Projection Principle Research Articles

Design principles for sustainable community currency projects

AbstractCommunity currencies (CCs) are alternative forms of money usually issued and managed by citizens, NGOs and companies as well as local public administrations. Used to trade goods and services in limited territories or among a certain community, CCs are composed of symbolic, cultural, and social dimensions and fully immersed in particular economic and institutional contexts. Despite the increasing adoption of CCs, the discussion on guiding principles and values to address their purposes, particularly in relation to environmental sustainability issues is still scarce in the literature. Given this gap, this paper relies on the following research question: what are the design principles to be considered for community currency projects oriented to sustainable development goals? We follow the design science research paradigms to describe the design principles of a CC project. We analyze the institutional and economic context in which they are implemented, the goals for what they were created, the processes and mechanisms to rely upon their operation, and how they are evaluated according to their specific goals and to their implications to the sustainable development goals. It is important to emphasize that in this article we focus on improving the understanding of CC projects and what should be considered in their evaluation, however not to the extent on how they should be implemented. The design principles framework presented in this paper specifies guidelines to discuss principles to be considered within a range of different possibilities of diversified CC implementation strategies.

Influence of helix angle on heat transfer characteristics of regenerative cooling in spiral channel

A rapid solution method for spiral line and a one-dimensional (1-D) heat transfer calculation model for spiral regenerative cooling channels (RCCs) are proposed to clarify the influence of the helix angle on the heat transfer characteristics of spiral RCCs in thrust chambers. The method based on the projection principle is characterized by a simple model and the ability to generate variable helix angles spiral line. The calculation model is characterized by high accuracy, with coolant pressure drop errors of less than 5 % coolant and coolant temperature errors of less than 20 % compared to experimental data. Utilizing the calculation model, research on the heat transfer characteristics of RCCs with varying helix angles is conducted. Results indicate that the coolant temperature rise and pressure drop increase as the helix angle increases. The peak values of the gas-side wall temperature occur at the throat and the contraction section. The throat peak value decreases with an increase in the helix angle, while the contraction section peak value increases. When the helix angle is 30°, the two peak values are close as well as the highest gas-side wall temperature is minimized. The highest wall temperature is only 1111K. The research results can provide guidance for the design and processing of spiral RCCs.

GRAMO: geometric resampling augmentation for monocular 3D object detection

Data augmentation is widely recognized as an effective means of bolstering model robustness. However, when applied to monocular 3D object detection, non-geometric image augmentation neglects the critical link between the image and physical space, resulting in the semantic collapse of the extended scene. To address this issue, we propose two geometric-level data augmentation operators named Geometric-Copy-Paste (Geo-CP) and Geometric-Crop-Shrink (Geo-CS). Both operators introduce geometric consistency based on the principle of perspective projection, complementing the options available for data augmentation in monocular 3D. Specifically, Geo-CP replicates local patches by reordering object depths to mitigate perspective occlusion conflicts, and Geo-CS re-crops local patches for simultaneous scaling of distance and scale to unify appearance and annotation. These operations ameliorate the problem of class imbalance in the monocular paradigm by increasing the quantity and distribution of geometrically consistent samples. Experiments demonstrate that our geometric-level augmentation operators effectively improve robustness and performance in the KITTI and Waymo monocular 3D detection benchmarks.

Agile by accident: how to apply Agile principles in academic research projects

Sustainability science and sustainability transition studies are interdisciplinary fields. Interdisciplinarity is understood to support out-of-the-box thinking and thus facilitate scientific advancements. Interdisciplinary research projects dealing with complex issues might need project management approaches that support learning, adaptation, and innovation. Agile is a management approach that has been developed to facilitate collaboration, learning, creativity, innovation, and reflectivity. Due to these qualities, Agile might be a suitable approach to managing interdisciplinary research projects. Agile project management is still new in academic research settings. Only limited information about how to apply it in an academic setting exists. To fill this gap the Agile principles are translated to fit the academic context. The article then outlines how Agile principles can be applied to an academic research program, that did not consciously plan to apply this approach. The translation of the principles will permit other researchers to intentionally use them in their interdisciplinary research projects. Furthermore, other researchers can build on the insights provided in this article to overcome the challenges that Agile can bring.

Application of lean principles for building refurbishment projects in Sri Lanka

PurposeA comprehensive literature review was conducted to identify the lean principles and the challenges of building refurbishment. To have an in-depth investigation of the application of lean principles to address the challenges of refurbishment projects, ten expert interviews following a qualitative research approach were utilised in this research. Data were analysed using manual content analysis to derive the framework.Design/methodology/approachThe refurbishment of buildings has attracted the attention of the present construction industry. However, uncertain project characteristics, information deficiency, limited space for construction activities and less stakeholder involvement make it complex. Since the lean concept effectively deals with complex and uncertain projects, this study focusses to investigate the application of lean principles to overcome the challenges of refurbishment projects in Sri Lanka by developing a framework.FindingsIt was found that the five main lean principles of customer value, value stream, value flow, pull and perfection are appropriate for building refurbishment projects in Sri Lanka. Precise identification of clients and end-users, value adding and non-value adding activities, interruptions and stakeholder communication chains, setting scope, examining the possible technologies and taking measures to deliver the exact product to ensure the successful application of lean principles for refurbishment projects. Further, 27 benefits of five lean principles were identified which can be used to address the 13 identified challenges of building refurbishment of projects. Finally, a framework has developed portraying the application of lean principles in building refurbishment.Practical implicationsThe framework developed is beneficial for the building refurbishment project team to address the barriers of refurbishment projects by applying lean principles.Originality/valueThis framework can be used as a guideline for the implementation of building refurbishment projects by addressing their challenges with lean principles.

