Prolonged Immersion Time Research Articles

Insights into the Corrosion Inhibition Performance of Plant Extracts of Different Genera in the Asteraceae Family for Q235 Steel in H2SO4 Medium.

Nowadays, the development of plant extracts as corrosion inhibitors to protect metals from corrosion is a popular research direction. However, given the vast diversity of plant species in nature, it is imperative to explore effective methods to improve screening efficiency in order to quickly identify the corrosion inhibition potential of plants. In this work, a new strategy for developing plant-extracted eco-friendly corrosion inhibitors based on the family and genus of plants is proposed. Three plants of different genera in the Asteraceae family, including Artemisia argyi extract (AAE), Chrysanthemum indicum extract (CIE), and Centipeda minima extract (CME), were selected and successfully prepared as novel corrosion inhibitors for Q235 steel in a sulfuric acid solution. The corrosion inhibition behavior and corresponding mechanism were systematically investigated by using some electrochemical tests (open circuit potential, potentiodynamic polarization, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy) and surface characterizations (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy). The experimental results illustrated that the main components of the three extracts were similar and that when combined with KI as mixed-type corrosion inhibitors, they could dramatically slow down the metal corrosion rate. The maximum value of the corrosion inhibition efficiency reached 96.29%, 96.50%, and 97.52%, respectively, at 200 mg/L and could increase to 98.64%, 97.65%, and 99.06%, respectively, with a prolonged immersion time. A synergistic effect exists between the three plant extracts and KI, leading to the firm adsorption of the three plant extract molecules onto a Q235 steel surface, thereby forming a robust protective film. This work demonstrated that plants of different genera in the Asteraceae family possessed similar corrosion inhibition capabilities, providing a novel way to select potential corrosion inhibitors from numerous plants based on family and genus classification.

Biodegradable zinc alloys with high strength and suitable mechanical integrity as bone repair metals

Mechanical properties and integrity of biodegradable Zn alloys during degradation holds significant importance. In this study, a Zn-Mg-Mn alloy with tensile strength of 414 MPa and an elongation of 26% was developed. The strength contributions of as-extruded Zn alloy from grain boundary strengthening, precipitation strengthening, and second phase strengthening. Degradation of the Zn alloy in Hank’s solution exhibited a decreasing trend with prolonged immersion, eventually stabilizing at 16 μm/year. Corrosion morphology analysis revealed that the corrosion modes transformed from pitting corrosion to severely localized corrosion with prolonged immersion time, eventually lead to formation of large holes. Although the tensile strength of the Zn alloys remained relatively unchanged following varied immersion time, a substantial decrease in elongation was observed. The decreased elongation primarily attributed to the formation of surface corrosion pits or holes, exacerbating crack propagation during tension. Biocompatibility assessments of Zn alloys demonstrated that a 50% concentration of Zn alloy leach solution cultured with C3H10 and RMSC cells yielded cellular activity exceeding 80%, indicating excellent cytocompatibility. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and alizarin red staining results further underscored the remarkable early and late osteogenic properties exhibited by Zn-Mg-Mn alloy.

Insights into the corrosion inhibition performance of essential oil of Teucrium luteum subsp. flavovirens for carbon steel in 1.0 M HCl medium: experimental and theoretical evaluations

The objective of this research work was to assess Teucrium luteum subsp. flavovirens essential oil (EOTL), for the first time, as novel and eco-friendly corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel (CS) in 1.0 M HCl medium. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) and surface analysis were employed to assess the effectiveness of the EOTL. The findings indicate that the EOTL reduces the corrosion of CS in hydrochloric acid and offered an inhibition efficiency (IE) of 91% at a dosage of 2.00 g/L at 298 K. The PDP data showed that EOTL behaved as a mixed-type corrosion inhibitor. The effect of immersion time and temperature on the corrosion inhibition performance of EOTL was also studied. It was found that the IE increased only up to 24 h and decreased with prolonged immersion time. In addition, the IE diminished with increasing temperature. The EOTL molecules adsorbed on the CS surface following Langmuir adsorption isotherm, with an adsorption energy ranging from −16 to −27 kJ/mol, an indication of physico-chemical adsorption mechanisms. The SEM/EDX results provide evidence of the presence of a protective film of the inhibitor on the surface of the CS. Theoretical studies using DFT, Monte Carlo simulations, molecular dynamics simulations and mean square displacement were conducted to given insight into the contributions of the four main components of EOTL. This work not only introduces a sustainable alternative to conventional corrosion inhibitors but also provides a robust understanding of the underlying mechanisms, hence contributing to advancement in corrosion science.

