Projective Image Research Articles

DYNAMICS AND IMPACT OF DIGITAL FOOTPRINT ON PROJECT SUCCESS

The digital footprint of the project is its integral characteristic, reflecting both the “official” information on the project, unnecessary and any mention of the project including social networks and other Internet resources. An entropy model for assessing the success of a project is proposed. The model covers the content (semantic part), its environment, and the dynamics of implementation. The increase in informational entropy (uncertainty) of the project cannot be estimated as the sum of the increase in entropy associated with each element of the digital footprint. The main reason for this is the synergy inherent in the digital footprint. Separately insignificant elements of a digital footprint of a project of a negative nature, with their significant number and periodic appearance, cause a “snowball” effect, which leads to an increase and exaggeration of small destructive effects of individual digital footprints. Therefore, it makes no sense to consider the increase in information entropy for each element of the digital footprint of the project, but it is necessary to consider the impact of each new element of the digital footprint on the information entropy of the project. Each element of an active digital footprint is formed on time and meets the necessary requirements. The organized formation of a digital footprint promotes order in documentation, timely awareness of risks, the formation of the required level of demand for a project product, and a proactive assessment of success. The digital footprint should also help attract new stakeholders to create a favorable project image and promote the project’s product. The fulfillment of this set of conditions ensures a decrease in entropy and, as a result, the success of the project. Conversely, if active and passive digital traces of a project increase entropy, then the likelihood of project success is reduced.

3D X-ray based Method for Diagnostics of Spinal Deformities

Research Funding: The “OrthoLine” research and production company has provided funding for the research study. Conflict of interest: The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare. Research Objective: to revise the “arc angle” parameter for estimating the value of spinal curvature and, if necessary, to search for another parameter or to develop another method for mathematically correct estimation of spinal deformity value. Materials and methods. The critical analysis has been performed both theoretically and experimentally. It has been demonstrated that the angle parameter is incorrect, and another estimation parameter and procedure should be developed. A method of 3D X-ray diagnostics and construction of 3D structure using two orthogonal projections of two-dimensional spine image involve several procedures. Software-based scaling and horizontal-wise image synchronization, synchronised selection of spinal arc on images and construction of a geometric image of the studied arc are performed stepwise. Software-based measurements of a number of geometric parameters on 2D images, utilised for mathematical analysis and construction of a 3D picture of geometric spine images, are made, and geometric parameters of some arcs, among which the arc plane curvature and azimuth angle are assumed to be the major ones, are found. 2D X-ray diagnostics was performed using a light-dose device AGFA DX – D 300, which allows having the images of the entire spinal column in a single shot. Results. A method for the 3D X-ray diagnostics of the pathologically deformed spine has been proposed. The relationship between the deformity value and severity and the true arc curvature and azimuth angle of the arc plane position between frontal and lateral planes of the trunk has been established. There have been developed the procedures for software-based examination of 2D orthogonal images of the trunk projections and computation of parameters of the 3D spine state along with constructing its true image. There has been created a two-parameter function, with correction factors, of spinal deformity degree based on comparative estimations of radiographic images, measured parameters, and posture of the pathologically deformed trunk, made by independent experts. Conclusion. The developed method of 3D X-ray diagnostics and analysis of radiographs eliminates critical errors of conventional method. What principally distinguishes this method is a research object, namely, a three-dimensional state of the spine rather than two-dimensional on the frontal projection, and the use of the arc curvature parameter and azimuth angle of the arc plane position instead of mathematically erroneous angle parameter – the Cobb angle. The method of (3D) X-ray diagnostics provides new beneficial properties of the 2D spondylography based on state-of the-art digital technologies.

Integrating brain imaging endophenotypes with GWAS for Alzheimer's disease.

Genome wide association studies (GWAS) have identified many genetic variants associated with increased risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). These susceptibility loci may effect AD indirectly through a combination of physiological brain changes. Many of these neuropathologic features are detectable via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In this study, we examine the effects of such brain imaging derived phenotypes (IDPs) with genetic etiology on AD, using and comparing the following methods: two-sample Mendelian randomization (2SMR), generalized summary statistics based Mendelian randomization (GSMR), transcriptome wide association studies (TWAS) and the adaptive sum of powered score (aSPU) test. These methods do not require individual-level genotypic and phenotypic data but instead can rely only on an external reference panel and GWAS summary statistics. Using publicly available GWAS datasets from the International Genomics of Alzheimer's Project (IGAP) and UK Biobank's (UKBB) brain imaging initiatives, we identify 35 IDPs possibly associated with AD, many of which have well established or biologically plausible links to the characteristic cognitive impairments of this neurodegenerative disease. Our results highlight the increased power for detecting genetic associations achieved by multiple correlated SNP-based methods, i.e., aSPU, GSMR and TWAS, over MR methods based on independent SNPs (as instrumental variables).

