Prolonged Storage Research Articles

Effect of chilled storage period on the volatile organic compounds and bacterial community in goose meat

Storage time is considered to be one of the most important factors affecting the obnoxious odor and microbial spoilage of fresh meat. In this study, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and bacterial community structure of chilled goose meat during storage were investigated. The results showed that numerous VOCs were produced during the fresh goose meat storage, including aldehydes (nonanal, (E)-2-octenal, hexanal, tetradecanal), alcohol (1-octen-3-ol), furan (2-pentylfuran), and carboxylic acids (methyl diethyldithiocarbamate), which might be a breakdown product during spoilage. In addition, there were slight fluctuations in fatty acid profiles and amino acid contents. Furthermore, bacterial community diversity decreased with prolonged storage. Also, Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter were the dominant spoilage bacteria contributing to nonanal and methyl diethyldithiocarbamate generation. Taken together, these data provide insights into the characterization of VOCs and the bacterial community of chilled goose meat, which will help to further control the microbial quality of chilled meat.

Standardization of Technology for Development, Physico-chemical properties, Organoleptic acceptability and Storage of Value Added Kiwi Fruit Squash (Actinidia deliciosa)

A present study was conducted for the development of kiwi fruit squash (Actinidia deliciosa). The study was constituted to evaluate the effect of different treatments on the physico-chemical and organoleptic properties and prolonged storage life of kiwi fruit squash. The experiment was carried out in the Post Harvest Laboratory, Learning Integrated Livelihood Forestry, Agronomy & Rural Management, Ministry of Uttarakhand Dehradun, during the year 2022-24. The experiment was laid out in 2x2 Factorial Randomized Block Design with 3 replications. Based on the statistical analysis, the experiment shows that Bruno variety (V3) performed best in terms of physico-chemical properties viz., TSS, acidity, moisture, vitamin C, and reducing sugar, followed by the Abbott variety (V2). The study indicated that Abbott variety (V2) was most acceptable in terms of organoleptic properties viz., colour & appearance, taste & flavour, texture and overall acceptability, followed by the Hayward variety (V1). On the other hand microbial analysis of the squash shows the stored life which is up to 60 days without any microbial contamination. The squash maintained acceptability for up to 2 months when diluted with water, making it suitable as a refreshing beverage for all age groups.

Low-Temperature Regulates the Cell Structure and Chlorophyll in Addition to Cellulose Metabolism of Postharvest Red Toona sinensis Buds across Different Seasons.

Postharvest fibrosis and greening of Toona sinensis buds significantly affect their quality during storage. This study aimed to clarify the effects of low-temperature storage on postharvest red TSB quality harvested in different seasons. Red TSB samples were collected from Guizhou province, China, 21 days after the beginning of spring (Lichun), summer (Lixia), and autumn (Liqiu), and stored at 4 °C in dark conditions. We compared and analyzed the appearance, microstructure, chlorophyll and cellulose content, and expression levels of related genes across different seasons. The results indicated that TSB harvested in spring had a bright, purple-red color, whereas those harvested in summer and autumn were green. All samples lost water and darkened after 1 day of storage. Severe greening occurred in spring-harvested TSB within 3 days, a phenomenon not observed in summer and autumn samples. Microstructural analysis revealed that the cells in the palisade and spongy tissues of spring and autumn TSB settled closely during storage, while summer TSB cells remained loosely aligned. Xylem cells were smallest in spring-harvested TSB and largest in autumn. Prolonged storage led to thickening of the secondary cell walls and pith cell autolysis in the petioles, enlarging the cavity area. Chlorophyll content was higher in leaves than in petioles, while cellulose content was lower in petioles across all seasons. Both chlorophyll and cellulose content increased with storage time. Gene expression analysis showed season-dependent variations and significant increases in the expression of over half of the chlorophyll-related and cellulose-related genes during refrigeration, correlating with the observed changes in chlorophyll and cellulose content. This research provides valuable insights for improving postharvest storage and freshness preservation strategies for red TSB across different seasons.

