Circle Project Research Articles

Manipulating Time as Abolition Dramaturgy

This article considers theatrical manipulations of time as an abolition dramaturgy, or a theatrical technique that participates in the world-building project of abolition. First grappling with carceral and neoliberal notions of time, this article considers the ways that time is wielded as a weapon in dealing with conflict, resulting in what Ruth Wilson Gilmore refers to as a “premature death” of those deemed disposable within racial and carceral capitalism. Following this investigation of time as a decompositional tool, this article analyzes The Circle Project’s What Fools These Mortals Be, a filmed tableau vivant that contrasts the carceral weaponization of time with abolitionist dramaturgical generation, syncopation, and restart.

The Virtuous Circle Project by the City of Pereira, Colombia, as an Initiative for Territorial Transformation

El proyecto Círculo Virtuoso (CV), de la ciudad de Pereira, busca la transformación del territorio y el desarrollo socioeconómico de la ciudad a través de la promoción de una sociedad productiva y equitativa basada en el conocimiento. Ideado en el 2012 por la Oficina de Planeación de la Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, el CV integra ciclos vitales con ciclos productivos, estructurado bajo tres componentes (salud sensorial, psicosocial y pedagógico), distribuidos en cinco eslabones (jardín, colegio, universidad, red de nodos, y comunidades innovadoras) que, articulados entre sí, y de manera secuencial, prometen alcanzar «la sociedad deseada». A pesar de haber sido catalogado tan solo como un proyecto educativo durante sus diez años de implementación, su motivación e implementación, así como su alto nivel de inclusión de actores múltiples provenientes de diferentes sistemas sociotécnicos, presenta matices de instrumento de política de innovación local con visión sistémica. Dichos elementos, poco tradicionales en iniciativas de ciudad, unidos a características particulares del CV que modifican paradigmas del desarrollo territorial, logran alinearse con lo propuesto por el marco de políticas de innovación transformativa. Siendo el CV un instrumento de planeación con limitados intentos de evaluación y análisis de impacto, la aplicación de la herramienta Radar: 7 principios de innovación transformativa es la oportunidad para denotar que la creación de narrativas transformadoras, el desarrollo de planes de evaluación formativa y la implementación de gobernanzas horizontales son elementos indispensables en instrumentos de desarrollo que, como el CV, pretenden transformar el territorio.

Moving Beyond Resistance and Readiness: Reframing Change Reactions as Change Related Subject Positioning

ABSTRACT In this paper, line managers’ experiences of, and discursive subject positioning in, a participatory work environment initiative in four nursing homes called ‘The Health Circle Project’ is examined. We focus on line managers’ change related subject positioning by interviewing the managers of the four workplaces before and after the initiative and conduct a comparative case study from a discursive psychology frame. The aim of this paper is to focus on change reactions from managers and move beyond a reductionistic dichotomy of change resistance/readiness. Instead, we focus our analysis on the change related subject positioning the managers engage in, and how they position both themselves and their subordinates. Hence, we examine how the line managers experienced the participatory Health Circle intervention, and how they reacted to potential loss of power to discursively construct and define work environment problems caused by the initiative. The study exemplifies how the line managers experienced the Health Circle intervention as both confirming and challenging their subject positions as capable managerial subjects. Finally, in the light of the analysis, the potential unintended consequences of engaging in participatory work environment intiatives and similar activities are discussed. MAD statement Resistance to change is one of the most frequently used explanations for why change processes fail. The current study presents a more nuanced theoretical concept, change-related subject positioning and explores how increasing employee participation, can elicit unintended reactions from managers. This study hence contributes to our understanding of how a, in principle, positive change process of empowering employees to improve working conditions leads to a multitude of change related subject positioning from managers. Some managers embrace the change and position themselves in line with the employee participants. Others feel threatened which in extreme cases leads to negative positioning of their subordinates.

