Projectile Energy Research Articles

A study of 12C and 28Si interactions with heavy emulsion targets

This paper presents some general characteristics of totally disintegrated events observed in the interactions of Silicon and Carbon with Ag/Br nuclei. The events with heavy particle multiplicity greater than or equal to twenty-eight, i. e., Nh ≥ 28 were analyzed. The probability of occurrence of central collision events is found to increase with the mass of the projectile and total projectile energy. The multiplicity distributions are described quite well by a Gaussian curve. The variation in the mean multiplicity of grey, black, heavy, and shower particles with projectile mass is being discussed. Average compound particle multiplicity is found to increase with the mass of the projectile.

Accelerator Production Method in 140Nd/140Pr Radioisotope Generator Based on Electron Capture

140Nd/140Pr radioisotope generator has importance for cancer diagnosis purposes and promises as an in vivo generator in positron emission tomography (PET). 140Nd/140Pr radioisotope generator is based on physicochemical processes, such as electron capture (EC), between parent (140Nd) and daughter (140Pr) radioisotopes. The production of the parent 140Nd radioisotope was performed by particle accelerators using charged particle induced reaction processes for energy region of Eparticle = 100 → 1 MeV in irradiation time of 1 h with constant beam current of 1 µA. In addition to the production of the parent 140Nd radioisotope, we also considered the direct production of 140Pr radioisotope via particle accelerators at the same conditions because 140Pr radioisotope in low-budget facilities can be directly used in PET scans such as in hospitals due to its short half-life. Hence, the cross-section and integral yield curves of reaction processes were calculated as dependent on projectile energies, and activities and yields of products were simulated. The obtained results were compared with the experimental data in the literature and provided new nuclear data to the literature which lead to the experimentalist.

Large-scale experimental investigation of the effects of gas explosions in underdrains

This study involved the construction and explosion of a large-scale (80-meter-long) underdrain and detailed investigations of the damaging impacts of a gas explosion to provide an experimental foundation for similarity modeling and infrastructural designs. The experiment vividly recreated the scene and explosion damage of the “11.22″ explosion accident in Qingdao, China, thus allowing for evaluations of the movements and destruction of the cover plates. The damage mechanism was determined by analyzing the overpressure curves inside and outside the underground canal. It was determined that the cover plates were first lifted by the precursor wave, which induced a maximum overpressure of 0.06 MPa and resulted in explosion venting. The pressure entered the deflagration stage at the end of the explosion. The combustion wave overpressure reached 3.115 MPa close to the initiation point, and had a significant influence on the projectile energy of the cover plates there. Overall, 64% of the cover plates were only affected by the precursor wave, while 36% of the cover plates were subjected to both the precursor wave and the combustion wave; these cover plates were severely damaged. The results of this study provide fundamental insights relevant to the prevention and control of underdrain gas explosions.

Neutron and charged particle attenuation properties of volcanic rocks

This research article aims to study the neutron and charged particle attenuation properties of volcanic rocks collected from the western region of Saudi Arabia. The rock samples labeled as VR1, VR2, VR3, and VR4 were experimentally investigated by a Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM) and Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS). The neutron transmission factor (TF) was estimated by using the Monte Carlo technique for different thicknesses varying from 0 to 3 mm. Moreover, we studied the charged particles' interaction properties with the present volcanic rocks for projectile energy up to 2.5 MeV. The obtained results reveal that the neutron TF decreased from 95.2, 95.8, 94.9, and 95.3 % at 0.5 mm to 74.4, 77.4, 73.4, and 75.1 % at 3 mm for the rock samples of VR1, VR2, VR3, and VR4, respectively. We found that the maximum projectile range (ℜ) occurred at the low energy region (0.2 MeV) for charged particle interactions. In comparison, the minimum ℜ occurred at the high energy level (2.5 MeV). Additionally, the values of ℜ come in the order of ℜ electron > ℜ proton > ℜ alpha > ℜ carbon with the minimum values of 185.6, 221.8, 178.8, and 189.8 μm in the case of the electron, and with the values of 0.696, 0.8141, 0.669, and 0.716 μm in the case of carbon ion for VR1, VR2, VR3, and VR4, respectively. This result revealed the VR3 rock sample as a superior shielding material against neutron beams and charged particles among the studied volcanic rocks.

