Projective Characters Research Articles

Microdata: a critical source for policy evaluation

SummaryThe FLINT project (Farm Level Indicators for New Topics in policy evaluation) was aimed at testing the feasibility of collecting data on the sustainability performance of farms through the European Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN). The project defined a list of sustainability themes based on an assessment of policy needs, the existing literature and a review of national initiatives to measure sustainability. Data were collected in nine Member States (Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, the Netherlands, Poland and Spain) from 1,100 farms of different types. Although some problems were encountered, mainly due to the initial pilot project character of FLINT, we conclude that data collection is feasible, whatever the way a Member State has organised its data collection for FADN. The FLINT project has investigated options for upscaling the results from 9 to 28 Member States to create a representative panel with farm‐level sustainability data. This leads to the conclusion that the most attractive option is to reduce the current FADN sample in order to provide the sustainability data that are urgently needed for improved policy evaluation. This could be done without sacrificing information on other important indicators, such as income from farming.

Africa's new cities: The contested future of urbanisation.

New private property investments in Africa’s cities are on the rise, and they often take the form of entirely new cities built up from scratch as comprehensively planned self-contained enclaves. As these new city-making trajectories are expanding and empirical research is emerging, there is a need to provide more conceptual clarity. We systematically examine the diversity of new cities in Africa; elicit their financial trajectories; and set an agenda for critically examining their actual and expected implications, by learning transnational lessons from debates on gated communities, peri-urban land governance and displacement, and older waves of new city building. Although most new cities are private-led projects, they are inserted into diverse and dynamic political economies with states ranging from developmentalist to neoliberal to absent. The consumptive and supply-driven character of many projects so far (resembling gated communities for middle and higher classes), their insertion into ‘rurban’ spaces with complex land governance arrangements, and their tendency to implement post-democratic private-sector-driven governance will make them at best unsuitable for solving Africa’s urban problems, and at worst they will increase expulsions and enclosures of the poor, public funding injustice and socio-spatial segregation and fragmentation.

Commutators and projective character tables

ABSTRACTThere is a necessary and sufficient condition (dating back to Burnside) on the character table of a finite group G for an element to be a commutator, which isIn this paper, consideration will be given to this statement if it is applied to the case of projective characters and show that the corresponding sum becomes a sufficient, but not necessary, condition for g to be an α-regulated commutator, where α is the underlying 2-cocycle of G.

The Question of Ideology in Light of Perspectival Knowledge: The Truths of Marx and Nietzsche

This article reflects on the political sensibilities of Marx and Nietzsche in light of their approaches to truth and illusion. Marx and Nietzsche are read in relation to one another in order to highlight a partial overlap between Nietzsche’s perspectival approach to truth and illusion and Marx’s investigation of ideology and its relation to political critique and class struggle. At stake is the possibility of undertaking critique and struggle absent secure or stable epistemological foundations. Walking the tightrope between Marx’s analyses of ideology and class struggle and Nietzsche’s critiques of attempts to ground and authoritatively justify universal claims to truth and falsity, this essay considers the character of political critiques and practices aimed at the realization of desires for material well-being and the cultivation of human freedom. Understanding Marx’s and Nietzsche’s epistemological projects in relation to one another compels fresh conceptualizations of the character and scope of emancipatory political projects.

Stakeholder Involvement in Public–Private Partnerships: Its Influence on the Innovative Character of Projects and on Project Performance

This article examines to what degree citizens and societal stakeholders are involved in Public–Private Partnership (PPP) projects, what factors account for their involvement, and what the effects are on the performance and innovativeness of the projects. This research, based on a survey in 2014 consisting of 144 respondents involved in Dutch PPP projects, shows that although trustful relationships between actors enhance the inclusion of societal parties, the presence of a contract that allows for flexibility leads to more citizen involvement. Furthermore, we found that the involvement of stakeholders leads to more innovative projects but not necessarily to better performing projects.

