Projectivity Research Articles

Projection Mapping under Environmental Lighting by Replacing Room Lights with Heterogeneous Projectors.

Projection mapping (PM) is a technique that enhances the appearance of real-world surfaces using projected images, enabling multiple people to view augmentations simultaneously, thereby facilitating communication and collaboration. However, PM typically requires a dark environment to achieve high-quality projections, limiting its practicality. In this paper, we overcome this limitation by replacing conventional room lighting with heterogeneous projectors. These projectors replicate environmental lighting by selectively illuminating the scene, excluding the projection target. Our contributions include a distributed projector optimization framework designed to effectively replicate environmental lighting and the incorporation of a large-aperture projector, in addition to standard projectors, to reduce high-luminance emitted rays and hard shadows-undesirable factors for collaborative tasks in PM. We conducted a series of quantitative and qualitative experiments, including user studies, to validate our approach. Our findings demonstrate t hat our projector-based lighting system significantly enhancesthe contrast and realism of PM results even under e nvironmental lighting compared to typical lights. Furthermore, our method facilitates a substantial shift in the perceived color mode from the undesirable aperture-color mode, where observers perceive the projected object as self-luminous, to the surface-color mode in PM.

Real-Time Radiometric Compensation on Deforming Non-Rigid Surfaces using Motion Prediction in Projection Mapping

Real-Time Radiometric Compensation on Deforming Non-Rigid Surfaces using Motion Prediction in Projection Mapping

Characterizations of Paracompact Map

Paracompactness is a tool for splitting of a space. In this paper, new types of maps initiated called a paracompact map, S-paracompact mapping and β-paracompact mapping. The properties of these maps investigated. In addition, the relationships between a paracompact map with other maps discussed, such as Bourbaki proper mapping and closed mapping. Moreover, we studied the necessary conditions and properties for satisfying the composition of the new maps with the projection map and constant map are paracompact. The product of two paracompact maps also verified under necessary conditions

National mapping and assessment of ecosystem services projects in Europe – Participants’ experiences, state of the art and lessons learned

Backed by the Biodiversity Strategy to 2020 and 2030, numerous ‘Mapping and Assessment of Ecosystem Services’ (MAES) projects have been completed in recent years in the member states of the European Union, with substantial results and insights accumulated. The experience from the different approaches is a valuable source of information for developing assessment processes further, especially with regard to their uptake into policy and more recently, into ecosystem accounting. Systematic approaches towards best practices and lessons learned from national MAES projects are yet lacking. This study presents the results of a survey conducted with participants of national MAES projects overviewing 13 European MAES processes. Focus hereby is put on the types of methods used, the assessed ecosystem services, and the perceived challenges and advancements. All MAES projects assessed ecosystem services at several levels of the ecosystem service cascade (69% at least three levels), using a diverse set of data sources and methods (with 4.7 types of methods on average). More accessible data was used more frequently (e.g., statistical and literature data being the most popular). Challenges regarding policy uptake, synthesizing results, and data gaps or reliability were perceived as the most severe. Insufficient evaluation of uncertainty was seen as a major critical point, and emphasized as crucial for uptake and implementation. Moving towards accounting for ES in the frame of environmental-economic accounts, considering uncertainties of ES assessments should be even more important.

Application of Virtual Reality Technology in Historical and Cultural Landscape Reproduction

Abstract Virtual reality panoramic technology transcends the constraints of time and space, offering audiences immersive visual and auditory experiences that diminish the costs associated with exploring historical and cultural landscapes and enhance communication effectiveness. This study employs fisheye cameras to capture panoramic images of such landscapes. The collected images undergo correction via spherical projection and reflective planar unfolding mapping. Subsequently, an enhanced method for optimal stitching line selection is applied to ensure seamless transitions between spliced images. The process is completed by integrating image interpolation and projection algorithms to virtually recreate historical landscapes. Analytical assessment of the model’s reproduction effects focuses on point error and accuracy. A practical application involving a real historical and cultural landscape is examined, revealing a maximum control point deviation from the optical scan of 0.02m and a minimum of 0.0014m, which negligibly affects the landscape’s virtual representation. Reproducing an actual landscape image yielded a maximum measurement error of 0.02m, a minimum of 0.01m, and an average of 0.0175m, affirming the capability for precise replication. This paper introduces innovative approaches and methodologies for leveraging virtual reality technology in the accurate reproduction of historical and cultural landscapes, illustrating its practical utility and effectiveness.