Design optimization of double-layered structural insulated panels for windborne debris hazard

The design and performance of double-layered structural insulated panels (DL-SIPs) are investigated in this study with a focus on how they resist the windborne debris hazard. Such composite panels are commonly used in building envelopes to provide insulation and energy-saving advantages. However, if not designed properly, they can be at the risk of failure due to windborne debris impact, especially in high wind regions. This critical aspect motivated the current study to establish an experimentally-supported computational platform to assess the DL-SIPs, in terms of their key response measures, such as energy absorption, maximum displacement, and projectile penetration. A global sensitivity analysis is then conducted to systematically evaluate the effects of various design variables considered for metal sheets and foam cores on the impact response characteristics of the DL-SIPs. This study is further extended to perform a multi-objective design optimization for the DL-SIPs using two surrogate models (i.e., radial basis function network and kriging model). From the optimization results, the trade-offs between the design details and the impact resistance measures are determined. This leads to a set of configurations recommended for the DL-SIPs to properly resist windborne debris impact, while avoiding an overdesign.

On the use of a SEBS polymer gel block as a new ballistic target to assess blunt ballistic impacts: Application to a wide range of LLKE projectiles

The objective of the present paper is to determine the ability of a transparent polymeric gel, used as a reference material with a mechanical response comparable to that of a human body, to assess less-lethal kinetic energy (LLKE) projectiles. To do this, a consistent measurement method of the dynamic deformation of the gel impacted by a projectile is first of all presented. It relies on high-speed images and image processing routines. Several metrics from the measured gel wall displacement profile are used to investigate experiments. Secondly, repeated impact conditions on various gel blocks confirm that, the proposed material meets the requirements of mechanical consistency, batch-to-batch reproducibility and easy handling. Thirdly, 138 ballistic experiments covering kinetic energies from 10 J up to 300 J are performed, involving commercially available LLKE projectiles of various stiffness. The important dataset is used to perform a statistical analysis through Spearman’s correlation matrix between metrics and projectile parameters. It mainly reveals the need to use a ballistic target to determine the wounding potential of a given projectile rather than kinetic energy density or momentum density. Robust power law mathematical fits describe the relations between three metrics (maximum gel displacement, displacement - rate of displacement-based metric and maximum displaced volume) and kinetic energy density depending on LLKE projectiles’ stiffness. Fourthly, three case reports available in literature and involving LLKE projectiles have been replicated on a gel block. An experimental procedure is proposed based on numerous case reports to give design guidelines in terms of projectile mass, velocity and stiffness. Finally, this original study demonstrates the gel material capabilities to assess LLKE weapons before their field deployment. However, further investigations need to be pursued to propose a relevant injury predictive tool and associated risk curves to law enforcement agencies and regulatory bodies.

The research on optical radiation in the collisions of low energy, highly charged Xeq+ ions with MgOAl2O3 surfaces

In this work, the optical spectra emitted from the magnesia-alumina spinel (MgOAl2O3) surfaces induced by low energy, highly charged Xeq+ (6 ≤ q ≤ 20) ions were measured. In the collisions, the excitation process of sputtered atoms is discussed. In the analysis, a special attention was given to spectral composition of the optical radiation, dependences of lines intensity on projectile charge state (projectile potential energy), relative intensities of different lines, in which mainly present three features: (a) the results do not appear the spectral line of O particle. (b) there were noapparentincreases in the photon yields of atomic Mg and Al lines with the increase of projectile charge state. (c) the ratios of spectral lines Al I 309.27 nm to Al I 396.41 nm of excited Al atoms ejected from the surface of insulator MgOAl2O3 increased with the increasing projectile potential energy, and both of the ratios of spectral lines Mg II 280.40 nm to Mg I 285.42 nm and Mg II 279.73 nm to Mg I 383.37, 383.98 nm increased with projectile potential energy increase.

Transport model predictions of 225Ac production cross sections via energetic p, d and α irradiation of 232Th targets

Monte Carlo transport codes PHITS and MCNP6 were used to calculate the production cross sections of 225,227Ac, 227,229Th, 223,225Ra, and 229,230,231Pa via the bombardment of a232Th target with energetic protons, deuterons, and α-particles. The incident projectile energies ranged between 10 and 800 MeV/nucleon. When possible, the predicted production cross sections were compared with the available experimental data and other predictions. The degree of the codes' abilities to match the measured data provides a qualitative assessment of the codes’ abilities to predict data from similar, but unmeasured, projectile/target systems. In addition, a comparison between calculated cross sections and data may provide insight into possible improvements in the physics models employed by those transport codes.