Degree equality of projective characters

ABSTRACTThere are many necessary and sufficient conditions on a finite group G to be abelian, for example, G contains no non-trivial commutators or that χ(1) = 1 for all χ∈Irr(G). Here an investigation is instigated into what remains of some of these conditions when a non-trivial 2-cocycle of G and the corresponding irreducible projective characters are considered instead, such as these characters all having the same degree. The conditions no longer imply, in general, that G is abelian, but it is conjectured that they do, at least, imply that G is solvable and some evidence is produced to support this view.

Multilevel Safety Climate and Safety Performance in the Construction Industry: Development and Validation of a Top-Down Mechanism.

The character of construction projects exposes front-line workers to dangers and accidents. Safety climate has been confirmed to be a predictor of safety performance in the construction industry. This study aims to explore the underlying mechanisms of the relationship between multilevel safety climate and safety performance. An integrated model was developed to study how particular safety climate factors of one level affect those of other levels, and then affect safety performance from the top down. A questionnaire survey was administered on six construction sites in Vietnam. A total of 1030 valid questionnaires were collected from this survey. Approximately half of the data were used to conduct exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and the remaining data were submitted to structural equation modeling (SEM). Top management commitment (TMC) and supervisors’ expectation (SE) were identified as factors to represent organizational safety climate (OSC) and supervisor safety climate (SSC), respectively, and coworkers’ caring and communication (CCC) and coworkers’ role models (CRM) were identified as factors to denote coworker safety climate (CSC). SEM results show that OSC factor is positively related to SSC factor and CSC factors significantly. SSC factor could partially mediate the relationship between OSC factor and CSC factors, as well as the relationship between OSC factor and safety performance. CSC factors partially mediate the relationship between OSC factor and safety performance, and the relationship between SSC factor and safety performance. The findings imply that a positive safety culture should be established both at the organizational level and the group level. Efforts from all top management, supervisors, and coworkers should be provided to improve safety performance in the construction industry.

How can ‘smart’ also be socially sustainable? Insights from the case of Milan

This paper contributes to the literature on social sustainability in urban governance, with a focus on how this concept may be integrated into a Smart City strategy, so that excessive enthusiasm for smart technologies does not lead to neglect of the social implications of certain policies or programmes. By relying on a case study-based analysis, this work explores the path followed by the municipal government of Milan, and shows that integration of social sustainability into the Smart City strategy can be pursued by focusing both on the ‘content’ and the ‘process’ of strategy building. Rather than playing a strong leadership role, the planning department on the internal front and the entire municipality on the external front have chosen a role based on co-creation with citizens and other relevant stakeholders. The benefits of this approach may include the bottom-up character of several projects, better responsiveness and greater opportunities for different categories of actors; the drawbacks may include greater difficulty in ensuring that certain objective are reached (e.g. in terms of fairness and representativeness) and a higher risk of the dispersion of resources. This case also points to the difficulty of assessing the social sustainability of multiple rather than individual projects and programmes combined in a Smart City strategy: projects may reinforce each other in their social impact, or otherwise hinder possible benefits; also, a municipality may choose a combination of smart projects and programmes that attach different weights to economic, environmental and social sustainability objectives.

Some remarks concerning the cost/benefit analysis applied to LHC at CERN

The cost/benefit analysis originally developed for infrastructures in the economic sector has recently been extended by Florio et al. to infrastructures of basic research. As a case study the large accelerator LHC at CERN and its experiments have been selected since as a paradigmatic example of frontier research they offer an excellent case to test the CBA model. It will be shown that in spite of this improved method the LHC poses serious difficulties for such an analysis. Some principle difficulties are due to the special character of scientific projects. Their main result is the production of new basic scientific knowledge whose net social value cannot be easily expressed in monetary terms. Other problems are related to the very strong integration of LHC into the general activities of CERN providing however, interesting observations concerning a new management style for global projects. Finally the mission of CERN (including LHC) is unique since it was founded with two tasks—promote science and bring nations together. No way has yet been developed to assess in economic terms success for the second objective. The main conclusion is that the overall result of the CB analysis, the Net Present Value, although positive for LHC, has a large uncertainty and if used to assess a project needs a detailed discussion. On the other hand partial results can be very useful, for example for the results of education or technology transfer.