A novel camera calibration method based on circle projection model

Camera calibration is one of the important factors affecting measurement accuracy in the field of visual measurement, and the camera calibration method with high precision and strong robustness is the prerequisite for ensuring high-precision visual measurement. Among the commonly used calibration methods, target-based calibration methods have high accuracy and good flexibility. However, the feature extraction of checkerboard targets is prone to noise interference. Circle targets have higher feature extraction accuracy, but will introduce eccentricity errors in the center of the circle projection. In order to eliminate the eccentricity error of circle targets, this paper proposes a camera calibration method based on the circle projection model, which does not rely on the central projection coordinates, but directly constructs the mapping between the circle equation on the target and the elliptic equation in the camera image, and solves the optimal mapping parameters through nonlinear optimization algorithm. Through simulation and experiments, it has been proven that the calibration method based on the circle projection model has high calibration accuracy and anti-noise interference ability, providing a guarantee for high-precision visual measurement.

Community Meta-Box: A Deployable Micro Space for New Publicness in High-Density City

Insufficient public space in high-density communities is an urgent issue as China’s rapid urbanization continues. With the concept of micro urban renewal as a background, this paper explores the method of using easily deployable architecture that creates small-scale, mass-produced, and customized public spaces in Community Life Circle (CLC) development projects. Using Shanghai’s Community Meta-Box scheme as a case study, the paper analyzes and proves the concept and method—technologically and socially. From a technological perspective, we investigate architectural customization, the use of integrated design-fabrication platforms, and architectural robotics technologies. An integrated design-manufacture-assembly process presents a novel approach to constructing customized micro public spaces, catering to diverse site conditions and the varied needs of residents. Open customization and material recycling technology will offer a fresh perspective on community co-construction and low-carbon development as the world responds to sustainability challenges. From a social angle, we reveal how micro public spaces invigorate communities. Diversity and mobility can stimulate social interactions through the mechanism of theatricality. These new time-space architectural design dimensions present a new opportunity to improve Community Life Circle projects. In summary, this paper shows it is possible to revolutionize the design and construction of public spaces.

An Out-of-Focus Image Calibration Method Based on Accurate Positioning of Concentric Circle Projection Center

An Out-of-Focus Image Calibration Method Based on Accurate Positioning of Concentric Circle Projection Center

High Accuracy, 6-DoF Simultaneous Localization and Calibration Using Visible Light Positioning

Benefiting from the development of image sensors and the popularity of light-emitting diode (LED) lighting technology, visible light positioning (VLP) technology based on image sensors has ushered in vigorous development and broad prospects, which can provide low-cost and high-accuracy position service. However, the existing approaches require dense LEDs or sensors such as gyroscopes to assist positioning, which limits the area and lower the accuracy of positioning because of the errors from imperfect sensors. In this article, we propose a simultaneous localization and calibration VLP method based on double coplanar circular LED lights aiming to get rid of the dependence on additional sensors and dense LED transmitters. By the pinhole camera model and the perspective projection of circle, our proposed method extends the available position area and relaxes the required quantity of LED to two. The experiment result showed that our system has a mean 3D positioning accuracy of 7.91cm, a mean angle error of less than 1.6°, and an average latency of 182ms on mobile devices.

The Siebeck–Marden–Northshield Theorem and the Real Roots of the Symbolic Cubic Equation

The isolation intervals of the real roots of the symbolic monic cubic polynomial x^3 + a x^2 + b x + c are determined, in terms of the coefficients of the polynomial, by solving the Siebeck–Marden–Northshield triangle—the equilateral triangle that projects onto the three real roots of the cubic polynomial and whose inscribed circle projects onto an interval with endpoints equal to stationary points of the polynomial.