Ballistic impact response of an alumina-based granular material: Experimental and numerical analyses

Granular materials can be used as protection to stop ballistic projectiles. Nevertheless, very few studies discuss the mechanisms of kinetic energy dissipation into granulates. An experimental setup using ballistic screens was developed to evaluate the deceleration of rigid spherical projectiles penetrating CRUSHMAT® targets. The method was validated by varying the thickness of the target, measuring residual velocities and checking whether the ballistic screens and samples end surfaces did influence the target's response or not. Based on numerical simulations and a suitable constitutive model for CRUSHMAT®, the experimental method was further validated, the projectile kinetic energy dissipation assessed and the validity of the proposed constitutive model discussed. The use of ballistic screens looked suitable to perform such experimental investigations and the proposed constitutive model for CRUSHMAT® satisfying to simulate its ballistic impact response. Additional analyses should be performed to acquire a better understanding of the CRUSHMAT® structure on its mechanical behaviour.

Mechanism on hypervelocity penetration of a tungsten alloy projectile into a concrete target

To investigate the hypervelocity impact mechanism of a tungsten alloy projectile on a concrete target, a new dynamic plasticity-based failure model for metal was developed by introducing Lode angle, dynamic enhancement factor, temperature softening term and stress triaxiality, and a new constitutive model for concrete was proposed by introducing strain rate effect, pressure dependence, Lode angle and free water effect. The advanced measurement technologies were introduced to determine the dynamic mechanical behaviors of materials, then the materials parameters were used to numerically simulate the hypervelocity penetration of a tungsten alloy projectile into a concrete target. Based on a 57/10 two-stage light gas gun, the experiments were carried out on the hypervelocity impact of the tungsten alloy projectile on the concrete target. And according to the computed tomography scanning images of the damaged concrete targets, the crater characteristics in the targets were analyzed. Then the relationships of the total penetration depth and the residual length of the projectile with the initial impact velocity of the projectile were obtained. The penetration of the projectile and the stress wave propagation in the concrete target were analyzed by the theoretical method. The achieved results are as follows. (1) By utilizing the new constitutive models for the metal and concrete, the failure morphology of the concrete derived from numerical simulation is consistent with that from the experiment. (2) The craters are structured by spalling areas and projectile holes, the transverse failure effect shows a significant advantage over low-velocity penetration, and the volume of craters is approximately proportional to the kinetic energy of projectiles. (3) The penetration depth increases at first and then decreases with the increase of the impact velocities, the decrease of the penetration depth under high velocity is due to the decrease of the rigid penetration stage after the erosive penetration stage. (4) A theoretical penetration model is proposed, which can be used to predict the depth of penetration, the residual length of the projectile and the diameter of the mushroom-like head, et al. (5) A theoretical stress wave propagation model is developed and the theoretical results of stress waves are in good agreement with the experimental ones.

Impact of three-body forces on elastic nucleon-nucleus scattering observables

In a previous series of papers we investigated the domain of applicability of chiral potentials to the construction of a microscopic optical potential (OP) for elastic nucleon-nucleus scattering. The final expression of the OP was a folding integral between the nucleon-nucleon ($NN$) $t$ matrix and the nuclear density of the target. In these calculations $NN$ and three-nucleon ($3N$) chiral interactions were used for the target density and only the $NN$ interaction for the $NN$ $t$ matrix. The purpose of this work is to achieve another step towards the calculation of a more consistent OP introducing the $3N$ force also in the dynamic part of the OP. In the present work this is approximated with a density dependent $NN$ interaction obtained after the averaging over the Fermi sphere. In practice, in our model the $3N$ force acts as a medium correction of the bare $NN$ interaction used to calculate the $NN$ $t$ matrix. Even if the $3N$ force is treated in an approximate way, this method naturally extends our previous model of the OP and allows a direct comparison of our present and previous results. We consider as case studies the elastic scattering of nucleons off $^{12}$C and $^{16}$O. We present results for the differential cross section and the spin observables for different values of the projectile energy. From the comparison with the experimental data and with the results of our previous model we assess the importance of the $3N$ interaction in the dynamic part of the OP. Our analysis indicates that the contribution of the $3N$ force in the $t$ matrix is small for the differential cross section and it is sizable for the spin observables, in particular, for the analyzing power. A chiral expansion order-by-order analysis of the scattering observables confirms the convergence of our results at the next-to-next-to-next-to-leading-order, as already established in our previous work.