The smooth surfaces in ℙ4 with few apparent triple points

We classify smooth complex projective surfaces in [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text] apparent triple points, thus recovering and extending the results of Ascione [Sulle superficie immerse in un [Formula: see text], le cui trisecanti costituiscono complessi di [Formula: see text] ordine, Atti Accad. Naz. Lincei Rend. Cl. Sci. Fis. Mat. Natur.[Formula: see text]5[Formula: see text] 6 (1897) 162–169] and Severi [Intorno ai punti doppi impropri di una superficie generale dello spazio a quattro dimensioni, e a’ suoi punti tripli apparenti, Rend. Circ. Mat. Palermo 15 (1901) 33–51] for [Formula: see text], Marletta [Le superficie generali dell’ [Formula: see text] dotate di due punti tripli apparenti, Rend. Circ. Mat. Palermo 34 (1912) 179–186] for [Formula: see text], and Aure [The smooth surfaces in [Formula: see text] without apparent triple points, Duke Math. J. 57 (1988) 423–430] for [Formula: see text]. This is done thanks to a new projective character that can be introduced as a consequence of the main result of [K. Ranestad, On smooth plane curve fibrations in [Formula: see text], in Geometry of Complex Projective Varieties, Sem. Conf., Vol. 9 (Mediterranean, 1993), pp. 243–255; J. C. Sierra and A. L. Tironi, Some remarks on surfaces in [Formula: see text] containing a family of plane curves, J. Pure Appl. Algebra 209 (2007) 361–369; V. Beorchia and G. Sacchiero, Surfaces in [Formula: see text] with a family of plane curves, J. Pure Appl. Algebra 213 (2009) 1750–1755]. Going a bit further, we obtain some bounds on the Euler characteristic [Formula: see text] in terms of the degree [Formula: see text] and the sectional genus [Formula: see text] of a smooth surface in [Formula: see text]. For [Formula: see text], these bounds were first obtained in [A. B. Aure and K. Ranestad, The smooth surfaces of degree [Formula: see text] in [Formula: see text], in Complex Projective Geometry, London Mathematical Society Lecture Note Series, Vol. 179 (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1992), pp. 32–46; K. Ranestad, On smooth surfaces of degree [Formula: see text] in the projective fourspace, Ph.D. thesis, Oslo (1988); S. Popescu, On smooth surfaces of degree [Formula: see text] in the projective fourspace, Dissertation, Saarbrücken (1993)]. Here we give a different argument based on liaison that works also for [Formula: see text] and that allows us to determine the triples [Formula: see text] of the smooth surfaces with [Formula: see text] apparent triple points.

ABOUT THE RELATIONSHIP OF PROTECTIVE REFLECTION OF RATIONALIZATION BY CIRCUMSTANCES OF MOTHER AND PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING OF CHILD

The article shows the relationship of protective reflection of rationalization by circumstances of mother and psychological well-being of the child. Particular attention is paid to the peculiarities of parent-child relationship, the mother causes the protective reflexes that promote the appearance of certain indicators of psychological distress of the child. The article points out that it is on the extent to which manifested a protective reflex to rationalize the circumstances of mothers with projective character. The scientific novelty of the research is to what extent a manifestation of character accentuations closest to the child rearing adults - mothers, manifested in a protective reflex to rationalize the circumstances and characteristics of parent-child relationships, cause indicators of psychological distress of children. Relevance of the research in the article content is determined by studying the significance of this aspect in connection with the need to create a family and educational institution environment conservation psychological well-being of the child. Baseline confidence in the world, to themselves and people around the child is formed in early childhood with significant adults bringing up and, to a greater extent - the mother. The study has been confirmed the assumption that the psychological disadvantage preschool children, manifested in the form of insecurity, aggression and increased impulsiveness, a substantial originality in the affective, cognitive and behavioral areas. The mechanism that triggers a psychological disadvantage of the child, are not constructive relationship with the child bringing up an adult (in the family - mother), due to safety (pathogenic) reflection. Protective strategies of the Child expressed its cautious and defensive, or aggressive and offensive position, arising in response to the non-constructive attitude towards him adult, contribute to the manifestation of insecurity, aggressiveness, impulsivity, isolation, and other indicators of psychological distress developing the child's personality. These studies have confirmed the dependence of protective reflexes rationalization circumstances of mothers with high and low rates of projective character, the manifestation of them in the parent-child relationship and the impact on the psychological well-being of children.