Electrochemical noise characterization of corrosion behavior for NiCrAl-NiC coating

The electrochemical noise analysis (including frequency domain and wavelet analyses) method is used to characterize the corrosion behavior of NiCrAl-NiC Abradable Seal Coating (ASC) at different immersion times. By converting EN data to frequency domain analysis, the slope (k values) of current power spectral density (PSD) curves of NiCrAl-NiC ASC increases with prolonged immersion time, suggesting a transition from localized corrosion to pitting. Wavelet analysis results indicate that the D7-D8 detail coefficients control the wavelet energy throughout the immersion process, and with increasing immersion time, the electrochemical activity on the NiCrAl-NiC ASC surface decreases. The electrochemical noise analysis can effectively explain the corrosion behaviors of NiCrAl-NiC ASC.

Comparison of thermogravimetry response of alkali-activated slag and Portland cement pastes after stopping their hydration using solvent exchange method

AbstractThe critical step for any subsequent instrumental analysis of cementitious binders is to stop their hydration reactions, i.e., to remove free water. One of the most available techniques is a solvent exchange method. However, the solvents are known to be strongly bound in ordinary Portland cement (OPC) paste and alter the results of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and sensitive hydrates, while their effect on TGA response of alkali-activated slag (AAS) has not been comprehensively investigated. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to track the effects of fundamental aspects of the solvent exchange on the TGA response of AAS with different sodium activators (hydroxide, carbonate, waterglass) and to support these results by X-ray diffraction and effluent gas analysis. All solvents used (acetone, diethyl ether, isopropyl alcohol, ethanol, and methanol) affected the TGA response of all tested pastes, and their effect was enhanced by prolonged immersion time. All solvents induced an additional mass loss at around 800 °C and, especially for OPC paste, increased in situ carbonation, even in an inert atmosphere. Methanol and ethanol had a detrimental effect on ettringite and decreased the basal distance of the C–(A)–S–H gel, while they only marginally affected gaylussite. For AAS, hydration stoppage by washing out the alkali-rich pore solution with water was also investigated and can usually be recommended (except for its detrimental effect on gaylussite), as it is more efficient than organic solvents, which lack solubility for activators. Methanol and ethanol are the most suitable alternatives, particularly for NaOH.

Effect of Sulphurization Process on Vitamin, Phytosterol and Fatty Acid Levels of Some Apricot Cultivars Grown in Turkiye

Two kinds of fresh apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) samples were sulphurized in various concentrations of sodium metabisulfite solution at different immersion times. The sulphur contents in fresh apricot samples and in the apricot samples dried in open air for a week were determined as a function of immersion time. Variations of vitamins of K1, D2, E and phytosterols were determined as a function of sulphur content of two kinds of fresh apricot samples. It was observed that amount of vitamins of K1, D2 and E decreased with increasing concentrations of sodium metabisulfite solution and prolonging immersion time. Moreover, it was observed that there was no regular relationship between sulfur content and phytosterol changes in both apricot samples. While fatty acids such as palmitic acid, myristic acid and oleic acid were determined in all apricot samples, the palmitoleic acid, stearic acid and arachidonic acid were encountered in some samples.

Disintegration Characteristics of Highly Weathered Granite under the Influence of Scouring

In South China, due to climatic factors, highly weathered granite is distributed across a large area and easily disintegrates after encountering water, causing many geological disasters and other problems. To determine the disintegration mechanism of highly weathered granite in South China, disintegration tests were carried out on highly weathered granite in the Fuzhou area under different immersion durations, cycle times, and flow rates, with the help of a self-designed disintegration test device. Moreover, the disintegration mechanism of the highly weathered granite was revealed using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technology. The results demonstrated an increase in the cumulative relative disintegration with prolonged immersion time and the number of dry-wet cycles. Beyond a certain flow rate, the cumulative relative disintegration amount stabilized. There was a strong correlation between the steady disintegration rate and immersion time (or dry-wet cycles). The disintegration process of the highly weathered granite was divided into three stages: rapid, moderate, and stable disintegration. Notably, disintegration primarily occurred around the large pores. This study revealed that the variation in the immersion time (or wet-dry-scouring cycles) was fundamentally linked to changes in the relative volume of the large pores in the rock samples. These findings provide valuable insights for predicting and mitigating surface disasters on highly weathered granite slopes.