Writing Qualitative Research Proposals Using the Pathway Project Mapping Tool

This article describes using the Qualitative Pathway Project Mapping Tool (QL-PPMT) to guide the development of rigorous qualitative research proposals. The original PPMT was initially developed to assist nursing students in planning their quantitative research proposals and has been widely used by faculty to advise student research projects. In this paper, we have adapted the 26 sections of the PPMT to provide a comprehensive checklist and road map for qualitative proposal planning. Further, we describe each section of the QL-PPMT in detail with examples and suggest additional resources to guide the development of evidence-based qualitative research proposals for new investigators, students, and trainees.

Efficient Distortion-Free Neural Projector Deblurring in Dynamic Projection Mapping.

Dynamic Projection Mapping (DPM) necessitates geometric compensation of the projection image based on the position and orientation of moving objects. Additionally, the projector's shallow depth of field results in pronounced defocus blur even with minimal object movement. Achieving delay-free DPM with high image quality requires real-time implementation of geometric compensation and projector deblurring. To meet this demand, we propose a framework comprising two neural components: one for geometric compensation and another for projector deblurring. The former component warps the image by detecting the optical flow of each pixel in both the projection and captured images. The latter component performs real-time sharpening as needed. Ideally, our network's parameters should be trained on data acquired in an actual environment. However, training the network from scratch while executing DPM, which demands real-time image generation, is impractical. Therefore, the network must undergo pre-training. Unfortunately, there are no publicly available large real datasets for DPM due to the diverse image quality degradation patterns. To address this challenge, we propose a realistic synthetic data generation method that numerically models geometric distortion and defocus blur in real-world DPM. Through exhaustive experiments, we have confirmed that the model trained on the proposed dataset achieves projector deblurring in the presence of geometric distortions with a quality comparable to state-of-the-art methods.

Consumer Acceptance Studies of Margarine to Guide Product Development in the Food Industry.

Margarine exhibits significant variations in composition, allowing it to cater to diverse consumer segments. This study aimed to characterize the physical and sensory attributes of margarine samples available in the Brazilian market. Twelve commercial samples from six different brands, encompassing 30% to 80% of lipid contents, were subjected to instrumental texture analysis and affective assessment. A total of 112 consumers participated in acceptance tests and Check-All-That-Apply (CATA) evaluations, while another group of 62 subjects performed Projective Mapping. Samples with lipid percentages exceeding 70% achieved the highest average acceptance scores for taste and overall impression. The brand with the lowest lipid content (30%) exhibited a stronger association with negative attributes, including rancid flavor and aroma, bitterness, and metallic flavor, resulting in lower average scores for aroma, flavor, texture, and overall impression. However, these scores were not statistically different from samples with 50% and 60% lipid content. Reducing lipid levels in fat-based products such as margarine poses a challenge to food manufacturers, as consumers generally perceive higher lipid percentages as indicative of superior flavor quality.

Analyzing larger sample sets with rapid methods: Incomplete-block designs with free-sorting and free-linking tasks