Women, nature, and development in sites of Ecuador's petroleum circuit

This article argues that the contradictory character of Ecuador's current development project is made evident through a focus on energy resource management from a feminist ecological perspective. The hydrocarbon exploitation fundamental to these projects transforms women's roles in social reproduction and production, their relationship with nature, and their dependence on state‐institutionalized energy regimes. We examine changes in women's territorially based work of care at sites in Ecuador's petroleum circuit. An ethnographic focus on the transformation of women's daily lives at sites of petroleum exploration, exploitation, and processing in Ecuador reveals an often overlooked dimension of the socioenvironmental conflicts produced by the intensification of national economic insertion into the global energy market. This article thus examines the intersection of state development policies and the gendered construction of subjects of development. The exploitation of natural resources transforms the meanings and values of nature and development, of women's work of care, and of the participation of these in different energy regimes.

The character table of an involution centralizer in the Dempwolff group 25·GL5(2)

The Dempwolff group D = 25· GL5(2) has an involution centralizer of the type 25· (24 :GL4(2)) of index 31 and has order 10321920. In this paper, the Fischer-Clifford matrices of the non-split extension are computed. Then the character table of is constructed using these Fischer-Clifford matrices, the ordinary character table of 24:GL4(2) and the projective character tables of the inertia factor groups H2 = 24 :(23 :GL3 (2)) and .

Social Investment of Pension Funds Perspective: The Case of Russia

The current survey aims to draw a perspective on the social investment of pension funds in Russia. The author defines the concept within the context of the Conventions Theory. The practice of the social investment of pension funds presupposes a complex architecture of social order that combines dominant domestic market world principles with elements from the civic and industrial world. The new order is achieved through a compromise of domestic value orientations and the competition for pension funds, the collective character of investments with its temporal and spatial attachment, calculation of risks and profits, as well as focus on results. The study employs a qualitative research with a regression analysis. The results indicate that in St. Petersburg (Russia), despite the individuals’ pessimism towards the pension system, there is a glimmer of interest in this issue. Respondents admit the likelihood of socially responsible investing their pension funds in case the rate of return on these investment projects will not be less than the interest on bank deposits. The important factors of attracting pension funds in social projects are: the local character of investment projects, the short-term individual consumption perspective, and the state regulation of social investment market. The author concludes that social investing has a potential to become an alternative way in the pension system evolution in Russia. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n6p170

Comparative Matters: The Renaissance of Comparative Constitutional Law. By Ran Hirschl. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014. 320 pp. $45.00 cloth.

