Proliferative Enteritis Research Articles

An extended serotyping scheme for Campylobacter mucosalis isolated from proliferative enteritis in swine.

A serotyping scheme for Campylobacter mucosalis based on agglutination test using microplate with formalin-treated cells was developed. Antisera were absorbed with homologous heated and heterologous unheated cross-reactive antigens. Among 717 isolates from lesion of proliferative enteritis in swine, seven new serotypes were recognized in addition to known serotypes A, B and C. Of the 717 isolates 596 strains were serotype A. One strain and 14 strains were classified into serotype B and serotypt C, respectively. Other 106 isolates proved to belong to seven new serotypes. It was suggested that there exist at least ten serotypes among C. mucosalis.

Possible relationshio of proliferative enteritis in pigs and hamsters

Three- to six-week-old hamsters were orally inoculated with broths containing one of the following cultures: Campylobacter mucosalis; C. hyointestinalis; C. coli; C. jejuni, all of porcine proliferative enteritis origin, or else C. jejuni of hamster origin. Hamsters given the last of those organisms were shown to have colonisation of their intestines by C. jejuni and 36 of 40 developed an acute enteritis. Mild hyperplasia of enterocytes in ileal crypts was evident in one hamster 2 days after it was given C. coli. No other lesions were detected. Further 3-week-old hamsters were orally inoculated with homogenised intestinal mucosa collected from 4 pigs (A-D) affected by proliferative enteritis. Lesions of proliferative enteritis were detected in 7 of 41 hamsters necropsied 10–21 days after being dosed with mucosas B or D. Marked hyperplasia of ileal enterocytes, associated with numerous intracellular Campylobacter-like organisms, were invariably detected in experimentally affected hamsters. No particular Campylobacter sp. was consistently isolated. None of the controls had demonstrable lesions. The results suggested that cross-species transmission of proliferative enteritis was possible from pigs to hamsters. Therefore a common initiating or aetiological agent may be present. No specific organism was identified as filling this role by inoculation of hamsters with pure cultures.

Investigations into the aetiology of porcine proliferative enteritis.

Investigations into the aetiology of porcine proliferative enteritis.

"Campylobacter hyointestinalis" sp. nov.: a new species of Campylobacter found in the intestines of pigs and other animals.

The name "Campylobacter hyointestinalis" sp. nov. is proposed for a Campylobacter species that was isolated from the intestines of pigs with proliferative enteritis. "C. hyointestinalis" is also found in the feces of cattle and has been isolated from the intestine of a hamster. "C. hyointestinalis" is distinguished from previously described catalase-positive Campylobacter species by colony morphology, ability to produce H2S in triple sugar iron agar, ability to grow anaerobically in 0.1% trimethylamine N-oxide hydrochloride, resistance to nalidixic acid, susceptibility to cephalothin and metronidazole, and hydrogenase activity. Sixteen "C. hyointestinalis" strains were highly related (greater than or equal to 76%) by DNA-DNA hybridization (hydroxyapatite method, 50 and 65 degrees C). Other Campylobacter species were less than or equal to 30% related to "C. hyointestinalis." The type strain of "C. hyointestinalis" is designated 80-4577-4 (= ATCC 35217), and its DNA has a guanine-plus-cytosine content of 36 mol%.

Campylobacter species isolated from swine with lesions of proliferative enteritis.

Campylobacter species were isolated from 93 (48.4%) out of 196 pigs in which proliferative enteritis (PE) was detected at an abattoir in Kagoshima City. Three species of Campylobacter were identified as Campylobacter sputorum ssp. mucosalis (CSM), Campylobacter hyointestinalis (CHI) and Campylobacter coli (CCO) on the basis of biochemical characteristics. From 51 specimens (54.9%) CSM was isolated, CHI was from 23 specimens (24.7%) and CCO was from seven specimens (7.5%). From nine specimens (9.6%) CSM and CHI were isolated simultaneously. Simultaneous isolation of CSM and CCO, and that of CHI and CCO were seen in one (1.1%) and two specimens (2.2%), respectively. Viable bacterial count per gram of affected mucosa ranged 104 to 108 CFU. More than 80% of the positive specimens were involved in the range of 106 to 108 CFU. The presence of four different serovars of CSM in addition to serovar A was suggested. Strains other than serovar A had narrow range of growth temperature around 37°C and their growth was inhibited by the presence of triphenyl tetrazolium chloride. Forty-five sera of pigs bred in three farms, where CSM and CHI were thought to be prevailing, were subjected to the agglutination test to determine antibody titers against CSM and CHI. Twenty-one pigs had high agglutinin titer of more than 1:80 against CSM. On the other hand, only 2 pigs had high titer against CHI.

