of Jesus, and the call to discipleship" (p. 17). For John's Gospel, he treats the word made flesh, God sending the Son into the world, and a trio of smaller central topics: the world, the Jews, and the disciples. Section and chapter summaries prove remarkably clear and succinct, for example, under Mark's christology: "Jesus the Son of God, the Messiah, is the suffering Son of Man whom God vindicates by raising him from the dead" (p. 20). Sometimes one could wish for an ever-so-brief rehearsal of other key themes and passages. As central as christology and righteousness are to Matthew, and as telling for those themes as are the infancy narrative and the Sermon on the Mount, respectively, might we [End Page 142] have an idea of key contents and themes in the rest of the book? The other major sermons are presented but nothing else. Or, later, in a two-page summary of Hebrews, M. presents the letter's christology, with priesthood and sacrifice at the heart of Christ's person and work. But what about the vexed question of apostasy and loss of salvation? Numerous similar questions could be posed. Dealing with Paul in a brief primer creates perhaps the biggest challenge of all. Certainly, it makes sense to treat the Thessalonian letters together, on the resurrection and parousia; Galatians and Romans as a pair, on justification and God's saving righteousness; Ephesians and Colossians, unpacking Christ and the church; and the Pastorals. But are the two Corinthian letters really that theologically akin to Galatians and Romans? Or do Philippians and Philemon belong that much with the other two letters from prison? If one dates Galatians late, the groupings nicely correspond to chronology as well, but what if one dates it early? Matera's treatment of the NT's unity overlaps with some systematic treatment, for which he expresses appreciation, with "in Christ" unifying everything: "God in Christ," "Humanity in Christ," "Community in Christ," "Life in Christ," and "All Things in Christ." The short conclusion adds reflections on how NT theology can enrich the life of the church. "God...

Which Promises Actually Matter? Election Pledge Centrality and Promissory Representation

Parties make hundreds of campaign promises but not all are seen by voters as central to a party’s offering. Studies of government promise fulfillment accept that not all promises are equivalent but in practice treat all promises equally because they lack an appropriate means of measuring promise centrality. To demonstrate the importance of accounting for pledge fulfillment, we develop a conjoint experiment method to measure public opinion about promise centrality which can be used to construct centrality weights. We demonstrate this approach’s utility by examining the 2017 UK Conservative manifesto. Centrality weighting reduces our assessment of Conservative promise keeping by 21 percentage points (1.3 standard deviations of typical promise-completion rates found in comparative studies). Weighting increases the centrality of EU promises sevenfold and immigration promises sixfold, and reduces the centrality of miscellaneous administrative promises by more than half. These results illustrate that pledge centrality cannot be ignored when assessing pledge fulfillment.

Resources Allocation in Service Planning Using Discrete-Event Simulation

Objective: Calculate the required personnel and resources needed to fulfill the service promise agreed with the customer. Methods and materials: This paper presents a discrete event simulation (DES) model developed to select and implement a Point of Sale (POS) for a company providing financial products. First, the paper shows the characterization of the system components and times per process. Then, hypothesis testing and goodness-of-fit statistics are estimated. Subsequently, the simulation scenarios assess the times between arrivals and the number of commercial advisers. Results and discussion: This model allows us to assess the allocation of resources to fulfill the service promise, which is that 80 % of customers must be served within one hour or less. This paper provided the service isoquants allowing us to observe the behavior of the performance metrics (service promise fulfillment) among different scenarios. Conclusions: The use of DES techniques allows for the evaluation of the assignment of personnel to achieve the fulfillment of the service promise, including facilities, equipment, and the evaluation of related processes. These methods can be extended to the analysis of resource allocation in the development of other processes, observing the relationship between service quality and operating costs.