Comparative Matters: The Renaissance of Comparative Constitutional Law. By Ran Hirschl. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014. 320 pp. $45.00 cloth.As the epigraph to one chapter in his impressive volume, Comparative Matters: The Renaissance of Comparative Constitutional Law, Ran Hirschl offers the following exchange between the archaeologist Howard Carter and his patron, Lord Carnarvon, on Carter's entry into Tutankhamun's tomb: Can you see anything? Yes, wonderful things! The epigraph might aptly frame the volume as whole. Hirschl's ambition is to seize pivotal moment in the development of constitutional scholarship and to help those engaged in the field to see more and better. There is tone of excitement and affection in the pages, born of the recent and rapid spread of constitutionalism and judicial review, which has been accompanied by marked growth in scholarly-and juridical- interest in constitutional study. Hirschl sees the scholarly possibilities attendant on such moment and regards the constitutional enterprise as poised to enrich our understanding of modern constitutional life.And yet this enthusiastic tone is accompanied by one of concern because, as Hirschl sees it, the field of constitutional study is currently afflicted by a fuzzy and rather incoherent epistemological and methodological matrix (5), shortfall in selfunderstanding that prevents the scholarly enterprise from realizing its potential. In particular, the range and variety of approaches that are collected under the mantle of constitutional study has deprived us of clear view of what the character of the comparative project is and ought to be, and of refined sense of what methods are well calibrated to its ends. In this volume, Hirschl seeks to address this weakness by drawing the reader through the intellectual history and contemporary quandaries of constitutional inquiry and by charting out kind of methodological desiderata for the field.Indeed, the heart of Comparative Matters is plea for constitutional study to be more energetically and resolutely interdisciplinary, engaging, in particular, with the social sciences and empirical methods. The latter half of Hirschl's book is dedicated to this methodological call, with Chapter 4 urging shift from constitutional law to constitutional signalling an enterprise more closely tied to the contextual focus of the social sciences and less anchored to conventional forms of legal analysis. One need not wholly concur with Hirschl that the style of constitutional reflection in the legal academy is quite so thin on such social and political framing to nevertheless profit from his account of why deeper engagement with the social sciences and its methods would enrich the field of constitutional study. In Chapters 5 and 6, Hirschl examines key methodological tensions that must be reckoned with for the field to continue to develop (the universal versus the particular and critiques from the global south) and offers set of principles and methodological rules. In these latter pages, Hirschl sets out principles of case selection in small-N studies and advocates for the greater use of large-N empirical studies. Hirschl is not overly sanguine about such studies, carefully noting the limits and risks involved. But he is insistent that research method must be calibrated to research aim and that if one aspires to meaningful causal claims or explanatory theories, such well-crafted studies are important arrows in the constitutionalist's quiver.The force of these methodological arguments rests, however, on the work that Hirschl does in the first half of the book. The first three chapters, each fascinating and erudite, appear vastly different in their focus and character. Chapter 1 addresses the currently salient issue of top courts citing the constitutional jurisprudence of foreign countries. …

제주시 원도심 주민참여형 재생사업의 총괄계획가 운영 모델 수립에 관한 연구

The purpose of this study is to find important factors for establishment of masterplanner operating model in residents' participation regeneration project suitable for small provincial city compared with Seoul city's which were already operated these days. The study showed the following results: 1) Conditions required for masterplanners are professional, regionality, sustainability, balance, independence. 2) Regionality and professionality can be guaranteed by expert-recommendation and perform manual suitable for character of project and regional conditions. 3) Conditions required for masterplanners are applied flexibly depending on the size and duration of project.

Evaluating the modus operandi of construction supply chains using organization control theory

Supply chains are omnipresent. However, the modus operandi of the construction supply chain is not clearly established in the literature. This might be attributable to the character of construction projects and the structure of the construction industry. Formal and informal control mechanisms are well established in retail and manufacturing supply chains whichis evident in improved product performance. However, there is a paucity of research on the construction supply chain especially atidentifying the interplay of control mechanisms and their relationship with project performance. In the case of large and complex construction projects, the client-contractor relationship requires input control, behaviour control and output control for successful project delivery. In the light of organisationcontrol theory and the existing literature on construction supply chains, this study evaluates the modus operandi of the client-contractor relationship based on three control mechanisms: input control (project risk and reward power, and intra-project communication), behaviour control (opportunism) and output control (project performance) using a structural equation model. A survey data of258 construction professionals working on construction projectsin Indiawas collected. The study findingsreveal that input control, in terms of project risk and reward power,and intra-project communication, largely influence behaviour control in terms of opportunism. However, behaviour controls do not directly affect output control in terms of project performance; rather, a direct effect of the input control mechanism of output control is particularly evident.