Mechanical properties, corrosion and degradation behaviors, and in vitro cytocompatibility of a biodegradable Zn-5La alloy for bone-implant applications.

Zinc (Zn) and its alloys are used in bone-fixation devices as biodegradable bone-implant materials due to their good biosafety, biological function, biodegradability, and formability. Unfortunately, the clinical application of pure Zn is hindered by its insufficient mechanical properties and slow degradation rate. In this study, a Zn-5 wt.% lanthanum (Zn-5La) alloy with enhanced mechanical properties, suitable degradation rate, and cytocompatibility was developed through La alloying and hot extrusion. The hot-extruded (HE) Zn-5La alloy showed ultimate tensile strength of 286.3MPa, tensile yield strength of 139.7MPa, elongation of 35.7%, compressive yield strength of 262.7MPa, and microhardness of 109.7 HV. The corrosion resistance of the HE Zn-5La in Hanks' and Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium (DMEM) solutions gradually increased with prolonged immersion time. Further, the HE Zn-5La exhibited an electrochemical corrosion rate of 36.7μm/y in Hanks' solution and 11.4μm/y in DMEM solution, and a degradation rate of 49.5μm/y in Hanks' solution and 30.3μm/y in DMEM solution, after 30 d of immersion. The corrosion resistance of both HE Zn and Zn-5La in DMEM solution was higher than in Hanks' solution. The 25% concentration extract of the HE Zn-5La showed a cell viability of 106.5%, indicating no cytotoxicity toward MG-63 cells. We recommend the HE Zn-5La alloy as a promising candidate material for biodegradable bone-implant applications. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This work reports the mechanical properties, corrosion and degradation behaviors, in vitro cytocompatibility and antibacterial ability of biodegradable Zn-5La alloy for bone-implant applications. Our findings demonstrate that the hot-extruded (HE) Zn-5La alloy showed an ultimate tensile strength of 286.3MPa, a yield strength of 139.7MPa, an elongation of 35.7%, compressive yield strength of 262.7MPa, and microhardness of 109.7 HV. HE Zn-5La exhibited appropriate degradation rates in Hanks' and DMEM solutions. Furthermore, the HE Zn-5La alloy showed good cytocompatibility toward MG-63 and MC3T3-E1 cells and greater antibacterial ability against S. aureus.

Corrosion inhibition behaviour of synthetic 2-(phenylsulphonamido)-3-methylbutanoic acid on mild steel in alkaline solution

The corrosion inhibiting behaviour of synthetic 2-(phenylsulphonamido)-3-methylbutanoic acid (PSMBA) on mild steel in the presence of 0.1 M KOH was investigated using combined gravimetric, electrochemical and theoretical simulation corrosion monitoring methods. The gravimetric data showed that the inhibitor effectively protected the metal from alkaline corrosion and that the inhibition ability depended on concentration increase and reduced gradually with prolonged immersion time. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy results show that the charge transfer resistance increased with the addition of the inhibitor while potentiodynamic polarization results showed that the corrosion current density decreased upon the addition of the inhibitor, theoretical simulation results revealed a low and comparable energy gap between the LUMO and HOMO energies. All these showed that 2-(phenylsulphonamido)-3-methylbutanoic acid functioned as a good corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in alkaline medium.