Hydroxytyrosol permeability comparisons and strategies to improve hydroxytyrosol stability in formulations

There has been a growing interest in hydroxytyrosol (HT) due to its powerful antioxidant and free-radical scavenging properties when added to formulations such as pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. To study the stability and transdermal properties of hydrogels and creams (HT-based formulations), a high-performance liquid chromatography method was developed for determining HT. In the Franz diffusion cell system, both hydrogel and cream show a rapid and similar penetration profile through the Bama miniature pig skin. However, the Strat-M® membrane exhibits slightly lower permeability and is selective to different formulations; that is, the cream has a permeability value of 10.69%, while the hydrogel has a value of 5.27%. The dynamics parameters from the permeation assays indicate that the model using the Strat-M® membrane can be used as a screening tool to evaluate the skin uptake and permeation efficacy of different formulations. Adding 3-O-ethyl-L-ascorbic acid to HT-based formulations can effectively prevent discoloration under prolonged high-temperature storage, while combining multiple antioxidants delays degradation most effectively. This study provides novel ideas for functional formulation optimization to enhance the realism and reproducibility of cosmetic products containing HT and provides scientific evidence for the production, packaging, shelf life, storage, and transportation of products.

Formation and hydrothermal alteration of a volcanic center: Melt pooling and mass transfers at Langseth Ridge (Gakkel Ridge, Arctic Ocean)

Volcanic centers are characteristic features of ultraslow-spreading mid-ocean ridges, the least-explored parts of the global ridge system. Volcanic centers can provide insights into deep magmatic and metamorphic processes at these ridges. Here, we present data from the largest volcanic center on the Gakkel Ridge, the Langseth Ridge, situated at 60–62°E. Langseth is ∼10 km wide, consisting of three peaks that rise to 585 m water depth, some 3–4 km above the surrounding seafloor. It strikes perpendicular to Gakkel's spreading direction and can be traced for ∼40 km, which translates to an age of ∼8 Myr. Seafloor imaging revealed abundant (pillow) basalt but also fissures and geologic faults across the Langseth Ridge. Basaltic rocks were sampled at all summits and diabase at the slope of the northern summit that dips into the rift valley.Our samples are of normal to depleted mid-ocean ridge basalt composition and exhibit a wide range of major and trace element contents, due to magmatic processes, accumulation of macrocrysts, and hydrothermal alteration. Radiogenic isotope ratios, most notably 143Nd/144Nd and 208Pb/206Pb, trend from typical rift valley compositions to isotopically enriched values with increasing distance to the rift valley. This trend may imply melt pooling from different sources, potentially representing a shift from shallow melting beneath the rift valley to deeper melting of enriched sources and higher degrees of melting underneath Langseth. Mineral compositions and plagioclase sieve textures imply prolonged storage of magma at depth prior to eruption. Hydrothermal alteration occurred over a range of conditions. Basalt from the summits is weakly altered at temperatures ≪100 °C, which likely occurred in situ at the summit sites. Diabase samples experienced chloritization and albitization and display epidote and quartz veins, which formed at >300 °C. These assemblages and temperatures are typical for lower crustal levels and imply uplift of the samples of >1 km. Diabase samples from the Afanasenkov Seamount, another volcanic center on the Gakkel Ridge that we investigated for comparison, were altered under comparable conditions.Our findings suggest a combined volcanic–tectonic origin of the studied volcanic centers, potentially implying that such complexes may generally form due to the interplay of magmatism and tectonics. Researching volcanic centers has the potential to further our understanding of both deep and shallow crustal processes at ultraslow-spreading ridges, providing further insights into the role of these centers as linkages between lithosphere and hydrosphere and the (deep) biosphere they sustain.

Improvement in Performance and Stability of PbS QD/IGZO Phototransistors Through the Introduction of Ga2O3 Film for Broadband Sensor Applications.