Correlation between science and worldview in the light of M. Heidegger’s fundamental ontology

The article clarifies the correlation between science, philosophy and worldview in the light of M.Heideggers fundamental ontology. Theworldview, according to Heidegger, is a way of self-understanding and self-interpretation of man in the modern (modern European) science. Both worldview and private sciences have a positive character. That means that ideology, like private sciences, deals with things and not with existence. The question of worldview (the correlation between philosophy and worldview) is essential for the institutional identity of phenomenological philosophy as such. The author shows that the specific character and originality of Heidegger's philosophical project (fundamental ontology) is largely connected with a consistent and essentialdistinction between philosophy and worldview. The relation of the phenomenon of worldview with humanism and anthropocentrism is explained. According to Heidegger, humanism and anthropocentrism are part of any worldview, worldview as such, not only a certain type of worldview. The meaning of Heideggers disidentification of the concepts of essence (Seiende) and object (Gegenstand) for fundamental ontology in general and the interpretation of ideology and science in particular is identified. It is established that, as a rule, Heidegger understands science not as the totality of positive sciences (sciences of the essence), and not as a special type of perception, but as the dimension of the being of essence and the way of entity of essence, that was established and became dominant in European culture of themodern age.

Analysis of the Influence of a Strategy-led Planning Approach on Successful Construction Project Implementation

This paper presents arguments for the development of a strategy-led approach to planning and implementation of construction projects. It takes the position that there are deficiencies in traditional planning algorithms, which make them inefficient to cope with the unique character of construction projects. Thus a combination of construction project strategies crafted from experiential knowledge (reflective practice methodologies) and traditional planning algorithms are needed for successful construction project planning and implementation. To confirm the argument, the study investigates the influence of strategies on 35 critical success factors which were identified through literature. It uses a combination of data collected through a questionnaire survey of 40 NZIOB Excellence award recipients for the period 2001 to 2011, and interviews with three subject matter experts to validate the influence of the strategy-led approach towards some selected critical success factors. A correlation analysis shows that there is a positive relationship between increasing project complexity and the use of strategies. Further, content analysis of study information collected suggests that complementary approaches herein referred to as the strategy-led approach is needed to achieve successful project outcomes.

CREATIVE CORE WITHIN THE SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH OF EDUCATIONAL PROBLEMS

. The authors continue to explore the issue of practical methodology of research studies (Education and Science No 8, 2014). The aim of the study is to reveal theoretical and practical issues of empirical-research activity at the stages of conceptual problem understanding of pedagogical research, ideas promotion, development of the conception of their practical implementation and formation of scientifically grounded constructive hypotheses. Methods . The applied methods include theoretical analysis, synthesis, abstraction, idealization, generalization, specification, comparison, classification, extrapolation, modelling and hermeneutic interpretation. Results . Scientifically grounded description of the process of creative research of educational problems is presented in the paper. The content of such notions as «concept», «creative core», «idea», «plot», and «research hypothesis» is revealed. The creative core of scientific research is considered in close relation to the key aspects of the scientific inquiry: problematics definition, research topic and subject selection, clarification of initial facts and theoretical statements, definition of the conceptual framework, determination of essential novelty. The authors explore the mechanisms of the scientific research through the analysis of the educational situation and initial facts to the formation of a conceptual framework of research and the further working out of its instrumental component. The creative core of research is characterised as its most difficult element including the inception of idea transformation, its realisation into some conception and expansion into productive hypothesis. The authors describe the types of hypotheses, such as working and scientific (ready), functional and explanatory. The logical and gnoseological structure of a scientific hypothesis is shown in the study. The methodological requirements to the formulation of the scientific hypotheses are described. The probable logic errors of the are characterized. It is given the samples of fundamentally new scientific and pedagogical hypotheses suggested by well-known Russian scientist during the last decades and which have proved its constructivemodified possibilities. The specific examples of failed hypothesis-generating attempts of newcomer researchers are mentioned. Scientific novelty . The authors point out the mechanisms of complicated and understudied process of hypothesis-generating, – the hypothesis formation due to mental abilities of a researcher. Complementarity of algorithmic and creative basis of the research activity, projective and reflexive character of scientific and pedagogical search integration are emphasized. Additionally, the authors arrange the common methodological mistakes made by researches during the process of developing the working hypotheses. Practical significance . The research findings can help researchers, students, postgraduate students and candidates for a doctor’s degree who master practical methodology scientific and pedagogical search to acquire the specific methods of hypothesizing, its verification and testing. It also can be useful to research adviors in order to enhance the creative strategy and constructiveness under their scientific supervision.