Characterization and in vitro bioactivity analysis of apatite growth on modified calcium borate silicate ceramic

Bioactive glasses are considered biocompatible materials that form a hydroxyapatite-like layer on the surface that allows strong adhesion to soft and hard tissues. This study aims to develop a method to fabricate a borate silicate ceramic biomaterial with a chemical composition of Ca11Si4B2O22 using sodium metaborate (NaBO2) as a flux. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy energy distribution spectrometer (SEM-EDS), and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) were used to analyze the structure, surface composition and chemical bonding of the bioactive borate silicate. In addition, the pH measurements and biodegradability behavior of the fabricated glass structures were investigated after immersion in simulated body fluid for 2, 7, 14, and 21 days, respectively. The results showed that the glass-ceramic structure, which was transferred from the crystalline phase Ca11Si4B2O22 to a hydroxyapatite phase after incubation, started on the second day. In addition, the formed hydroxyapatite crystals developed due to the prolonged immersion time, reflecting biodegradable behavior. The antimicrobial activity of the prepared ceramic showed high inhibitory activity against Enterococcus faecalis and Streptococcus mutans.

Microstructural evolution and phase-dependent corrosion of Si3N4/316L joints using AgCuTi/Ag composite fiols

The microstructure evolution of Si3N4/316 L joint brazed with AgCuTi/Ag composite filler is investigated, and the typical microstructure of Si3N4/316 L joint is Si3N4/TiN+Ti5Si3/Ag-rich/Cu-rich+Fe2Ti, NiTi+Ag-rich+Fe-rich/316 L. Further research on the corrosion resistance of the joint is warranted to build the relationship between microstructure and corrosion behavior. It is noteworthy that corrosion behavior is more likely to occur at the interface of seam/316 L by SEM analysis. The residual stress on the 316 L substrate is also concentrated on this region, playing an important catalytic role in corrosion behavior. The joint presents a shear strength of 100 MPa and excellent corrosion resistance when it is brazed at 900°C for 15 min. Moreover, the diffusion kinetic process of Fe element in the interface of filler/316 L is studied based on the Boltzmann-Matano model, and the activation energy is obtained for about 468 kJ/mol. Although the addition of the Ag layer into the seam decreases the non-corrodibility of the 316 L substrate, however, the non-corrodibility of the joint is improved by transforming galvanic corrosion to uniform corrosion with the prolonged immersion time.

Microstructure Characteristics and Corrosion Behavior of Low‐Alloy High‐Strength Steel used for Armor Layer under Exposure to H2S‐Saturated Solution

The corrosion behavior of low‐alloy steel exposed to saturated H2S solution is systematically studied using electron backscattered diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and electron probe microanalysis. The experimental results suggest that the corrosion rate decreases with prolonged immersion time because more corrosion products are formed on the steel surface. The corrosion products consist of mackinawite, greigite, and molybdenite regardless of the corrosion time. The structure of the corrosion products transforms from a single layer into two layers with increasing corrosion time. The Cr content in the corrosion products is similar to that in the steel substrate. The corrosion products are rich in molybdenum owing to the formation of molybdenite.

Durability degradation of tunnel-lining-shotcrete exposed to nitric acid: Neutralization and nitrate ion migration

The tunnel-lining-shotcrete, in the long highway tunnel, was usually neutralization jeopardized by NxOy attack caused by automobile exhaust. To investigate the neutralization process of lining shotcrete, the nitrate acid solution, simulated NxOy gas, with the pH value of 1, 2 and 3 were used as aggressive medium. Meanwhile, the pH value and nitrate ion content in shotcrete neutralization zone were measured using potentiometry method. After that, the composition and relative content of mineral phases and microstructure were charactered via X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric-differential thermal scanning (TG-DSC) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). With increased of the hydrogen ion concentration on nitric acid solution, the pH value and nitrate ion content in neutralization zone were decreased and increased respectively. Meanwhile, those of shotcrete were higher and smaller than those of normal concrete. The loss rate of weight, relative compressive and splitting tensile strength of shotcrete was lower than that of normal concrete as the pH value of 1, while that of shotcrete was higher when the nitric acid pH value of 2 and 3. The neutralization process of nitric acid-exposed-shotcrete was divided into three stages, namely, neutralization reaction, hydration product decomposition, and concrete surface spalling off. The pH value of concrete declined, whereas nitrate ion content in the neutralization zone increased with prolonged immersion time. Moreover, the maximum depth of nitrate ion content was deeper. The yellow-white spongy corrosion product layer formed and covered the specimen surface. Additionally, crisscross macro-cracks appeared on the concrete specimen surface, which caused large amount of aggregates was peeled off.