The development of broadband photosensors has become crucial in various fields. Indium-gallium-zinc oxide (IGZO, In:Ga:Zn = 1:1:1) phototransistors with PbS quantum dots (QDs) have shown promising features for such sensors, such as reasonable mobility, low leakage current, good photosensitivity, and low-cost fabrication. However, the instability of PbS QD/IGZO phototransistors under an air atmosphere and prolonged storage remain serious concerns. In this article, two concepts to improve the reliability of PbS QD/IGZO phototransistors were implemented. P-type doping in the PbS QD layer through oxidation allows increasing the built-in potential between IGZO and PbS QDs, leading to enhancement in photoinduced electron-hole pair creation. Second, agglomeration and fusion of a PbS QDs layer were controlled via thermal annealing, which facilitated the transport of photocreated carriers. The p-type doping and interconnection of a PbS QD layer can be achieved by deposition and subsequent thermal annealing of gallium oxide (Ga2O3) on PbS QD/IGZO stacks. The resulting Ga2O3/PbS QD/IGZO phototransistors exhibited high-performance switching characteristics under dark conditions. Notably, they showed a remarkable photoresponsivity of 196.69 ± 4.05 A/W and a detectivity of (5.47 ± 1.4) × 1012 Jones even at a long-wavelength illumination of 1550 nm. While the unpassivated PbS/IGZO phototransistor suffered serious degradation in optical performance after 2 weeks of storage, the Ga2O3/PbS QD/IGZO phototransistor demonstrated enhanced stability, maintaining high performance for over 5 weeks. These findings suggest that Ga2O3/PbS QD/IGZO phototransistors offer a feasible approach for the fabrication of large-scale active matrix broadband photosensor arrays, potentially revolutionizing optical sensing in various cutting-edge applications.

P-375 Long-term cryostorage of donor semen does not affect egg donor cycles outcomes

Abstract Study question Does prolonged donor semen cryopreservation impact in success rates of egg donor (ED) IVF cycles? Summary answer Prolonged donor semen cryopreservation does not affect good quality embryos or pregnancy rates in ED-IVF cycles. What is known already Births from cryopreserved semen stored for over 20 years have been documented. In 2004, a case of an IVF birth with semen frozen for 21 years was reported, and in 2005 another case with an IUI birth using semen frozen for 28 years was published. Recently, in 2019, a child born through IVF with semen frozen for over 26 years was reported in UK. In 2019, a study found that prolonged storage of these samples did not affect the outcomes of IVF with own eggs or IUI. Study design, size, duration We analysed data from 969 ED-IVF cycles performed at our centre between 2007 and 2022. Initially, cycles were classified into two independent groups of study to eliminate the impact of differences in embryo culture time. Group 1 or short culture (until Day 3) included 511 cycles from 2007 to 2013, and Group 2 or long culture (until Day5/6) included 458 cycles from 2014 to 2022. Participants/materials, setting, methods Donor oocytes were inseminated by ICSI using donor sperm from our bank. We analysed the relationship between the years of semen cryopreservation and the number of good quality embryos in both groups using Pearson correlation coefficient. Afterwards, the groups were divided into three subgroups based on the years of cryopreservation: 0-<3, ≥3-5, ≥5. Pregnancy and term pregnancy rates were calculated, and their relationship with time of semen cryopreservation were analysed using the Chi-square statistic. Main results and the role of chance No relationship was found between the years of cryopreservation and the number of good quality embryos in either group (Group 1 r=-0.05 and Group 2 r = 0.04). Pregnancy rates for the three subgroups 0-<3, ≥3-5, ≥5 were as follows: 219/454(48.24%),17/ 39(43.59%) and 6/18(33.3%) respectively in Group 1 and 141/213 (66.2%), 62/104 (59.62%), and 85/141 (60.28%) in Group 2. No statistically significant relationship was found in either group (Group 1 p-value=0.41 and Group 2 p-value=0.38). Term pregnancy rates for the three subgroups 0-<3, ≥3-5, ≥5 were as follows: 139/219 (63.47%), 10/17 (58.82%) and 4/6 (66.67%) respectively in Group 1 and 89/141 (63.12%), 39/62 (63.12%) and 56/85 (65.88%) in Group 2. No statistically significant relationship was found in either group (Group 1 p-value=0.91 and Group 2 p-value=0.90). The findings of this study indicate that prolonged donor semen cryopreservation does not appear to have a negative impact on success rates in ED-IVF cycles, both in terms of embryo development, and pregnancy and term pregnancy rates. Limitations, reasons for caution In Group 1 there was a big difference in sample size between subgroups, but it was due to the nature of the study. Wider implications of the findings Despite it seems that prolonged cryopreservation of semen does not affect embryonic viability, there is a lack of many molecular studies to ensure that this does not impact in cellular mechanisms or epigenetics. Trial registration number Not Applicable

Blackberry synthetic seeds storage: effects of temperature, time, and sowing substrate