Semantics of the Word's Manifestation in the Holy Quran

The analysis of the word's manifestation in the Qur'an is carefully related to the words co-root, cohabitant and substitute that the present article deals with. This research is a library and the research method in this writing is descriptive-analytical. The origin of the manifestation of "appearance" means the obvious versus the hidden, and the manifestation is the creation of this appearance. Examining this point becomes clearer in the combination of "Rasool", "Al-Din", "Atfa '" and "Itamam" with the word "Izhar". The expression of religion is a duty led by the "Messenger of Religion" who is the Caliph of God. comes . Fulfillment of God's promise "liyuzhirah ealay alddyn kulluhu" [By the completion of the divine light is the responsibility of the followers of the Prophet. The supremacy of the divine law is such that although it may sometimes be an apparent victory sometimes with the front of disbelief, the true and lasting dignity and wisdom will be from that dear sage, which is evident from the relationship between manifestation and "domination" and "hegemony". It draws the attention of Muslims to the necessity that the duty of "revealing the religion" means conveying the hegemony and strengthening of the religion for its transcendent content.

Do governments keep their promises? An analysis of speeches from the throne

AbstractPolitical parties regularly make promises to the public about what they hope to accomplish if and when they are elected to office. Once in office, the winning party, usually via the executive branch, announces its agenda by delivering a “speech from the throne” or a “state of the union/nation” address in the legislature. To what extent are governments able to fulfill the promises they make in these speeches? To answer this question, we investigate the impact of three structural constraints on promise fulfillment over time—procedural (e.g., majority vs. minority configurations); informational (e.g., new vs. incumbent governments); and economic (economic recession)—using an original dataset drawn from Canadian speeches from the throne between 1962 and 2013. Our findings, which both challenge and confirm the findings of existing literature on promise fulfillment, suggest that only procedural and economic constraints matter.

You care about me, but can I count on you? Applying a psychological contract perspective to investigate what makes employees willing to be internally employable

For this study, we adopted a psychological contract-based perspective to investigate whether the fulfillment of perceived developmental promises made to employees is positively related to their willingness to accept internal job-related changes when needed by the organization, a construct we refer to as the willingness to be internally employable. We also examined the role played by line managers in facilitating employees’ willingness to be internally employable by fulfilling perceived developmental promises. We tested our conceptual model with data collected from ninety-eight recently hired employees in a Norwegian organization under an initiative emphasizing employee development. We found that developmental promise fulfillment is more important for employees’ willingness to be internally employable in this context than any perceived provision of developmental inducements in isolation. Further, we found that employee perceptions of the developmental support provided by their line manager related positively to their willingness to be internally employable by way of developmental promise fulfillment; however, this was not the case with perceived developmental inducements. Our findings support the importance of developmental promise fulfillment in fostering employee willingness to be internally employable and the critical role played by line managers in fulfilling developmental promises that employees believe have been made by their organization.

„A Słowo stało się ciałem” (J 1,14) – Mesjasz mostem dialogu między Bogiem i człowiekiem?

„And the word became flesh”. The Messiah as a bridge of dialogue between God and man The relationship of God and man was destroyed by sin. God does not leave people without hope. He promises help. Through ages he sent out his prophets to keep the hope of Messiah. Some of the first messianic prophecies seem to be especially interesting. We can see the longing for the lost safety, for paradise. They seem to be very human related. God’s fulfillment of this promise does not omit people’s desires and needs, it exceeds them. The goal of Messiah is not only to bring people the perfect relationship with God, it is to take it to a higher level. God, who became a human in the person of Messiah, is closer to man in as never before. Relacja Boga z człowiekiem została zniszczona przez grzech. Bóg jednak nie zostawia człowieka bez nadziei. Obiecuje pomoc. Przez wieki wysyła swoich proroków, by podtrzymywali nadzieję na nadejście Mesjasza. Pierwsze z mesjańskich proroctw wydają się być szczególnie interesujące. Przebija przez nie ludzka tęsknota za utraconym poczuciem bezpieczeństwa, za rajem. Zdają się być one najbardziej ludzkie. Boskie wypełnienie obietnicy nie pomija ludzkich pragnień, ale je przekracza. Dzieło, które ma do wykonania Mesjasz, to nie tylko przywrócenie człowiekowi rajskiej relacji z Bogiem, ale także wyniesienie jej na wyższy poziom. Bóg, który stał się człowiekiem w osobie Mesjasza, jest tak blisko człowieka, jak nigdy dotąd.