Special idempotents and projections

We define, for any special matching of a finite graded poset, an idempotent, regressive and order preserving function. We consider the monoid generated by such functions. We call special idempotent any idempotent element of this monoid. They are interval retracts. Some of them realize a kind of parabolic map and are called special projections. We prove that, in Eulerian posets, the image of a special projection, and its complement, are graded induced subposets. In a finite Coxeter group, all projections on right and left parabolic quotients are special projections, and some projections on double quotients too. We extend our results to special partial matchings.

In Light of the Lamps: A Comprehensive Analysis of the Ceramic Oil Lamps from the Roman Fort at Humayma

The archaeological site of Humayma, located at the northwest corner of the Hisma desert of Jordan, has a long history of permanent settlement; beginning with the Nabataeans, followed by Roman, Byzantine, and Islamic occupations. Shortly after Emperor Trajan’s conquest of the Nabataean Kingdom in 106 CE, a Roman fort emerged alongside the pre-existing trade route, which the Romans renamed the Via Nova Traiana. Excavations at the fort, directed by J. P. Oleson in 1995, 1996, 2000, 2004, and 2005 and M. B. Reeves in 2012, unearthed a collection of ceramic oil lamps, comprised of four complete lamps and fifty-eight fragments. The author recently carried out a complete evaluation of the fort’s ceramic lamp collection, remotely analysing the lamps based on project images, descriptions, and contextual information in order to produce a catalogue and report.
 Results included Nabataean, Roman, and Byzantine types, dating from the 1st to 5th century CE, revealing an intricate and diverse account of material culture at the fort. The Nabatean rosette lamp and Byzantine slipper lamp were the two most prevalent types, while few Roman lamps were found. The author interpreted data and made suggestions in light of the history, regional trade, stratigraphic complexities, and evolving cultural identity of the site. This poster summarizes the ceramic lamp findings, identifies anomalous items, and considers the significance of chronological aberrations in relation to the fort’s military and civilian occupations over 400 years.

Role of magnetic resonance cholangiopancriatography in malignant obstructive jaundice

Background: Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) is a completely non-invasive technique that provides good projectional images without administration of contrast agents, without radiation, requires no anaethesia and less operator dependent.AIM: The aim was to assess the role of magnetic resonance cholangiopanceatography (MRCP) in the diagnosis of malignant biliary obstruction .Patients and Methods: This study included 20 patients with malignant biliary obstruction diagnosed clinically, by ultrasonography and/or MDCT to do MRCP for better evaluation.Results: In our study, MRCP was accurate in the depiction the level of obstruction in the all 20 cases and showed 100% sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy in detecting the level of obstruction. MRCP showed significant preference in the ability to detect the cause of malignant obstruction, MRCP could diagnose the cause of malignant obstruction in (90%) of cases. Within our study, MRCP detected other related malignant features in 40% of cases.Conclusion: Our data and in agreement with the previous studies has demonstrated that MRCP was accurate in the depiction the level of obstruction in the all 20 cases and showed 100% sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy in detecting the level of obstruction with no substantial complications.

Multi Slice CT Cholangiography Using Minimum Intensity Projection in Evaluation of Patients with Biliary Obstruction: Comparison with Percutaneous Trans Hepatic Cholangiography

ABSTRACT Background: Evaluation of the diagnostic value of computed tomography (CT) cholangiography with minimum intensity projection (MinIP) in the work up of patients with obstructive biliary disease through correlation with percutaneous trans hepatic cholangiography (PTC) results. Objective: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of CT cholangiography with MinIP in the work up of patients with obstructive biliary disease through correlation with PTC results. Patients and Method: The study included 36 patients (26 males and 10 females), with biliary obstruction. CT cholangiography was done to reach a definite diagnosis for the cause of obstruction and PTC was done during their management plan. Analysis of the image data with (MinIP) images was created on a separate workstation and compared to that of PTC. Results: The CT cholangiography using MinIP technique correctly diagnosed the cause of obstruction among all included cases. No significant difference was found between measurements of obstructing lesion size. We had a novel observation about that axial images are significantly better to reveal the obstructing biliary lesion if the cause of obstruction is intrahepatic; while coronal images are significantly better to reveal the obstructing biliary lesion if the cause of obstruction is extrahepatic. Conclusion: CT cholangiography with MinIP is a complete noninvasive technique that provides projectional images similar to that of PTC without administration of oral specific contrast agents, requires no medications, less operator dependent and no complications were encountered in adequately screened patients.