As rapid, holistic methods for similarity and description—such as sorting and projective mapping—have grown in popularity, a limiting factor is the number of samples that can be presented to subjects: more than 25 food samples decreases the quality and stability of results. While incomplete-block designs could address this, their use has not been developed for these holistic methods. In this paper we present an empirical investigation into the use of incomplete-block designs with free sorting and the newer free linking. We compare these two methods because while their results are comparable, the cognitive tasks are different, and thus their suitability for incomplete-block designs may differ. We evaluated the effects of incomplete-block designs in two studies. In Study 1, 20 subjects evaluated 6/10 chocolate bars by free linking in an incomplete-block design, with each subject completing 2 blocks; results were compared to a complete-block evaluation of the 10 bars by free sorting and free linking. In Study 2, a total of 90 subjects evaluated 62 terms from a chocolate flavor-wheel in 3 conditions (between subjects): free sorting with complete blocks (N = 30, all 62 terms) and free sorting (N = 30) or free linking (N = 30) with 3 incomplete blocks of 16/62 terms. We introduce a novel method to evaluate stability for the incomplete-block designs that we call “pairwise simulation.” From Study 1, we find that pairwise simulation provides adequate stability estimates and that, with sufficient pairwise cooccurrences, free linking with incomplete blocks produces results that are comparable to free sorting or linking with complete blocks. From Study 2, we demonstrate that free linking with incomplete blocks can produce high quality results from a large sample set, maintaining the increased discrimination capacity that marks free linking in general, and that with incomplete blocks, free linking is likely to be more stable than free sorting. This research demonstrates that incomplete-block designs can be used with free linking, and also provides a new, effective method through pairwise simulation for evaluating stability with incomplete-block designs, which cannot be resampled using standard bootstrapping approaches.

PREVENTIVE MODEL FOR CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE IN COASTAL AREA ABELI HEALTH CENTRE IN KENDARI CITY

Background: Chronic kidney failure is an iceberg phenomenon whose cases are not known with certainty in the coastal community in the Abeli Health Center area, Kendari City. However, the visible risk factors are the high prevalence of hypertension and diabetes. Therefore, the development of a prevention strategy is urgently needed and this study aims to formulate a prevention model for chronic kidney failure in the coastal area of Kendari City. Methods: This study used a qualitative method with a case study design in 3 sub-districts in the coastal area of the Abeli Health Center, Kendari City. The study was conducted in May – June 2023. There were 15 informants who were interviewed in depth and most of them were women. The results of the interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using theme analysis techniques. Visualization analysis and project map are used to formulate a community prevention model for chronic kidney disease. Results: The model of prevention efforts carried out by the community in the coastal area of the Abeli Health Center for the incidence of chronic kidney disease includes primary and secondary prevention. Primary prevention efforts include controlling food, checking health regularly, getting enough and regular rest, and doing enough physical activity. While the secondary prevention efforts are adequate and regular rest, stopping smoking, walking in the morning, doing activities at home. Conclusion: The results of this study are important to be followed up by the person in charge of the Abeli Health Center and the Southeast Sulawesi Provincial Health Office and the City of Kendari by developing policies that support strengthening community prevention efforts against chronic kidney disease in the Kendari City area.

An Overview of the Methods of Using Digital Technologies for the Process of Teaching Scenography in the Bachelor's Degree System

The article summarizes the arguments and counterarguments in the framework of a scientific discussion on the digital transformation of the scenography of Kazakhstan. The main problem of the research work was caused by the lack of a methodology for teaching scenography in the context of the introduction of digital technologies. The main purpose of the study is to consider the international experience of the introduction of innovative educational technologies in stage design. The content of the article reveals the methodology of the research, which is based on art, cultural, pedagogical aspects. The article examines the digital transformation of media art and scenography within the framework of scientific, review-theoretical and scenographic analysis. Educational aspects in teaching educational programs of scenography in universities, interdisciplinarity, performing and visual arts, visual means of expression, design (light, sound, media), theater, cinema, television, circus, design, architecture, etc. were taken as research tools. Since the methods of teaching digital technologies in scenography in the process of training for bachelors are project, brainstorming, case study and intelligence maps, special attention was paid to these issues during the research. The scientific significance of the article is the conceptualization of technological, methodological aspects of digital technologies for the sustainable development of educational technologies in the preparation of bachelors. The practical significance of the research results lies in the development of methods of digital transformation of the Scenography of Kazakhstan. The results of this study will be used as an overview and theoretical material in the development of methodic of teaching specialized disciplines in scenography.

Transforming Experience in Real World with Dynamic Projection Mapping

Transforming Experience in Real World with Dynamic Projection Mapping

A Monocular Projector-Camera System Using Modular Architecture.