Teams promise but do not deliver

Individuals and two-person teams play a hidden-action trust game with pre-play communication. We replicate previous results for individuals that non-binding promises increase cooperation rates, but this does not extend to teams. While teams promise to cooperate at the same rate as individuals, they consistently renege on those promises. Additional treatments begin to explore the basis for team behavior. We rule out explanations hypothesizing that concern for partner's payoff drives team outcomes, as absent within-team communication, promise fulfillment rates increase compared to individuals. Rather, the results are consistent with the idea that communication between teammates provides support for self-serving behavior.

Searching for panacea to management ills: Trust models revisited

This is a literature-based paper addressing a few trust models and studies. Trust is a multi-disciplinary subject occupying a pivotal position in the academic and corporate worlds. Many researchers have examined its impacts on various organisational issues. The impact of trust is much context specific. Some researchers have identified the factors of perceived trustworthiness as capability, benevolence and integrity. It reveals that competence, openness, concern and reliability are the dimensions of trust. Availability, competence, consistency, discreetness, fairness, integrity, loyalty, openness, promise fulfilment and receptivity are the ten conditions of trust, identified by the researchers. Some trust models find that high trust reduces competitive behaviour among the individuals and the organisations. Trust failure involves huge penalties to the organisations. Researchers agree that trust is a strong monitoring tool and it reduces expenditures, and leads to higher productivity. Future researchers may empirically examine various trust dimensions and models in various contexts. Keywords: Trust, trust models/studies, fairness

Did the minority Gillard government keep its promises? A study of promissory representation in Australia

ABSTRACTWhen the Gillard government formed a minority government in 2010 many commentators argued that the government would be unable to fulfil its mandate. Despite this, the Gillard government was able to pass a record amount of legislation – comparable to previous majority-led governments – suggesting the government was effective at negotiating legislative passage. Less understood is whether the Gillard government was able to keep its election promises given the constraints of minority government. This is an important empirical and normative question. In their most basic form elections are designed to allow the public to hold politicians and political parties to account for their past performance. Central to this is whether parties have fulfilled the promises they made at the previous election. But how do parties express election promises to citizens and are they likely to fulfil these promises? Does minority government status make a difference? We examine these questions in the first contemporary Australian study of promise fulfilment, examining promises made and promise fulfilment of the Gillard minority government (2010–2013). We adopt the methods of the Comparative Party Pledges Project (CPPP). Consistent with the international literature, we find that the Gillard government fulfilled most of its election promises suggesting minority government status did not have a large effect on promise fulfilment.

Commitment to pay taxes: Results from field and laboratory experiments

A tax authority's ability to successfully collect taxes depends on its relationship with the taxpayers as well as their commitment to contribute to the common good. In this paper, we examine the effect of promises on tax compliance aimed at fostering taxpayer commitment. First, in a field experiment, we investigate whether tax compliance changes when taxpayers make a formal promise to pay their taxes on time with compliance rewarded by entry into a lottery for either a financial or nonfinancial (in-kind) reward. We then complement this analysis with a laboratory experiment in which we measure the effect of promises in the different compliance domain of tax honesty and contrast the effect of a pure promise to pay with schemes that pair the promise with a reward offer. We find that taxpayers with a history of compliance or high scores on tax morale are more likely to make the promise, but solely offering the possibility to make a promise does not lead to a change in compliance behavior. Whether or not compliance improves depends on the type of reward to which the promise is linked. In our experimental analyses, for example, compliance only increases if the reward for promise fulfillment is nonfinancial.