Projectile Break-up Effect on Fusion in 16O + 156Gd Reaction at Energy Range 4.3-6.3 MeV/A

We discuss our present understanding of the incomplete fusion (ICF) reaction dynamics, the excitation function of six evaporation residues (ERs) have been measured in 16O + 156Gd reaction at projectile energy range, E/A ~ 4.3-6.3 MeV/Nucleon. Some of the ERs are produced directly & indirectly (i.e. through pre-cursor), the pre-cursor contributions have been separated out from the measured cumulative cross-section with the help of Cavinato et al.1. After correcting the pre-cursor contribution, the independent yield has been compared with the statistical model code PACE-22, which describes the fusion reaction cross section. In order to optimize the parameter of the code PACE-2 that reproduces the cross section of all the complete fusion (CF) channels like xn and /or pxn-channels. Using the same set of input parameters, cross section of the ERs populated via incomplete fusion (ICF) channels have been measured. The enhancement in the measured cross section of the ERs populated via ICF channels over the PACE-2 prediction have been measured, which indicates the occurrence of the break-up of projectile 16O into (12C+α) and/or (8Be+2α) leading to ICF reaction dynamics.

Ballistic Impact Resistance of Bulletproof Vest Inserts Containing Printed Titanium Structures

Finite element modeling of ballistic impact of inserts containing titanium structures were presented in the article. The inserts containing an additional layer made using additive manufacturing technology were analyzed. The layer was created from repetitive elements made without connections (adjacent cells were inseparable). Four variants of printed titanium structures were placed between layers of Twaron CT 750 aramid fabric to create ballistic inserts. In order to assess the ballistic resistance of the inserts, numerical simulations of ballistic impact phenomenon were carried out using LS-Dyna software. In the simulations the inserts were placed on a steel box filled with ballistic clay and were fired at with the 9 × 19 mm full metal jacket (FMJ) Parabellum projectile. The main aim of the work was to check the effectiveness of such solutions in soft ballistic protection applications and to select the most effective variant of 3D printed structure. Results of the numerical analysis showed a high potential for 3D printed structures made of titanium alloys to be used for bulletproof vest inserts. In all analyzed cases the projectile was stopped by the armor. In addition, thanks to the cooperation of adjacent cells, the projectile energy density was distributed over a large area, as evidenced by large volumes of hollows in the ballistic clay. The indentations in the ballistic clay obtained in the simulations were significantly lower than the acceptable value for the back face deformation (BFD) parameter required by international body armor standards.

Investigation of α-induced Reaction on Copper Isotopes for Energy Range of 15-50 Mev

The present work was done on alpha induced reaction mechanics on two natural coppers isotopes for the energy range of 15 to 30 Mev were investigated. The reaction channels for the total cross section 63Cu (α, n) 66Ga, 65Cu (α, 2n)67Ga, 63Cu(α, pn) 65Cu and 65Cu(α, n)68Ga were studied. The experimental data of reaction cross section COMPLETE code have been used. The aim study was compared experimental and theoretical reaction cross section both compound and pre-compound reaction and know the property, the reaction mechanism of the projectile particle reacts with target nuclei. The theoretical result was obtained from international atomic energy agency, exchange format data source. We understood the reaction mechanisms and the property of fragment particles during the reaction. Level density parameter and exaction number were varied to become good agreement between the calculated and measured data. In this study different dependency reaction cross section, the projectile energy was observed between the production of 67Ga and 65Zn. In alpha induced reaction with copper isotopes 66Ga, 67Ga, 68Ga and 65Zn are produced. Normally the calculation using a COMPLET code provides good outcome for the reaction cross-section of alpha induced reaction on low projectile energy. During the study of the reaction compound and pre-equilibrium reaction are occurred but direct reaction was almost not expected. Direct reaction is required to very large amount of energy.