This paper presents a monocular projector-camera (procam) system using modular architecture based on relay optics. Conventional coaxial procam systems cannot support (1) online changes to lens settings (zoom and focus) and (2) wide-angle projection mapping. We develop design guidelines for a proposed procam system that would solve these restrictions and address the proposed system's unique technical issue of crosstalk between the camera and projector pixels. We conducted experiments using prototypes to validate the feasibility of the proposed framework. First, we confirmed that the proposed crosstalk reduction technique worked well. Second, we found our technique could achieve correct alignment of a projected image onto a moving surface while changing the zoom and focus of the objective lens. The monocular procam system also achieved radiometric compensation where a surface texture was visually concealed by pixel-wise control of a projection color based on the captured results of offline color pattern projections. Finally, we demonstrated the high expandability of our modular architecture, through the creation of a high dynamic range projection.

Reflections on Light: Developing New Methods for Producing Anamorphic Sculpture

Abstract This paper presents novel catoptric anamorphic sculptures made possible by the development of bespoke software. The authors detail the production of a catoptric anamorphic sculpture involving a concave mirror and examine the audience’s experience. The reflections the mirror creates are described as being holographic. This effect is known as a “real image” and only occurs using a concave mirror. The authors present the digital tools they have developed to facilitate anamorphic artistic production and extend the limits of what has been achieved in the past. They end with an outline of future work, including glass lenses, and propose using video projection mapping.

Neurobiological mechanisms involved in the relationship between loneliness, depression, and cognitive decline in older adults

AbstractBackgroundLoneliness among older adults is one of the risk factors for developing dementia. Yet, little is known about the neurobiological and psychological conditions that link loneliness to cognitive decline. The current study had several aims: First, it sought to determine whether the relationship between loneliness and cognitive decline is sex‐specific in older adults. Second, it sought to identify neurobiological and psychological pathways that may account for the relationship between loneliness and decline across several cognitive domains. These pathways included depressive symptoms, gray matter volume, and conditional analyses of pro‐inflammatory cytokines and brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression. Third, it examined loneliness as a predictor of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD).MethodLongitudinal data were collected from 2130 Rush Memory and Aging Project MAP participants. Participants underwent annual cognitive and psychological assessments and neuroimaging procedures. BDNF gene expression was measured in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and the final clinical diagnosis was identified upon autopsy at death. Cytokines were measured in serum. Linear mixed models and multinomial logistic regression analyses were used. All models controlled for age at baseline, education, and sex.ResultParticipants were largely women (73%), and Caucasian (93%). The average age at baseline was 80.05 (SD = 7.57) and education was 14.93 (SD = 3.34). Results showed that gray matter volume and depressive symptoms partially mediated the relationship between loneliness and cognitive decline. BDNF expression was positively related to cognitive performance, and its interaction with loneliness was related to slower cognitive decline in semantic memory and better visuospatial performance. Finally, the current study also established that loneliness was a predictor of the incidence of AD and other dementias.ConclusionThe present findings suggest that loneliness may elicit physiological changes in our brains that lead to cognitive decline over time. Future research can explore a wide range of biological and psychological expressions of loneliness to clarify how loneliness relates to dementia.

Natural Determinants of the Earth-Mound Fields Distribution in the Southwest of the State of Goiás

Murundusfields, also known as covoais,are frequent microreliefs in the Cerrado. These are sets of semicircular elevations that protrude from the surface of the land, rounded or oval, with average dimensions of 70 cm in height and 6 m in diameter. The determinants of its regional spatial distribution are still poorly known. This study aimed to identify the natural determinants of its spatial distribution in the Southwest of Goiás, in the Sedimentary Basin of Paraná. All occurrences of murundusfields identified by the project Mapping of Remnant MurundusFields in the state of Goiás (SEMAD-GO/LAPIG-UFG) were compared with information referring to lithology, geomorphology,NDWI (Normalized Difference Water Index), and SMI (Soil Moisture Index). The indices were obtained from SENTINEL 2-A (MSI) and Landsat 8 (OLI and TIRS) orbital images. It was found that murundusfields preferentially occur in the Alluvial Deposits, Cachoeirinha, Detritic-lateritic Covers, and Serra Geral geological units. Murundusfields predominate under slopes of 0 to 8% (flat to gently undulating relief), and in areas with lower drainage density. The NDWI and the SMI indicated that murundusfields are concentrated on wet surfaces, occurring less frequently in saturated/very wet areas and in moderate humidity, dry, and very dry surfaces.