‘Is Anything Too Hard for Yahweh?’: Fulfillment of Promise and Threat in Genesis 18–19

The Yahwist's narrative in Gen. 18.1–16, 20–22a, 33b, and 19.1–27a, 28 focuses on a single theological concern, namely, the power of Yahweh to fulfill the promise of a son for Sarah and Abraham. In the annunciation scene, the deity himself articulates this issue: ‘Is anything too hard for Yahweh?’ The Sodom tale suggests a negative answer—nothing is too hard for Yahweh—by demonstrating the power of Yahweh to fulfill a threat of destruction. The theological reasoning of the Yahwist who joined the Mamre and Sodom episodes is close, though not identical, to the thought of the exilic and post-exilic texts in Jeremiah 32 and Zechariah 7–8.

A House in Karachi

A House in Karachi Rafia Zakaria (bio) Click for larger view View full resolution It sits on a hill—a fact that does not, in most places, distinguish a house as anything beyond ordinary. But it does in Karachi, which is in large part a flat city, squat and sprawling and a bit surly on the edge of the Indian Ocean. There are so few hills here that a house on a hill can only been found in two or three locales. But this is a special house for more than just the gradient of its setting—it is the home of my grandparents, the site of more laughter and the cause of more tears than any other my life. When the house was built, two similar but not identical others were built on either side, the homes of two of my grandfather's brothers. Three out of seven sons of my great grandparents, all living on the same street, the same hill. To get to the house, one has to ascend a steep driveway, a feat as odd for drivers in this flat city as encountering a snowstorm in the desert. When my mother drove, she relished the moment and our gasping delight. Would we make it? Would the car slip back, the blunder of a lower gear? We always got to the top, and from the head of the driveway we raced through the back entrance and past the large wooden cage [End Page 111] of parakeets and up the kitchen stairs and into the arms of an aunt and then another aunt and then my grandmother. Up we climbed, to lunch, which we ate early and they ate late, or to tea, which my grandmother sweetened with generous teaspoons of condensed milk. If we were good, and sometimes even if we weren't, we got to lick the spoons. The house was midcentury modern with three floors and wraparound decks. It was very nearly palatial, an adjective that was apt for unusual reasons. My grandmother had, quite literally, grown up in a palace. It was a palace in exile, but still … a palace. Her parents had been part of the retinue of the Aga Khan, the last of the Iranian Qajar dynasty, which had to flee Iran for Bombay in the 1920s when she was a child. In a story that was top-secret, and which I only pieced together many years later, she had eloped to marry my grandfather, an ordinary man from an equally ordinary straitlaced and middle-class Indian Muslim family. Before this house, my grandparents had lived in many others, all of them cramped or in distant suburbs, or old and crumbling, or all of the above. This house was the fulfillment of a young bridegroom's promise, the return to his bride of the life she had left for him. On either side lived her brothers-in-law, men who had for a very long time refused to accept her into the family, now unable to turn their faces away from the woman they had blamed for "stealing" their brother. The bond between my grandparents, their love marriage, would set the course for the marriages of all their daughters and at least one of their granddaughters, me. Because my mother had run off, the shadow of moral laxity—of headstrong independence, of an errant nature—hung over the house. My own story would be a bit different, but its opening scenes would also play out in the house on the hill. Behind and to the side of the house was a terraced garden, which began with a plush lawn bordered by rose and jasmine bushes. The blooms, whose heady scent punctuates my earliest memories, were resplendent, two or even three shades in a single flower's petals, pink and yellow and cream and burgundy. If you climbed up the stone steps hewn in the hillside you came to a vegetable garden: rows of the hottest peppers, okra, and the curry leaves whose fronds we picked and whose strong and spicy smells emanated from nearly everything my grandmother cooked. The higher terraces beyond were off-limits to us, unless an adult accompanied us...