Reconciliation, a Cogent Global Desideratum: Spotlight on Aristophanes’ Lysistrata and Tess Onwueme's Missing Face

The process of reconciliation simply terminates schism, hostility and undue alienation. The compelling political, religious and social ambiance in the world today revolves around selfish ends rather than seeking for a point of resemblance; that ideology of adhering to homogenous standard as social uniformity. As a result there is damaging undesirable, retrogression in place of optimism, peace and progression. There is a call for genial global association in her myriad activities to transcend beyond fragmentation. It is on this basic premise that this paper seeks and suggests that literature would help restore and sustain humanity‟s place in creation by harmoniously bringing two belligerent heads together through its tales because what literature does even from the classics is to present a broad spectrum of human experiences and its vicissitudes. Besides, all human experiences are universal, themes connect us as they portray issues that are universal which bind us. On the same proposition, this paper propounds that the two playwrights under study have something to offer the society for the reconciliation of two warring heads. Even in the classics the search for reconciliation has been in existence because in every human relationship, disagreement or misunderstanding is inescapable. Onwueme‟s Missing Face through Ida Bee‟s search for missing face reconciles with her son‟s father, Momah. Onwueme achieves this by establishing the blood relationship between the two though each is born at either sides of Atlantic. The persistent prophetic vision expressed in the play achieves attainment of authentic unity and this is achieved through tenacity and aggressive attempt by Ida Bee. The playwright emphasizes that the desire for reconciliation may be labyrinthine, a tortuous path and even humiliating journey, but it is achieved by selflessness. Throughout the play, the playwright projects image of unity and reconciliation between Ida Bee, her son and Momah which binds her to Idu and Idu to Diaspora. This reconciliation goes beyond Africa to the entire globe and it is significant in challenging destructive forces facing humanity. That is why Aristophanes, uses one of his surviving plays – Lysistrata to portray women‟s effort and extra ordinary mission to end Peloponnesian war. Lysistrata insinuates her fellow women to withhold sex from their husbands until both Sparta and Athens agree to end the war. When they succeed, songs and dances follow – the fruit of reconciliation brings joy and adds many years to life in tranquility.

MOTIVATIONAL BODYBUILDING VIDEOS AS A COMPONENT OF DISCOURSE INFLUENCING PERCEPTIONS OF MASCULINITIES

The cult of a slim and beautiful body is no longer characteristic only for women. The male body is becoming more frequently subjected to the pressure of modelling. The use of different regimes increasingly intends to fulfil the requirements of attractiveness and physical perfection, also among men and boys. The discourse of disciplining the male body and its expectations also influence socially acceptable ways of performing gender. Employing a qualitative analysis of bodybuilding motivational films’ content, the author points out the key elements of the body project image in such materials. The possibility of identifying bodybuilders with experts in body modification, resulting from the specificity of the discipline, allows one to believe that the regimes and training tools presented by them can influence the perception of the body modelling process by men. The author presents four elements used to develop an image of the male body project – (1) conditions necessary for the project, (2) tools used in the project, (3) ways of controlling and evaluating the project, (4) side effects of the project. Based on them demonstrates how motivational bodybuilding films can affect changing ways of performing masculinity.

Enhancing laser speckle reduction by decreasing the pitch of a chiral nematic liquid crystal diffuser

The artefact known as speckle can plague numerous imaging applications where the narrow linewidth of laser light is required, which includes laser projection and medical imaging. Here, we report on the use of thin-film chiral nematic liquid crystal (LC) devices that can be used to mitigate the influence of speckle when subjected to an applied electric field. Results are presented which show that the speckle contrast (a quantitative measure of the presence of speckle) can be significantly reduced by decreasing the pitch of the chiral nematic LC from 2700 to 244 nm. Further reduction in the speckle contrast can be observed by operating the diffuser technology at a temperature close to the chiral nematic to isotropic transition. At such temperatures, we observe a simultaneous improvement in the transmission of light through the device and a decrease in the electric field amplitude required for the minimum speckle contrast value. We conclude by presenting a laser projected image of the 1951 USAF target with and without the LC device to demonstrate the visual improvement as a result of the speckle reduction.