Effect of Transglutaminase Treatment on the Structure and Sensory Properties of Rice- or Soy-Based Hybrid Sausages.

Partial substitution of meat with non-protein sources in hybrid meat products generally leads to a decrease in texture attributes and, consequently, in sensory acceptance. In this study, we investigated the effects of transglutaminase (TG) at two concentrations (0.25% and 0.5%) on the physicochemical, textural, and sensory properties of hybrid sausages formulated with concentrated soy or rice proteins. TG caused a reduction in the heat treatment yield of hybrid sausages, particularly those made with rice protein. pH and color parameters were marginally affected by TG addition. Texture parameters increased substantially with TG, although escalating the TG level from 0.25% to 0.5% did not result in a proportional improvement in texture parameters; in fact, for rice-based hybrid sausages, no difference was achieved for all attributes, while only cohesiveness and chewiness were improved for soy-based ones. TG enhanced the sensory attributes of soy-based hybrid sausages to a level comparable to control meat emulsion, as evidenced by ordinate preference score and projective mapping. Our findings suggest that TG is a viable strategy for enhancing texture and sensory parameters in hybrid sausages, particularly for plant proteins that exhibit greater compatibility with the meat matrix.

Effect of storing conditions (lighting, temperature and bottle color) on rosé wine attributes

The majority of rosé wines are bottled in clear bottles as color is an important factor in consumer preference. Post-bottling wine can be exposed to UV–visible light and temperature fluctuations resulting in quality degradation. This study investigated the impact of bottle color (flint and antique green), light exposure (darkness, LED and fluorescent bulb), and temperature (12 °C and 22 °C) on rosé wine quality using a full factorial design with three different wines (Grenache, Pinot noir and Zinfandel). The impact on chemical composition, color, phenolics and aromatics was determined. Projective mapping was carried out for sensorial analysis. Changes in the aromatics, color and phenolic composition were detectable after three months and more noticeable after six months of storage. Overall, all variables studied impacted rosé wine characteristics significantly. However, higher temperature in combination with clear glass bottles under fluorescent light were the most detrimental conditions.

Linear and nonlinear optical absorption of 2D monolayer NbOCl2

The in-layer crystal structure of a two-dimensional material is stable, but the interaction force between the atomic layers is much weaker. Niobium oxide dichloride (NbOCl2) not only has high second-order nonlinear coefficients unique to common monolayer two-dimensional materials but also weak electronic coupling between layers. These characteristics make NbOCl2 very suitable as a quantum light source in quantum optical systems. This article mainly studies the linear and nonlinear optical absorption of two-dimensional monolayer NbOCl2. The characterization means include a surface distance projection map and three views, total density of states, photoelectron spectrum, charge density difference, transition dipole moment density, one-photon absorption spectrum, and two-photon absorption spectrum. There is a size effect on the total density of states, photoelectronic energy spectrum, and one-photon absorption spectrum, that is, as the size increases, the total density of states is red-shift, the photoelectronic energy spectrum is blue-shift, and the absorption spectrum has a significant red-shift. The charge density difference indicates that there is charge transfer around the Nb atom of NbOCl2. The transition dipole moment density changes periodically. The study of the two-photon absorption spectrum shows that it is dominated by a one-step transition. In summary, our work provides an in-depth understanding of its optical properties and is of great significance for the miniaturization of quantum light sources.

Laparoscopic Projection Mapping of the Liver Portal Segment, Based on Augmented Reality Combined With Artificial Intelligence, for Laparoscopic Anatomical Liver Resection

Laparoscopic Projection Mapping of the Liver Portal Segment, Based on Augmented Reality Combined With Artificial Intelligence, for Laparoscopic Anatomical Liver Resection