In vitro propagation, is becoming the predominant method for blackberry propagation due to its advantages compared to agamic traditional propagation methods. Synthetic seed technology represents a promising approach to further enhance the productivity of in vitro propagation facilitating the exchange of plant materials among laboratories and contributing to germplasm conservation efforts. This study aimed to establish an optimal protocol for the storage and sowing of synthetic blackberry seeds obtained through the encapsulation of clump bases. The synthetic seeds were sown without storage (Control) and after storage periods of 30, 60, and 120 days at 4 °C and 25 °C in the dark, in three different substrates (agarised, perlite, and potting). After forty-five days from sowing viability, regeneration rate, shoot and root numbers and lengths, as well as fresh and dry weights of the plantlets, were assessed. Results indicated that agarised substrate consistently exhibited favourable outcomes, with sustained regeneration rates and robust plantlet development even after prolonged storage at 4 °C. Synthetic seeds sown in perlite and potting substrates demonstrated enhanced regeneration rates following storage at 4 °C for 60 and 120 days. On the contrary, storage at 25 °C resulted in a notable decline in regeneration rate, highlighting its inadequacy for blackberry synthetic seed conservation purposes. These findings underscore the importance of sowing substrate selection and storage temperature in optimizing the storage and sowing protocols for synthetic blackberry seeds.

Bisphenol-A Leaching from Polycarbonate 5-Gallon Water Bottles in the UAE: A Comprehensive Study.

Bisphenol A (BPA) is widely used around the world in the production of Polycarbonate (PC) plastics. Notably, the ubiquitous 5-gallon water bottles in the UAE are primarily made of PC plastic, making them a significant concern as bottled water is the region's main supply of drinking water. These bottles undergo temperature variations during storage and transportation, potentially leading to harmful BPA (Bisphenol A) leaching. This study analyzed 40 PC 5-gallon water bottles from two local brands A and B, with 20 bottles per brand, under two conditions: room temperature and outdoor sunlight exposure for a month. BPA levels were assessed at 0, 15, and 30 days, following ethical approval. Liquid-liquid extraction and ELISA assays were conducted, with comprehensive kit validation. The results revealed a significant increase in BPA concentration over time, particularly in bottles exposed to elevated temperatures (Day 30 outdoor-stored samples exhibited the highest concentration at 9.05 ± 2.30 μg/L). Brand B consistently exhibited higher BPA concentrations across different samples and environments. This study emphasizes the link between BPA content and storage time, highlighting the need for preventive measures to reduce BPA exposure. Individuals should be aware of potential health risks associated with prolonged storage in plastic containers and consider safer alternatives.

Microbiological Quality and Antibiotic Resistance of Home-made and Commercial Complementary Foods: A Comparative Pilot Study

Objective The study aims to compare the microbiological quality and antibiotic resistance profiles of homemade and commercial infant foods. Materials and Methods: A variety of both homemade and commercially available infant foods were collected and analyzed for microbial content and antibiotic resistance patterns using standard microbiological methods. Findings: The study observed that prolonged storage significantly impacted the microbiological quality of infant foods. It was found that both homemade and commercial products showed an increase in microbial growth over time. Notably, the presence of pathogenic bacteria was detected in several samples, indicating potential health risks for infants. Conclusion: The study highlights the need for better awareness and standards in the preparation and selection of infant foods, considering the microbiological safety and emerging antibiotic resistance issues.

Beyond fentanyl test strips: investigating other urine drug test strips for drug checking applications

Use of immunoassay test strips for the detection of fentanyl in drug samples has become commonplace in harm reduction, law enforcement, public health, customs, and forensic science settings for testing drug product. With the recent increase of xylazine in the drug supply, use of xylazine test strips has also increased. As use of test strips expands, a desire to implement them for other drugs may emerge. However, since these strips are designed for urine testing, it is important to understand their applicability to testing drug product. In this work, we investigate the utility of seven types of urine immunoassay test strips – amphetamine, benzodiazepine, cocaine, methamphetamine, nitazene, opiate, and xylazine – for drug checking applications. Reproducibility, sensitivity, cross-reactivity, and the effect of prolonged exposure to elevated temperatures were studied. Generally, the tests were found to be reproducible, able to detect trace (µg/mL) levels of the analyte of interest, and minimally affected by prolonged storage at elevated temperatures. Nearly all tests showed cross-reactivity with compounds other than the analyte of interest, highlighting the need to better understand these limitations prior to implementation in a drug checking scenario. The viability of expired cocaine, fentanyl, and methamphetamine test strips was also interrogated, and little to no change in sensitivity was found even though the tests were multiple years expired.