ПРОЕКТНО-ОБРАЗНІ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ КОСТЮМА ЕПОХИ «ДИКОГО ЗАХОДУ» ТА ЙОГО ВПЛИВ НА СУЧАСНІ МОДНІ ТЕНДЕНЦІЇ

Purpose. Identification patterns of evolution of the design image of the cowboy in the crisis of masculinity in popular culture during the twentieth century and its impact on modern fashion trends. Methodology. Literary-analytical and comparative methods of research of the original source are used to determine the aesthetic, design and artistic characteristics of the image; stylistic and compositional analysis of modern fashion trends based on the adaptation of the design characteristics of the image of a cowboy in the design of the suit is committed. Results.It is established that the image and symbol of the cowboy in world culture has a significant impact on the trends of men's and women's fashion both during the twentieth century and today. This influence is due to a number of social, economic and environmental factors, the coherence of which creates an aesthetic and figurative need to return the image of the cowboy as a role model in society and as a symbol in culture, art and design. The principles of introduction of artistic and compositional components of the image of a cowboy in modern collections of a suit in a segment of mass fashion are characterized. The means of spreading the idea of smart consumerism and renovation of textiles in the design of fashionable clothes are determined. Based on the pre-project analysis, the figurative and artistic interest in the adaptation of the properties of clothing in the style of "western" to the formation of the individual wardrobe of the consumer is determined. The design concept is formed and the structure of the corresponding collection for wide layers of consumers of clothes as a product of fashion is developed. The scientific novelty. Identification of the main design and artistic characteristics of the historical costume of the Wild West and their transformation in the development of image-compositional structure of the costume in modern fashion. The elements of sign-information stylistics of this project image are revealed and their influence on modern fashion tendencies in both men's and women's fashion is determined. Approaches to the design and artistic modeling of women's clothing as a fashion product based on the renovation of textile products are identified. The practical value. The significance is due to the possibility of using the results of research in the design of clothing for men and women in retro and eco-style "western", taking into account current fashion trends, as well as the ability to predict the further development of the cowboy image in mass culture and its influence on fashion trends

Multi-line laser projection 3D measurement simulation system technology

Based on the research of stripe projection measurement technology, this paper presents a 3D simulation system of divergent multi-line laser projection. Firstly, calculate the coordinates of the reference plane points, backlight tracing method combined with variable step length iteration method was used to calculate the intersection point of line and surface. Then the intersection coordinates are converted from the world coordinate system to the laser coordinate system. Finally, light intensity calculation and light intensity modulation calculation are carried out to obtain the simulation image of divergent multi-line laser stripe projection. The characteristic of this system is that the simulated laser is a divergent multi-line laser and the stripe generation system is highly integrated. The number of light stripe of multi-line laser can be adjusted arbitrarily, and the light intensity distribution of each light stripe is calculated according to the Gaussian distribution model. In the simulation system, there is no need to ensure the intersection point between the optical axis of the camera and the optical axis of the laser. The system simulation method can provide convenience for the further error analysis of the later measurement system and the optimization of the system structure. Experiments show that the system can simulate the 3d measurement system of divergent multi-line laser projection under computer environment. Multi-line laser projection simulation can be carried out for various shapes of objects under different parameters. The accuracy analysis show that the simulation image has high accuracy. The distribution of light intensity accords with the actual situation.

A preliminary study: designing and validating projective images of Young\u2019s early maladaptive schema (EMS) domains

BackgroundThis study aims to design and validate ten projective images of Young’s Early Maladaptive Schema (EMS) domains. For this purpose, two questions are to be addressed. (1) How is the factorial structure of the projective images of EMS domains? (2) Do the images designed in the domains of disconnection and rejection, impaired autonomy and performance, impaired limits, other-directedness, and over-vigilance and inhibition have sufficient validity?MethodsThis is an applied mixed-methods exploratory study, in which the statistical population consisted of psychologists from Tehran Province in the qualitative section (n = 8) as well as other individuals aged between 18 and 65 years (mean age = 33) from Qazvin in the quantitative section (n = 102) in 2018. The research questions were analyzed through principal axis factoring with a varimax rotation, confirmatory factor analysis, Pearson correlation coefficient, and Cronbach’s alpha.ResultsAccording to the results, ten images and five domains of Young’s EMSs contribute to a simple structure. Accounting for 70.35% of the total variance of EMSs, the five dimensions include disconnection and rejection, impaired autonomy and performance, impaired limits, other-directedness, and over-vigilance and inhibition.ConclusionsThe results indicated that the designed projective images yielded acceptable construct validity.