Studying multi-nucleon transfer reaction in a recoil mass spectrometer

We present simulation of a recoil mass spectrometer for measurement of multi-nucleon transfer reactions, based on Monte Carlo techniques. Target-like ions are generated event by event and transported to the focal plane of the spectrometer by the method of transfer matrices. Measured focal plane spectra for the elastic and six transfer channels of the reaction $$^{28}$$ Si+ $$^{94}$$ Zr are reproduced at two projectile energies near the Coulomb barrier. Excellent reproduction is achieved even with first-order ion-optical calculations, indicating not so significant role of higher order aberrations in conventional recoil separators with smaller acceptance. This is in striking contrast with the large acceptance magnetic separators used for studying transfer reactions, for which complex trajectory reconstruction algorithms involving higher order aberrations are essential. Transmission efficiency of the spectrometer, calculated by the reported code, is crucial to convert measured transfer probabilities to differential and integral transfer cross sections for each channel. We show effectiveness of the proposed methodology by extracting differential elastic scattering cross sections from measured yields for the reaction $$^{28}$$ Si+ $$^{94}$$ Zr. Besides being useful for other recoil mass spectrometers, our methodology can be employed for measurement of quasi-elastic reaction cross sections in velocity filters and gas-filled separators.

The Adhesive Response of Regolith to Low-Energy Disturbances in Microgravity

Abstract Small, airless bodies are covered by a layer of regolith composed of particles ranging from μm-size dust to cm-size pebbles that evolve under conditions very different than those on Earth. Flight-based microgravity experiments investigating low-velocity collisions of cm-size projectiles into regolith have revealed that certain impact events result in a mass transfer from the target regolith onto the surface of the projectile. The key parameters that produce these events need to be characterized to understand the mechanical behavior of granular media, which is composed of the surfaces of small bodies. We carried out flight and ground-based research campaigns designed to investigate these mass transfer events. The goals of our experimental campaigns were (1) to identify projectile energy thresholds that influence mass transfer outcomes in low-energy collision events between cm-size projectiles and μm-size regolith, (2) to determine whether these mass transfer events required a microgravity environment to be observed, and (3) to determine whether the rebound portion of these collision events could be replicated in a laboratory drop tower environment. We found that (1) mass transfer events occurred for projectile rebound accelerations <7.8 m/s2 and we were unable to identify a corresponding impact velocity threshold, (2) mass transfer events require a microgravity environment, and (3) ourdrop tower experiments were able to produce mass transfer events. However, drop tower experiments do not exactly reproduce the free-particle impacts and rebound of the long-duration microgravity experiments and yielded systematically lower amounts of the overall mass transferred.

Weakly bound halo breakup of neutron- Li7 and nucleon- Be7 on a lead target

A comparative analysis of the breakup cross-sections, using continuum discretized coupled-channel approach, is presented for the weakly bound $p\text{\ensuremath{-}}$wave neutron-$^{7}\mathrm{Li}$ and nucleon-$^{7}\mathrm{Be}$ projectiles on the $^{208}\mathrm{Pb}$ target, by investigating the role of interaction effects between the core $(^{7}\mathrm{Li},$ $^{7}\mathrm{Be})$ with the target. The extra charge in the $^{8}\mathrm{B}$ has the effect to increase the Coulomb contribution in the breakup reaction channel. By fixing both projectile ground-state binding energies at 0.137 MeV ($^{8}\mathrm{B}$ experimental one), with incident energies at the Coulomb barrier and above, we found that the charge difference accounts for over 30% of the neutron$\text{\ensuremath{-}}^{7}\mathrm{Be}$ breakup cross sections, substantially larger than the corresponding one for proton$\text{\ensuremath{-}}^{7}\mathrm{Be}$. The large enhancement of the neutron-halo breakup cross-section with respect to the proton-halo case shown in this work is associated to dynamical effects coming from the excitation of the projectile internal continuum due to the nucleon-target and core-target interactions, together with the widely accepted static effects coming from the long wave-function tail of the weakly bound neutron. The interplay between these dynamical and static effects in the energy spectrum of the $^{8}\mathrm{B}$ fragments is visible, revealed by the peak of the energy distribution pushed to higher relative energies. This follows from the two-body final state interactions between the charged fragments distorted by the three-body reaction environment.