COMPARATIVE LEGAL ANALYSIS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF LEGISLATION ON COUNTERING CYBERBULLYING AMONG SCHOOL-AGE CHILDREN IN MODERN JURISDICTIONS

The article is devoted to the prevention and counteraction of such a modern phenomenon as cyberbullying among school-age children, the search for measures to prevent and combat it. The study substantiates the conditions conducive to the transformation of traditional bullying into a virtual one. Cyberbullying is often interpreted as an electronic form of traditional bowling, which is accompanied by features of virtual communication: anonymity, lack of empathy, uncontrollability and prolonged storage of traumatic information. To solve this problem, psychological factors are highlighted, and emphasis is also placed on the need for legal regulation of countering cyberbullying, in particular, establishing responsibility. To effectively solve this problem, it is extremely important to actively highlight and consolidate the concepts of bullying and cyberbullying at the legislative level. Specifically, it is necessary to adopt a law aimed at combating cyberbullying in the school environment, including measures of responsibility for children, parents and, if necessary, teachers. It is also important to establish competent authorities that will monitor cases of cyberbullying, analyze the most common methods and interact with Internet service providers for joint efforts to eliminate this problem. The results obtained serve as the basis for formulating recommendations on improving legislative approaches to combating cyberbullying in modern society. As a necessary measure, it is proposed to establish such responsibility not for children, but for parents, and in some cases for teachers. It is necessary to introduce new institutions, develop cultural values among school students, focusing on preventing cyberbullying. It is pointed out that there is a need for appropriate development of juvenile justice, because for older students with a well-formed psyche, who, due to their age, can already bear legal responsibility, it is necessary to establish a certain punishment. At the same time, the focus of attention does not necessarily focus on administrative and criminal liability measures, it is important to concentrate efforts on preventive and educational measures.

Whole mount immunofluorescence analysis of fresh and stored human donor corneas highlights changes in limbal characteristics during storage

PurposeHuman donor corneas are an essential control tissue for corneal research. We utilized whole mount immunofluorescence (WM-IF) to evaluate how the storage affects the tissue integrity and putative limbal stem cells in human and porcine corneas. Moreover, we compare this information with the marker expression patterns observed in human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived LSCs. MethodsThe expression of putative LSC markers was analyzed with WM-IF and the fluorescence intensity was quantified in human donor corneas stored for 1–30 days, and in porcine corneas processed 0–6 h after euthanasia. The results were compared with the staining of human and porcine corneal cryosections and with both primary and hPSC-derived LSC cultures. ResultsWM-IF analyses emerged as a more effective method when compared to tissue sections for visualizing the expression of LSC markers within human and porcine corneas. Storage duration was a significant factor influencing the expression of LSC markers, as human tissues stored longer exhibited notable epithelial degeneration and lack of LSC markers. Porcine corneas replicated the expression patterns observed in fresh human tissue. We validated the diverse expression patterns of PAX6 in the limbal-corneal region, which aligned with findings from hPSC-LSC differentiation experiments. ConclusionsWM-IF coupled with quantification of fluorescence intensities proved to be a valuable tool for investigating LSC marker expression in both human and porcine tissues ex vivo. Prolonged storage significantly influences the expression of LSC markers, underscoring the importance of fresh human or substitute control tissue when studying limbal stem cell biology.

Prospects of nanotechnology advances in food adulterant detection, spoilage detection, packaging and preservation applications

Abstract Food is essential for the development and essential functions of our lives. Our typical dietary intake consists of vegetables, fruits, legumes, pulses, grains, and other similar foods. These ingredients can be consumed in their raw form or transformed into delicious recipes. Food adulteration refers to the deliberate introduction of potentially hazardous substances into food or food products to contaminate or adulterate them. Prolonged storage of food without sufficient preservation leads to spoilage, which poses a health risk. Food undergoes degradation over an extended duration of storage, leading to the proliferation of germs on its surface. Nanotechnology revolutionizes food safety by employing precise detection and preservation methods. Nanoparticles play a crucial role in expediting the detection of adulterants, enabling the identification of even minute amounts of contaminants like pesticides or hazardous compounds. This, in turn, ensures the preservation of the quality and safety of food items. Nanosensors are used to identify spoilage by monitoring microbial activity or changes in pH levels, to prevent the intake of spoiled food. Nano-emulsions and coatings can extend the shelf life of products by establishing protective barriers that hinder the ingress of oxygen, moisture, and microbial growth. This process effectively preserves the freshness and nutritional value of the products. In this review, we have discussed the role of nanotechnology in detecting food adulteration, food spoilage, food preservation and food packaging techniques.