Climatology of equatorial and low-latitude F region kilometer-scale irregularities over the meridian circle around 120°E/60°W

The occurrences of equatorial plasma bubble (EPB) irregularities over Asian and American sectors often show a different behavior due to significantly different geometries of the geomagnetic field. By using the GPS total electron content observations over equatorial and low latitudes sectors of Asian (about 120°E) and American (about 60°W) during 1997–2018, we present a comparative study of long-term occurrences of EPB kilometer-scale irregularities over the two longitude sectors. The results show that post-sunset EPB irregularities over the Asian sector were positively correlated with solar activity. However, in the American sector, such a positive dependence was not apparent in 2000–2002, which could be partly induced by limited data available during the high occurrence season of solar maximum when the GPS receivers frequently lost lock. The geomagnetic disturbance tends to inhibit the generation of EPB irregularities over both sectors during post-sunset but enhance their generation during post-midnight. The latitudinal distribution of EPB irregularities exhibited a double-peak structure centered within ± 10° (dip lat.), with the latitudinal limit below ± 25° at solar maximum in both sectors and below ± 20° and ± 10° at solar minimum in American and Asian sectors, respectively. Specifically, in the American sector, the occurrence rates were about two times higher than those in the Asian sector, and the occurrence rates in the northern hemisphere were apparently lower than those in the southern hemisphere. The enhanced ionization by particle precipitation over the South Atlantic Magnetic Anomaly region could cause the north–south asymmetry of occurrence rates of EPB irregularities. The results help in designing experiments to understand better the generation of EPB irregularities under the future international meridian circle project.

Afterlives of Indigenous Archives: Essays in Honor of “The Occom Circle.” Edited by Ivy Schweitzer and Gordon Henry. Hanover, NH: Dartmouth College Press, 2019. Pp. x+248.

These are questions that, for most archivists, rarely come into play. They are questions, however, that continue to trouble investigations into the Indigenous archives, which, after all, have spectral afterlives, resonances and traces that bear the tragic wisdom of enduring four hundred years of settler colonial violence and yet continue to “resist annihilation.” This pertains to the Occom Circle Project as well, for while it is a superbly conceived and executed resource, one of the better digital archives that I have encountered, it remains housed in the halls of Dartmouth, whose official seal still depicts two naked Indians being pulled, as though by tractor beam, toward the shimmering vision of a giant Christian Bible hovering like the sun over the venerable institution. For those who know Occom’s history and the history of the New England tribes, Dartmouth too is a “fraught space.” This collection opens up a poignant conversation about how scholars, entering into both traditional and digital archives, will have to engage with such spaces and arrive at respectful solutions for dealing with the spectral afterlives of Indigenous archives.

The Red Circle project: A first step towards an alternative learning system

The Red Circle project: A first step towards an alternative learning system

The synergetic effect of pelvic rotation and X-ray offset on radiographic angles of the acetabular cup.

The objective of this study is to investigate the synergetic effect of thepelvic rotation and X-ray offset on the radiographic anteversion/inclination (RA/RI) angles of the acetabular cup using a mathematical model. A cone model for establishing the spatial relationship between a three-dimensional (3D) circle and its two-dimensional (2D) elliptical projection is utilized to quantify the relationship between the 3D RA/RI angles of the cup and their 2D counterparts with different types of pelvic rotations in pelvic/hip anteroposterior radiographs. The results reveal that the effect of inlet/outlet views on the 2D RA angle is similar to that of iliac/obturator views. The permissible ranges of pelvic rotation for the 2D RA angle with an acceptable bias are the 3D space formed by the limits of triple axial rotations. For a specified acceptable bias of the 2D RA angle, these ranges are almost equal between pelvic and hip radiographs. The combined inlet/obturator or outlet/iliac views can maintain the 2D RA angle of a pelvic radiograph within the same range of acceptable bias as that of a hip radiograph. For a 2D RA angle with an acceptable bias, the permissible range of pelvic rotation needs to be evaluated with equal attention in both radiographs. Graphical abstract The traditional methods for calculating the radiographic angles of the acetabular cup are based on the ellipse projection of the opening circle of the cup on radiographs. However, with varying locations of the X-ray source and pelvis rotations about different axes, the outline of this ellipse projection will change, and accordingly, the traditional method and calculating results will be inaccurate. In this study, a cone model for three-dimensional circle-to-two-dimensional ellipse projection is utilized to incorporate the effect of X-ray offset and quantify the relationships of the radiographic angles of the cup with the true orientation of the cup and pelvic rotations in either pelvic or hip anteroposterior radiographic situation.