Experimental Study on Spontaneous Combustion Characteristics of Large Coal Particles after Soaking.

The spontaneous combustion of coal is affected by many factors, among which the influence of water is significant and complicated. To explore the influence of water on the spontaneous combustion characteristics of goaf residual coal, coal samples with similar particle size distributions to those of goaf residual coal were prepared. After the coal samples were immersed in water for 7–21 days and the external flowing water was drained, spontaneous combustion experiments were carried out using a temperature-programmed method. The results showed that soaking in water could promote and inhibit the spontaneous oxidative combustion of large coal particles in different temperature ranges. When the coal temperature was below 50 °C, water immersion had a significant inhibition effect on coal oxidation and spontaneous combustion. When the temperature of coal was 50–110 °C, soaking in water for 7 days could promote the oxidation and spontaneous combustion of coal. However, soaking for 14 and 21 days had a significant inhibition effect in this temperature range. When the coal temperature was higher than 110 °C, water immersion had a significant inhibition effect on the coal. Moreover, a prolonged immersion time significantly enhanced the inhibition effect. When the immersion time was less than 21 days, the spontaneous combustion of large coal particles by short-term soaking was mainly inhibited.

Role of Simulated Body Fluid in Biofilm Formation and Growth on a Polycarbonate Material

Bacteria form biofilms to facilitate colonization, and biofilm formation on polymeric medical devices is a common cause of hospital-acquired infection. Simulated body fluid (SBF) is a supersaturated calcium-phosphate solution with ionic composition nearly equal to that of human blood plasma, and has been used to test the bioactivity of materials. The purpose of this work was to understand whether SBF influenced surface structure on bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation on polycarbonate, a polymer commonly used in medical devices. In this study, polycarbonate coupons were immersed in a SBF solution at 37 oC for 7 and 14 days and air-dried for 30 minutes, and compared with deionized water immersion. Colony biofilms of P. aeruginosa were then investigated by growing bacteria on top surface of immersed coupons for 24 and 48 hours, and observed by the quantitative assay (areal cell density) and visualized using a field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). Results stated that a prolonged immersion time of coupons in deionized water enhanced biofilm growth. Immersion in SBF for a period of 14 days showed a significant reduction in the viability following 24 hours of incubation compared to that in deionized water incubated for 48 hours. FESEM further demonstrated that P. aeruginosa had a tendency to form biofilm on a polycarbonate substrate, and was able to develop biofilms on both the SBF and deionized water. Significant cell clusters and bacterial adhesion was observed at 48-hour incubation. These insights can potentially assist in the establishment of infection and colonization of this opportunistic pathogen, and will aid the development of strategies to prevent biofilm formation.

Stain Susceptibility of 3D-Printed Nanohybrid Composite Restorative Material and the Efficacy of Different Stain Removal Techniques: An In Vitro Study.

Recent burgeoning development in material science has introduced a 3D-printable, nanohybrid composite resin restorative material. However, its performance has not yet been investigated. This study evaluates the stain susceptibility and efficacy of different stain removal techniques. A total of 120 labial veneers were fabricated using milling (n = 60) and SLA 3D-printing (n = 60). Based on the immersion media: coffee, tea and artificial saliva, each group was divided into three sub-groups (n = 20). Stain susceptibility was evaluated by calculating color difference (∆E00) at 12 and 24 days using a spectrophotometer against black and white backgrounds. Collected data were analyzed with ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc test (p < 0.05). A significant interaction effect was found between the staining mediums and fabrication methods in both black and white backgrounds (p < 0.001). 3D-printed restorations showed significantly higher stain susceptibility than milled restorations (p < 0.001). Prolonged immersion time increased the color difference in both groups. In-office bleaching was more effective in stain removal in both 3D-printed and milled restoration groups. The susceptibility of the presented novel 3D-printed restorative material to color changes in different immersion mediums was clinically not-acceptable. The clinicians might expect the need to replace the restoration after 1–2 years and thus, recommendation for the use of such a material as a permanent restoration cannot be made but rather as a long-term temporary restoration.