Assessing the impact of long‐term storage on the quality and integrity of biological specimens in a reproductive biobank

AbstractBiobanks hold a pivotal role in facilitating translational and clinical research endeavors. However, the effects of prolonged storage on frozen blood samples analytes are not well defined yet. The aim of this study was to investigate the long‐term stability of the quality of DNA, RNA, and endocrine markers within blood samples amassed from the biobank over the past 11 years. The results show that the overall quality and integrity of DNA remained not significantly influenced. However, RNA integrity and purity displayed substantial deterioration as storage duration increased, to ensure high‐quality RNA for downstream analyses, advised to prioritize using blood samples stored within 3 years. Furthermore, the study examined the influence of storage time on endocrine markers. Through repeated measures ANOVA and linear regression analyses, it was evident that storage duration significantly influenced the levels of endocrine markers. This insight aids researchers in selecting appropriate markers for their investigations and augments the precision and dependability of results when dealing with long‐term stored samples.

Immobilization of biosynthesized gallium nanoparticles in Polyvinylpyrrolidone/Sodium alginate films: Potent bactericidal protection against food spoilage bacteria

The increasing threat of spoilage bacterial infections, driven by the resistance of bacteria to many antimicrobial treatments, is a significant worldwide public health problem, especially concerning food preservation. To tackle these difficulties, this research investigates the possibility of using packaging sheets that include antimicrobial agents and increasing the prolonged storage time by preventing the bioburden of foodborne pathogens. This approach uses metal nanoparticles' ability to prevent harmful bacteria that cause food spoiling. Gallium nanoparticles (GaNPs) were created using a water-based extract from Andrographis paniculata leaves as a bioreducing agent. The GaNPs were added to a film made of sodium alginate (SA) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). The study showed that incorporating GaNPs into polymer films resulted in films with a desirable contact angle and decreased water vapor permeability. Significantly, the developed films demonstrated increased efficiency against E.coli O157 compared to other species. Also, it exhibited increased vulnerability to bacterial strains at the biofilm stage, surpassing PVP-SA/GaNPs-0. Remarkably, the toxicity tests showed that the films exhibited no cytotoxicity. Overall, the films indicated their potential for avoiding bacterial bioburden, prolonging the shelf life of perishable products, and contributing to diverse antimicrobial applications in the food industry.

Role of methyl jasmonate in alleviating chilling injury in 'Xuxiang' kiwifruit: Insights from transcriptomic evidence

'Xuxiang' kiwifruit is highly susceptible to chilling injury (CI) during prolonged low-temperature storage, significantly impacting its storage quality and shelf life. Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) has emerged as a pivotal signaling molecule for alleviating CI in fruit. In this study, we conducted a comparative analysis of the changes in physiological and biochemical indicators and related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) through transcriptomics in kiwifruit treated with 10 μM MeJA during low-temperature storage. The results demonstrated that exogenous MeJA effectively alleviated the symptoms of CI in kiwifruit by suppressing the activity of membrane lipid peroxidation-related substances and enzymes, as well as regulating multiple genes associated with ethylene biosynthesis, cell wall degradation, plant hormone signal transduction, and relevant transcription factors. These genes were screened by cis-acting element analysis, and the physical and chemical properties of the proteins were predicted. Our study provides a theoretical basis for the physiological and biochemical mechanisms and related key genes of exogenous MeJA in alleviating the CI of kiwifruit.