In vitro activities of 47 antimicrobial agents against three Campylobacter spp. from pigs.

The in vitro activities of 47 antimicrobial agents against 30 isolates of Campylobacter species from pigs were determined by the agar dilution technique. The isolates were obtained from pigs with proliferative enteritis and included 10 strains each of Campylobacter coli, Campylobacter sputorum subsp. mucosalis, and "Campylobacter hyointestinalis Gebhart et al." (this name is not on the Approved Lists). Carbadox, furazolidone, nitrofurantoin, gentamicin, and dimetridazole were the most active drugs, inhibiting all three Campylobacter species with a MIC for 50% of the isolates of 2 micrograms/ml or less. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, cefazolin, sulfachloropyridazine, novobiocin, vancomycin, sulfathiazole, cyclohexamide, bacitracin, p-arsanilic acid, and colistin were the least active, with MICs for 50% of the isolates ranging from 16 to greater than or equal to 128 micrograms/ml.

Carcinogenicity of 3-Methyl-2-naphthylamlne and 3,2′-Dimethyl-4-aminobiphenyl to the Bladder and Gastrointestinal Tract of the Syrian Golden Hamster With Atypical Proliferative Enteritis<xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2">2</xref><xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3">3</xref>

3,2'-Dimethyl-4-aminobiphenyl (DMAB) and 3-methyl-2-naphthylamine (MeNA) were each administered to groups of 25 male noninbred Syrian golden hamster weanlings in doses of 100 mg/kg body weight by weekly sc injections for a total of 38 injections over 18--22 months. DMAB produced a high incidence of urinary bladder epithelial neoplasms and intestinal neoplasms. Other neoplasms included squamous papilloma of nonglandular stomach, lymphoma-leukemias, and squamous cell carcinomas of the ear duct and skin. With MeNA, urinary bladder epithelial neoplasms occurred but no intestinal tumors. Also present were soft-tissue sarcomas at the injection site, papilloma of forestomach, and lymphoma-leukemias. Most hamsters in both groups as well as the control group had a chronic form of atypical proliferative enteritis that affected the small or large intestine. The occurrence of intestinal tumors with DMAB could be related to sensitizing effect of increased intestinal mucosal proliferation. Apart from this effect, hamsters displayed a distinct susceptibility to bladder carcinogenesis by these aromatic amines.

Capillaria columbae (Rud.) from the Chicken and Turkey

During a period of several years in making autopsies on chickens and turkeys, the writer has found on a number of occasions a species of trichosome in the small intestine. This worm has been encountered only in small numbers and in birds showing no macroscopic changes of the intestine. It is known however that species in this genus attach themselves to and even penetrate the mucosa of the alimentary tract and that when present in large numbers they may be responsible for serious disease and death, especially in young birds. Freese (1908), Reibisch (1893) and Perroncito and Tomiolo (1899), cited by Neveu-Lemaire (1912), as well as other authors have reported disease in birds due to trichosomes, the former author in chickens due to Trichosoma retusum, and the latter authors in pheasants due to Trichosoma strumosum. A number of species of trichosomes have been reported from the chicken. Neveu-Lemaire refers to the following: T. retusumr Railliet, 1893; T. collare von Linstow, 1873; T. caudinflatum (Molin, 1858) Stoss., 1890; T. annulatum Molin, 1858; T. dubium Kowal., 1894, and T. gallinum Kowal., 1894. Stubbs and Crawley (1922) report a Capillaria sp. from the intestine of the chicken and attribute a chronic proliferative enteritis to it. Travassos (1915) reports Capillaria strumosa (Reibisch, 1893), a parasite of pheasants, in the chicken. Barile (1912) reports from the intestine of the domestic turkey, under the name of Trichosomum neleagris-gallopava, a species showing certain points of relationship to T. retusum. As will be shown presently, the form collected by the writer proved not to be one previously reported from the chicken or turkey, but Trichosoma columbae Rud., 1819, parasitic in the large and small intestines of the domestic pigeon and certain other columbines. The meager accounts of this species warrant the publication of the more complete study which the writer has made.