A digital anatomic investigation of the safe triangle areas for L1-5 percutaneous minimally invasive discectomy.

To reconstruct the three-dimensional safe triangle areas at L1-5 based on the computed tomography digital data, analyze the safe scopes for the puncture location and angles, and provide anatomic references for percutaneous lumbar discectomy. Computed tomography data from patients and control group were imported from the database and anatomical reference parameters were measured in Mimics software. The rebuilt model was rotated clockwise along the M-axis to measure the inscribed circle radius of the safe triangle at different angles. Based on the outer diameter of the largest cannula, the safe angles were calculated. The distances between points on the projection of safe triangle-inscribed circle and the upper lumbar spinous process were measured. Similarly, while the safe triangle was on the left side, the model was contra-rotated to measure all the parameters. There was no significant difference between the patient and control group in both the least distance between the selected anatomical reference locations and the safe triangle-inscribed circle radius at L4-5. According to the series which had a largest cannula of 2.5mm, the safe puncture angles increased with the descending disc levels. The optimal angles were 40°-45° for L1-2, 45°-50° for L2-3, 50° for L3-4, and 55° for L4-5 separately. The differences between genders in the distances of paired reference points were significant. Individual safe localization of the percutaneous puncture could be obtained by analyzing the three-dimensional relationship between the puncture localization and anatomical landmarks.

Analysis for center deviation of circular target under perspective projection

PurposeAccurate feature localization is a fundamental problem in computer vision and visual measurement. In a perspective projection model of the camera, the projected center of a spatial circle and the center of the projection ellipse are not identical. This paper aims to show how to locate the real projection center precisely in the perspective projection of a space circle target.Design/methodology/approachBy analyzing the center deviation caused by projection transformation, a novel method is presented to precisely locate the real projection center of a space circle using projective geometry. Solution distribution of the center deviation is analyzed, and the quadratic equation for determining the deviation is derived by locating vanishing points. Finally, the actual projected center of the circular target is achieved by solving the deviation quadratic equations.FindingsThe procedures of the author’s method are simple and easy to implement. Experimental data calculated that maximum deviation occurs at approximately between 3π/10 and 2π/5 of the angle between the projection surface and the space target plane. The absolute reduction in error is about 0.03 pixels; hence, it is very significant for a high-accuracy solution of the position of the space circle target by minimizing systematic measurement error of the perspective projection.Originality/valueThe center deviation caused by the space circle projection transformation is analyzed, and the detailed algorithm steps to locate the real projection center precisely are described.

SCOUT: A new algorithm for the inference of pseudo-time trajectory using single-cell data

Single cell technology is a powerful tool to reveal intercellular heterogeneity and discover cellular developmental processes. When analyzing the complexity of cellular dynamics and variability, it is important to construct a pseudo-time trajectory using single-cell expression data to reflect the process of cellular development. Although a number of computational and statistical methods have been developed recently for single-cell analysis, more effective and efficient methods are still strongly needed. In this work we propose a new method named SCOUT for the inference of single-cell pseudo-time ordering with bifurcation trajectories. We first propose to use the fixed-radius near neighbors algorithms based on cell densities to find landmarks to represent the cell states, and employ the minimum spanning tree (MST) to determine the developmental branches. We then propose to use the projection of Apollonian circle or a weighted distance to determine the pseudo-time trajectories of single cells. The proposed algorithm is applied to one synthetic and two realistic single-cell datasets (including single-branching and multi-branching trajectories) and the cellular developmental dynamics is recovered successfully. Compared with other popular methods, numerical results show that our proposed method is able to generate more robust and accurate pseudo-time trajectories. The code of the method is implemented in Python and available at https://github.com/statway/SCOUT.