Using Augmented Reality to Enhance Nursing Education

Augmented and Virtual Reality are proliferating throughout daily life. Everyday utilities, such as Google Maps, deploy Augmented Reality (AR) to improve the user experience and increase its effectiveness. Similarly, Augmented and Virtual Reality have been used in the educational domain, where these applications have been shown to improve the learning curve and retention. In this study, AR is proposed as an innovative method to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of the education of nursing students. We propose to introduce this innovative technology in the education of future nurses. Within this study the researchers use augmented reality (AR) to help nursing students learn about physical assessment techniques for the heart and the lungs. Researchers have demonstrated increased memory retention while using AR [14][15]. In this study, we provide a holographic overlay including the internal organs heart, ribcage, and lungs to increase the understanding of accurate placement of devices required for assessing cardiac and respiratory issues using anatomical landmarks. In addition, the visual aspects are supported with audio sound tracks to enhance learning. The ability to project images accurately placed onto real world physical objects using AR headsets could lead to increased retention and deeper understanding leading to precision performance related to techniques in physical assessment of the patient.

CellTracker: an automated toolbox for single-cell segmentation and tracking of time-lapse microscopy images.

Recent advances of long-term time-lapse microscopy have made it easy for researchers to quantify cell behavior and molecular dynamics at single-cell resolution. However, the lack of easy-to-use software tools optimized for customized research is still a major challenge for quantitatively understanding biological processes through microscopy images. Here, we present CellTracker, a highly integrated graphical user interface software, for automated cell segmentation and tracking of time-lapse microscopy images. It covers essential steps in image analysis including project management, image pre-processing, cell segmentation, cell tracking, manually correction and statistical analysis such as the quantification of cell size and fluorescence intensity, etc. Furthermore, CellTracker provides an annotation tool and supports model training from scratch, thus proposing a flexible and scalable solution for customized dataset analysis. CellTracker is an open-source software under the GPL-3.0 license. It is implemented in Python and provides an easy-to-use graphical user interface. The source code, instruction manual and demos can be found at https://github.com/WangLabTHU/CellTracker. Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

Consistency of expert opinions on localization of the reference points for studying a soft tissue face profile in digital teleradiological images of the skull lateral projection

The aim of the study is to identify the consistency of expert opinions when manually identifying the reference points positions for studying the soft-tissue face profile in digital teleradiological images of the skull lateral projection. The study involved 11 orthodontists having a 1 to 8 year experience. They localized the reference points manually, using the software with image enhancement options. Each doctor processed 100 X-ray images of the skull lateral projection. Totally, 1100 positions were identified (11 parameters in 100 images). The average position of 11 manual localizations was taken as the baseline. Then, manually identified positions were automatically compared with the basic localization. We have a good consistency of expert opinions when determining the reference points of the soft-tissue face profile. Herewith, the highest consistency of expert opinions is observed for soft-tissue reference points of the upper and lower lips (LL and EN points) with the average variation coefficients equal to 0.557726 and 0.566349 respectively; and the lowest consistency is observed for the hard tissue point Po with the average variation coefficient of 0.819904. Despite rather serious shortcomings in determining separate points (such as Or, DT, Po) in teleradiological images of the lateral skull projection, the method for determining soft-tissue profilometric reference points gives satisfactory results for more than 85.87% cases. In general, the method can be considered clinically reliable. However, the means and methods for identifying reference points require improving.

Cephalometric analysis of lateral skull X-ray images using soft computing components in the search for key points

Was to investigate the efficiency of decoding teleradiological studies using an algorithm based on the use of convolutional neural networks - a simple convolutional architecture, as well as an extended U-Net architecture. For the experiment, a dataset was prepared by three orthodontists with over 10 years of clinical experience. Each of the orthodontists processed 100 X-ray images of the lateral projection of the head according to 27 parameters, 2700 measurements were made. The coordinates of the control points found by orthodontists in the images were compared with each other and a conclusion was made about the consistency of experts in the data obtained. The results of convolutional neural network CNN were not satisfactory in 17 (62.96%) features, satisfactory in 10 (37.04%). The assessment of orthodontists resulted in non-satisfactory evaluation in 6 (22.22%), satisfactory in 8 (29.63%), good in 8 (29.63%), and excellent in 5 (18.52%) coordinates. Neural networks with U-Net architecture showed satisfactory results in 9 (33.3%) cases, good in 16 (59.3%) and excellent in 2 (7.4%) cases, with no non-satisfactory results. The neural network of the U-Net architecture is more effective than a simple fully convolutional neural network and its results of determining anatomical reference points on two-dimensional images of the head are relatively comparable with the data obtained by medical specialists.