Experimental measurement of state-selective charge exchange and test of astrophysics soft X-ray emission model

Charge exchange, or electron capture, between highly charged ions and atoms and molecules has been considered as one of important mechanisms controlling soft X-ray emissions in many astrophysical objects and environments. However, to model charge exchange soft X-ray emission, astrophysicists commonly use principal quantum number <i>n</i> and angular momentum quantum number<i>l</i> resolved state-selective capture cross section data, which are usually obtained by empirical and semi-classical theory calculations. The accuracy of the theoretical model is the key to constructing an accurate X-ray spectrum. With a newly-built cold target recoil ion momentum spectroscopy apparatus, we perform a series of precise state-selective cross section measurements on Ne<sup>8+</sup> ions’ single electron capture with He targets, with the projectile energy ranging from 1.4 to 20 keV/u. The experimentally measured Q value spectrum shows that the process of electron captured to state of Ne<sup>7+</sup> with <i>n</i> = 4 is the main reaction channel, and that with <i>n</i> = 3 and 5 are the small reaction channels. Using Gaussian curve to fit the area of each channel on the Q value spectrum and normalizing the area of all channels, we obtain the <i>n</i>-resolved relative state-selective cross section. By comparing the measured relative cross sections with the results calculated by the multichannel Landau-Zener method and molecular Coulomb over-barrier model, significant difference among the strengths of small reaction channels is found. Specifically, the multichannel Landau-Zener method overestimates the contribution of <i>n</i> = 2 channel and <i>n</i> = 3 channel, and underestimates the contribution of <i>n</i> = 5 channel. The molecular Coulomb over-barrier model overestimates the contribution of <i>n</i> = 5 channel and underestimates the contribution of <i>n</i> = 3 channel. The significant difference between the theoretical model calculation and experimental measurement is due to the limitations of semiclassical theoretical method and classical theoretical method. Furthermore, with <i>l</i> distribution models commonly used in the astrophysical literature, including the statistical model, separable model, Landau-Zener-I model, Landau-Zener-II model and even model, we calculate the soft X-ray emissions in the charge exchange between 1.6 and 2.4 keV/u Ne<sup>8+</sup> and He. It is found that the calculated intensities of X-ray spectra significantly deviate from the existing measurements, and only the separable model can partly match the laboratory simulated solar wind charge exchange X-ray measurement. Furthermore, we find that the intensity of the charge exchange X-ray emission spectrum measured experimentally is dependent on the collision energy, while the emission spectrum calculated based on the model seems to be unchanged with the increase of the collision energy. These results indicate that if the classical and semi-classical models are applied to the astrophysical plasma for studying diffusive soft X-ray background, the obtained parameters of the astrophysical plasma will be inaccurate.

Proton and Hydrogen Transport through Hydrogen Environments: Ionization and Stripping

Abstract Data are presented over a wide range of impact energies describing the ionization or stripping probability, projectile energy loss, and ejected electron and recoiling target energies and angles for proton and hydrogen passage through hydrogen astrophysical environments. These kinematic and reaction data are tabulated at three levels of detail for use in heavy-particle (H+, H) and secondary-electron transport simulations: (1) the integral scattering cross section and average values of the distributions of energy and angle of the particles, (2) the singly differential cross sections as a function of particle energy and angle, and (3) a subset of the many possible doubly differential cross sections as functions of the particle energy and angle chosen to be most relevant to transport simulations.

Theoretical study of electron impact single ionization of neon by multicenter three distorted-wave method at low projectile energy: an overall agreement with experiment

Universal theoretical description of electron impact single ionization process for complex atoms and molecules is a long-standing challenge. A perturbative approach named multicenter three distorted wave method (MCTDW) has recently been developed by our group, aiming at calculating (e, 2e) fully differential cross sections for molecular target. In MCTDW method, the incident, scattered and ejected electrons are described by distorted waves using single center expansion technique. The continuum wave functions of the incident and two outgoing electrons are solved in the potential of neutral molecule and ion, respectively. The accuracy and generality of this method has been demonstrated for water molecule as well as simple two-electron atom helium (2018 Phys. Rev. A 98 042710) . Here MCTDW is extended to investigate more complex multi-electron atom neon of electron impact ionization from its 2p orbital at projectile energy of 100 eV and 65 eV. The results are compared with the internormalized experiments reported in the literatures (2013 Phys. Rev. Lett. 110 153202; 2015 Phys. Rev. A. 91 032707). An overall agreement has been achieved with experimental data for different scattering angles and energies, as well as theoretical calculations employing nonperturbative B-spline R-matrix with pseudostates approach.