Rock‐ring detection accuracy improvement in infrared satellite image with sub‐pixel edge detection

The projection of space circle can be used for relative pose measurement of satellite targets. The accuracy of elliptical parameters plays an important role in the accuracy of pose recovery. However, the quality of space visible and infrared image is poor. The traditional ellipse detection method is mainly based on the edge of pixel-accuracy-wise and the ellipse accuracy is low, resulting in pose measurement errors. In this study, a sub-pixel-accuracy-wise edge-based ellipse fitting method is proposed to improve the ellipse accuracy. To realise this goal, we improved the arc-based ellipse detection method and designed sub-pixel-edge-based ellipse detection method. Experimental results show that the ellipse accuracy fitted by sub-pixel edge coordinates is at least 50% higher than that by pixel edge coordinates, especially when the ellipse is incomplete. The author's method is the first one to propose and verify the sub-pixel edge coordinate which contributes to enhancing ellipse accuracy.

From Marginalized to Validated: An In-depth Case Study of an Asian American, Native American and Pacific Islander Serving Institution

This article highlights the capacity of an Asian American, Native American and Pacific Islander Institution (AANAPISI) to serve as an institutional convertor—by addressing challenges commonly associated with marginalized students—for low-income, Asian American and Pacific Islander students entering college. Through an in-depth case study, we explored the extent to which an AANAPISI-funded program, the Full Circle Project, improved students' ability to overcome barriers. We found that this program—an extension of the institution—acknowledges students' circumstances, thereby helping them to plug into an otherwise inaccessible, rough college terrain. We conclude with a discussion and implications for theory and practice.

A Single LED Positioning System Based on Circle Projection

A simple and efficient visible light positioning (VLP) system based on a single LED lamp is proposed and demonstrated. In our system, a common circular LED lamp with a point marker is used as a transmitter and a smartphone camera serves as a receiver. The LED image is no longer treated as a point as in the existing works, but as an image whose geometric features are exploited to determine the receiver's orientation and location relative to the reference LED lamp. The expressions for determining the receiver's orientation and location are derived in terms of the geometric parameters. Our algorithm enhances the system robustness by overcoming the possible interruptions in conventional VLP systems, which require multiple LEDs. Meanwhile, it avoids the usage of angular sensors, which are unable to provide reliable and accurate measurements on receiver's orientation in mobile indoor environment. We experimentally evaluate and analyze the performance of the proposed VLP system. A centimeter-level positioning accuracy is achieved in an area of 3 m × 3 m.

Ventilator bundle guided by context of JCI settings can effectively reduce the morbidity of ventilator-associated pneumonia