Reusable Smart Lids for Improving Food Safety at Household Level with Programmable UV-C Technology

The worldwide food industry faces the multiple challenges of providing food security while also reducing environmental and health consequences. This requires transitioning to chemical-free techniques of preserving food with a long shelf life that emphasize human health. Even though millions of people are experiencing hunger, the substantial amount of food that is being wasted is impeding the advancement towards UN Sustainable Development Goal 12, which aims to reduce food waste by 50% by the year 2030. On the other hand, conventional food preservation techniques still frequently depend on chemical additives, which might give rise to persistent health issues and potentially undermine nutritional quality. This emphasizes the necessity for inventive, non-chemical remedies that prioritize both prolonged storage duration and the safety of food. Consumer storage conditions, which are the ultimate phase of the food chain, still generate substantial waste because of the proliferation of mold and bacteria on fruits and vegetables, which presents health hazards. Enhancing storage conditions and extending shelf life is important. Low-frequency ultraviolet (UV-C) light technology provides a non-thermal and highly efficient method for fighting foodborne microorganisms such as mold. This method renders pathogens inactive while maintaining product quality, providing a cost-efficient and easily available alternative. This study proposes the development of a programmable “Smart-Lid” SLID storage system that utilizes upcycled home base glass jars with UV-C light-emitting lids to prevent mold growth on various open food items, including milk- and sugar-based food, sauces, and possibly dry meals. The research seeks to assess the efficacy and potential influence of the SLID solution with UV-C light’s potential with programmable applications in this preserving environment at the home level.

Prolonged Carbon Storage and CO2 Reduction by Circular Design with Wood

The benefits of circularity and biogenic carbon storage are often overseen. This study links the circular design of buildings with prolonged biogenic carbon storage. Circularity in architectural design can involve extending the service life of a building frame, whilst forests grow back and store more carbon. Following this approach, Stora Enso has developed a mixed-use building concept with flexible and adaptable structures. Static and dynamic life cycle assessment (LCA) has been carried out to assess different scenarios, modelling and quantifying its potential benefits regarding whole life carbon. While whole life carbon is lower in all timber scenarios compared to conventional concrete buildings, dynamic LCA makes clear the benefits of carbon storage and carbon sequestration. Total emissions, considering a reference service life of 50 years, are 2,84 kg CO2-eq./m² floor area/year, considering biogenic carbon storage and carbon sequestration in regrowing forests. An increase of the building lifetime to 80 years aligns with a longer rotation time of forest trees, resulting in whole life carbon of -0,09 kg CO2-eq./m² floor area/year. This demonstrates that the effective implementation of built-in flexibility and adaptability can extend the service life of a building, unlocking environmental benefits of biogenic carbon storage of wood products in buildings.

Analysis of Aspergillus niger isolated from ancient palm leaf manuscripts and its deterioration mechanisms

Palm leaf manuscripts (PLMs), venerable historical artefacts containing Buddhist scriptures, history, mathematics and literature, which are carried by palm leaves (Corypha umbraculifera) and are highly susceptible to microbial degradation during prolonged storage. This degradation results in significant alterations to both the appearance and material properties of PLMs, but the precise mechanism underlying this deterioration remains a mystery. To this end, the present study focused on ancient PLMs from Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan Province, China. The objective of present study was to isolate, culture and identify the microorganisms typically found in these manuscripts and to use them to biodegrade the carriers of PLMs. Detailed observations of the biodegradation behavior of these microorganisms on the carriers of PLMs were carried out, together with characterizations of the hierarchical structure and mechanical properties of the leaf fiber cell walls. This comprehensive analysis provided insights into the deterioration mechanisms of the carriers of PLMs. The study revealed the presence of the common fungus Aspergillus niger on ancient PLMs. Aspergillus niger can secrete cellulase, lipase, and acidic substances after colonizing on the carriers of PLMs. These substances sequentially damage the carrier's epidermal cells, mesophyll cells, and leaf fibers, leading to the separation of different tissue structures. At the molecular level, the lipids on the surface of the leaves were degraded initially, and sequential depolymerization of hemicellulose, amorphous cellulose, and crystalline cellulose occurred. Additionally, this study firstly applied nanoindentation technology in the research of PLMs. The mechanical properties of the cell walls underwent notable alterations due to the modifications in chemical and crystalline structure of the carriers of PLMs upon the biodegradation of Aspergillus niger. Specifically, the hardness and elastic modulus of leaf fiber cell walls showed an initial increasing and then decreasing trend, consistent with the trend of cellulose crystallinity, which also provided a new reference for assessing the degree of deterioration of PLMs.