Insight into the Role of Cerium (III) Addition to a MgAl-LDH Coating on AA6082

In this work, Ce doped MgAl-LDHs layers have been developed through an in-situ synthesis method on 6082 aluminum surface. The aim was to gain mechanistic insight into the role of Ce(III) as an active corrosion inhibitor embedded in the LDHs layer. The development of the LDH structure was verified by checking the presence of the characteristic XRD peaks, the platelet morphology (evaluated by SEM-EDXS) and the functional groups (by FTIR-ATR analyses). The same techniques were employed to assess the effect of a prolonged immersion time in 0.1 NaCl on the Ce doped MgAl-LDH coatings. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was employed to monitor the evolution of the electrochemical properties of the coatings during prolonged immersion in saline solutions. The findings suggest a crystallization/dissolution/precipitation mechanism which implies: (i) the formation of crystalline cerium compounds, such as Ce(OH)3, in the LDH structure during the synthesis; (ii) the dissolution upon exposure to the NaCl solution, thus leading to cerium ions release; (iii) the precipitation of amorphous Ce oxides/hydroxides at the cathodic sites when the metal starts to corrode; (iv), the consequent mitigation of the electrochemical activity of the metal and, thus, the reduction of the extent of corrosion.

Controlling plasticizer migration based on crystal structure and micromorphology in propionylated starch-based food packaging nanocomposites

Migration of additives is an important issue for proper application in food packaging. In this work, propionylated waxy and normal starch-based nanocomposites (PW-N and PN-N) with two different amylopectin content were immersed in distilled water, and structural changes and migration mechanism of plasticizer (triacetin) were discussed in detail. Results showed that when immersion time was prolonged to 150 h, small crystals of PN-N disappeared, and amorphous structures formed gradually in PW-N and PN-N. Exfoliated structures still remained in PW-N with prolonged immersion time, while exfoliated structures gradually formed from intercalated ones in PN-N, and the peak representing d001 (d-spacing) at q = 1.70 nm−1 faded. The migration mechanism of triacetin obeyed the first-order kinetic model and Fick's law; furthermore, in comparison with PW-N, PN-N showed a larger diffusion coefficient (D2 = 12.13 μm2·h−1). These results contributed to expanding the application of starch-based nanocomposites in future environmentally friendly food packaging.

The Role of Nd in Corrosion Properties of Mg-12Gd-2Zn-0.4Zr Alloys

To reveal the effect of Nd addition on corrosion properties of Mg-Gd-Zn-Zr alloys, the corrosion behavior of the as-cast Mg-12Gd-2Zn-xNd-0.4Zr (x = 0, 0.5, and 1 wt.%) alloys was investigated by using immersion and electrochemical measurements. The results show that the addition of Nd apparently refines and homogenizes the microstructure of the alloys. The corrosion resistance of the three alloys is improved in the initial 24 h corrosion process with increasing Nd addition according to hydrogen evolution results, later followed by an acceleration of corrosion with prolonging immersion time. During the 60 h immersion tests, the alloy without the addition of Nd exhibits the best corrosion resistance and the alloy with 0.5 wt.% Nd shows the highest corrosion rate, which are consistent with the electrochemical test results. The refined microstructure and increased fraction of the eutectic phase compromise the corrosion resistance of the alloys with Nd addition.

Effects of Immersion Temperature on the Performance of a Marine Epoxy-Based Organic Coating for Ballast Tanks

The degradation behavior of an actual marine epoxy-based organic coating for ballast tanks immersed in 3.5% NaCl solution at different temperatures was investigated by employing electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and adhesion measurements. Elevated immersion temperature (e.g., 35, 45 and 55 °C) could greatly deteriorate coating protective performance, including barrier properties, wet adhesion strength, water uptake and diffusion, and this effect could become more pronounced with prolonged immersion time. The water diffusion based on water sorption curves was consistent with wet adhesion strength in temperature-dependent performance evaluation of the coating. The water uptake values at the quasi-saturation stage showed the expected temperature dependence when immersion temperature exceeded 35 °C. Breakpoint frequency could also be used for qualitatively evaluating the temperature-dependent and time-varying coating degradation behavior efficiently.