To observe the impact of improving the compliance of ventilator bundle on morbidity of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in intensive care unit (ICU) patients undergoing mechanical ventilation (MV) guided by context of Joint Commission International (JCI) settings, and to study the oral care efficacy of suction tube sponge brush. A prospective study was conducted. The patients who needed MV admitted to Department of Critical Care Medicine of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University from January 2013 to December 2016 were enrolled. In the context of JCI settings, necessary measurements were taken to enhance the compliance of ventilator bundle each year. In 2013, the preventive measures were set up and the education was strengthened. In 2014, the compliance of hand hygiene and bedside elevation was strengthened. In 2015, a control study was conducted to evaluate the effect between the traditional cotton dipped in chlorhexidine and the suction tube sponge brush rinsed with chlorhexidine on oral health impact parameters. The suction tube sponge brush rinsed with chlorhexidine oral care was introduced to improve compliance. In 2016, electronic bundle checklist for daily self-audits was conducted. The annually morbidity of VAP through the software of hospital and ICU was collected and calculated. The annual incidence of VAP was indicated by the VAP cases per 1 000 MV days. Based on the VAP incidence rate in 2013 as 1, the VAP incidence-rate ratio (IRR) of each year was calculated. During the study period, a total of 2 733 patients admitted to the ICU, including 1 403 patients undergoing MV. Ninety-four of the 1 403 patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), aspiration pneumonia, back elevation ban, incomplete information, and withdrew from the study were excluded. 1 399 patients undergoing MV were enrolled in the final analysis, with total MV days of 11 012 days, and 94 patients occurred VAP. The annual incidence of VAP was progressively declined from 2013 to 2016, and the VAP cases per 1 000 MV days were 17.0, 10.0, 5.9, 3.5 cases, respectively. Based on the VAP incidence rate in 2013, the IRR of VAP from 2014 to 2016 was also progressively declined, which was 0.59 [95% confidence interval (95%CI) = 0.35-0.98], 0.35 (95%CI = 0.18-0.64), and 0.21 (95%CI = 0.09-0.41), with statistical significance (all P < 0.05). In 2013, ICU patients had the lowest rates of bedside elevation and hand hygiene compliance, which were 28.57% and 54.29%, respectively. Compared with 2013, by the implementation of two quality control circle (QCC) projects for bedside elevation and hand hygiene, the rates of bedside elevation and hand hygiene compliance were improved significantly in 2014, which were 82.35%, 91.18%, respectively (both P < 0.05). In 2015, the compliance of chlorhexidine oral care which was the worst performed in 2014 had been improved by the method of QCC, and the rate of the compliance was significantly higher than that in 2013 (87.10% vs. 62.86%, P < 0.05). Compared with 2013, bundle compliance was significantly increased in 2016, except for the sterile operation of the suction tube [daily wake and weaning: 95.00% vs. 71.43%, bedside elevation for over 30degree angle: 92.50% vs. 28.57%, hand hygiene: 97.50% vs. 54.29%, chlorhexidine mouth care once per 6-8 hours: 95.00% vs. 62.86%, turned back and posture drainage: 97.50% vs. 80.00%], the differences were statistically significant (all P < 0.05). The incidences of bad breath, dirt residue and plaque were significantly lower in the group of oral care by using suction tube sponge brush with chlorhexidine (30 cases) compared with the group of traditional cotton pad with chlorhexidine (30 cases; bad breath: 10.0% vs. 40.0% %, dirt residue: 16.7% vs. 70.0%, plaque: 3.3% vs. 30.0%, all P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of oral ulcers between the oral brush group and the traditional group (10.0% vs. 30.0%, P > 0.05). Ventilator bundle can effectively reduce the morbidity of VAP in the context of JCI settings, and the oral care by using suction tube sponge brush and chlorhexidine can effectively improve oral hygiene.

Non-stationary reconstruction for dynamic fluorescence molecular tomography with extended kalman filter.

Dynamic fluorescence molecular tomography (FMT) plays an important role in drug delivery research. However, the majority of current reconstruction methods focus on solving the stationary FMT problems. If the stationary reconstruction methods are applied to the time-varying fluorescence measurements, the reconstructed results may suffer from a high level of artifacts. In addition, based on the stationary methods, only one tomographic image can be obtained after scanning one circle projection data. As a result, the movement of fluorophore in imaged object may not be detected due to the relative long data acquisition time (typically >1 min). In this paper, we apply extended kalman filter (EKF) technique to solve the non-stationary fluorescence tomography problem. Especially, to improve the EKF reconstruction performance, the generalized inverse of kalman gain is calculated by a second-order iterative method. The numerical simulation, phantom, and in vivo experiments are performed to evaluate the performance of the method. The experimental results indicate that by using the proposed EKF-based second-order iterative (EKF-SOI) method, we cannot only clearly resolve the time-varying distributions of fluorophore within imaged object, but also greatly improve the reconstruction time resolution (~2.5 sec/frame) which makes it possible to detect the movement of fluorophore during the imaging processes.