A study on early detection of sewer pipeline blockage using CCD tomography approach

In a sewage system, congealed mass is created by mixing non-biodegradable solid matter with fat, oil and grease. Congealed mass might cause a sewer blockage and overflow. This issue may impose a risk to public health and environment. It also leads to increased operational and maintenance costs of sewer system. A robust and durable sensor system are required to monitor the sewer network blockage which could cause a fluctuation in the data. CCD tomography approach will be used to detect the congealed mass forming in sewer network at early stage. The main concept of CCD tomography approach is to analyze the structure and composition of congealed mass by examining the light intensity after penetrated. Therefore, the location and size of the sewer blockage can be predicted. Light reflection from the congealed mass will strikes onto CCD surfaces. This light source will be converted into an electrical signal which is in voltage output value. Filtered images of Linear Back Projection (LBP) algorithm will be applied to reconstruct the image and identify the characteristic of congealed mass either fat, oil or grease. The location and the size of the congealed mass forming also can be identified using this CCD tomography approach.

Method of single exposure phase contrast imaging without analyser grating

X-ray differential phase contrast imaging technology can reveal the weakly absorbing fine structure which cannot be observed by the conventional X-ray absorption contrast imaging. Hence, it has potential applications in many fields such as medical science, and material science. But in the traditional X-ray grating differential phase contrast imaging system, the analyser grating is used as a spatial filter, and needs to be phase stepped, then multiple exposures are required for information extraction. Thus this leads to high-dose radiation exposure and low efficiency of X-ray utilization. All these disadvantages limit its application in various disciplines. In order to cope with the above issues, a new algorithm based on single-shot grating differential phase contrast imaging system without analyzer grating is proposed. In such a system the absorption, refraction and scattering information can be obtained from one projective image of the sample acquired by a high-resolution detector. The reliability of this new algorithm is confirmed by numerical simulation. Compared with the phase stepping algorithm, the proposed algorithm can provide very accurate and reliable information extraction results without requiring the grating period to match with detector pixel size. It facilitates the reduction of the radiation damage to sample. We emphasize that this method is highly compatible with the future X-ray phase contrast imaging clinical applications.

Comparison between 2D radiographic weight-bearing joint space width and 3D MRI non-weight-bearing cartilage thickness measures in the knee using non-weight-bearing 2D and 3D CT as an intermediary.

Background:In knee osteoarthritis, radiographic joint space width (JSW) is frequently used as a surrogate marker for cartilage thickness; however, longitudinal changes in radiographic JSW have shown poor correlations with those of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) cartilage thickness. There are fundamental differences between the techniques: radiographic JSW represents two-dimensional (2D), weight-bearing, bone-to-bone distance, while on MRI three-dimensional (3D) non-weight-bearing cartilage thickness is measured. In this exploratory study, computed tomography (CT) was included as a third technique, as it can measure bone-to-bone under non-weight-bearing conditions. The objective was to use CT to compare the impact of weight-bearing versus non-weight-bearing, as well as bone-to-bone JSW versus actual cartilage thickness, in the knee.Methods:Osteoarthritis patients (n = 20) who were treated with knee joint distraction were included. Weight-bearing radiographs, non-weight-bearing MRIs and CTs were acquired before and 2 years after treatment. The mean radiographic JSW and cartilage thickness of the most affected compartment were measured. From CT, the 3D median JSW was calculated and a 2D projectional image was rendered, positioned similarly and measured identically to the radiograph. Pearson correlations between the techniques were derived, both cross-sectionally and longitudinally.Results:Fourteen patients could be analyzed. Cross-sectionally, all comparisons showed moderate to strong significant correlations (R = 0.43–0.81; all p < 0.05). Longitudinal changes over time were small; only the correlations between 2D CT and 3D CT (R = 0.65; p = 0.01) and 3D CT and MRI (R = 0.62; p = 0.02) were statistically significant.Conclusion:The poor correlation between changes in radiographic JSW and MRI cartilage thickness appears primarily to result from the difference in weight-bearing, and less so from measuring bone-to-bone distance versus cartilage thickness.