A multi-omics data analysis workflow packaged as a FAIR Digital Object.

Applying good data management and FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable) data principles in research projects can help disentangle knowledge discovery, study result reproducibility, and data reuse in future studies. Based on the concepts of the original FAIR principles for research data, FAIR principles for research software were recently proposed. FAIR Digital Objects enable discovery and reuse of Research Objects, including computational workflows for both humans and machines. Practical examples can help promote the adoption of FAIR practices for computational workflows in the research community. We developed a multi-omics data analysis workflow implementing FAIR practices to share it as a FAIR Digital Object. We conducted a case study investigating shared patterns between multi-omics data and childhood externalizing behavior. The analysis workflow was implemented as a modular pipeline in the workflow manager Nextflow, including containers with software dependencies. We adhered to software development practices like version control, documentation, and licensing. Finally, the workflow was described with rich semantic metadata, packaged as a Research Object Crate, and shared via WorkflowHub. Along with the packaged multi-omics data analysis workflow, we share our experiences adopting various FAIR practices and creating a FAIR Digital Object. We hope our experiences can help other researchers who develop omics data analysis workflows to turn FAIR principles into practice.

Novel calibration technique for hybrid structured-light three-dimensional measurement system

Hybrid structured-light measurement technique is used for form measurement of structured composite surfaces. A hybrid structured-light measurement system contains a phase measuring deflectometry (PMD) subsystem and a fringe projection profilometry (FPP) subsystem. Each subsystem measures specular surfaces and rough surfaces based on structured-light reflection and projection principle, respectively. Calibration’s accuracy extremely effects data stitching precision between the subsystems. A novel calibration technique is explored for the hybrid structured-light system to complete reliable measurement accuracy. Calibration algorithms are developed based on designed calibration targets. Information of the calibration procedure are discussed and presented. Effectiveness of the proposed calibration technique has been conducted and verified through experiments by measuring structured composite samples. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed technique can significantly improve data fusion accuracy of a hybrid structured-light measurement system.

Planar Mercator Smith Chart: An Alternative Approach for Active and Passive Microwave Circuits

This letter proposes a Planar Mercator Smith chart (PMSC), which can be used to design and analyze both active and passive microwave circuits on a 2-D flat surface. The entire surface of the 3-D Smith chart comprises of whole impedance plane, which includes all possible loads is projected to the 2-D flat surface of the PMSC using the mathematical principle of Mercator projection. This eliminates the need for CAD software to be used as a design tool or visualization aid unlike a 3-D Smith chart, and it may be a useful graphical chart for solving microwave problems involving any type of load.

Breaking barriers: Unearthing the hindrances to embracing energy economics principles in Nigerian building projects

The implementation of energy economics principles (EEPs) in sustainable construction and environmental mitigation is widely acknowledged. However, limited research has focused on the hindrances faced in implementing these principles in the context of developing countries. To address this research gap, this study examines these hindrances from the perspective of professionals in the Nigerian construction industry. Existing hindrances were extracted from extant studies using a systematic literature review with predefined inclusion/exclusion criteria which helped formulate the questionnaire. Through the application of exploratory factor analysis, five clusters of hindrance factors were identified, encompassing financial constraints, inadequate policies and regulations, insufficient technological infrastructure, lack of awareness and education and stakeholder-related challenges. Furthermore, the multinomial regression analysis confirmed that the hindrances related to financial constraints, inadequate policies and regulations and insufficient technological infrastructure are the most significant barriers. This study advances scientific knowledge on the hindrances to the adoption of EEPs in Nigerian building projects, providing a comprehensive understanding of the challenges faced in the context of the Nigerian construction industry. Findings from the study will inform policymakers, industry professionals and other stakeholders about the key challenges that require attention and intervention, facilitating the development of targeted strategies and initiatives to overcome these barriers effectively.

In search of agreement: historiography and principles of a conflict resolution research project

In search of agreement: historiography and principles of a conflict resolution research project

Peer Supported Virtual Reality Development

Background: Persons with mental health and substance abuse disorders (MHD/SUD) make up a highly vulnerable target group, particularly affected by social exclusion. Many experience stigmatization, powerlessness and disconnectedness and thus are marginalized when it comes to social participation. A Recovery oriented approach within field of mental health care entails a focus on enabling individuals to connect and interact with their social surroundings, and aid persons striving with mental health, substance abuse or social functioning impairments to full and contributing lives as active citizens. However, many lack knowledge, skills, and abilities to engage in their recovery process and utilize their social and community opportunities.
 Virtual Reality technology (VRT) shows a promising potential for simulating social environments and interactions to mitigate social impairments and marginalization for persons in recovery from MHD/SUD. However, it is still unclear how the ecological validity of VRT can be harnessed in more sophisticated interventions that target complex social situations.
 The overall goal of this project is to provide lived-experience based knowledge on how software development and new programming can broaden the range of VRT-based social environments and interactions. Thus, our study aims to explore how service users in MHD/SUD recovery experience social functioning impairments (SFI) and how these affect social participation and citizenship in their daily living.
 Method: This study is part of the project «Virtual Reality as a facilitator for participation in society among persons with mental health and substance use disorders » which received funding from the Research Council of Norway. User driven innovation is a fundamental principle of the overall project. This entails close collaboration with persons who have lived-experience with MHD/SUD. A peer researcher has participated in developing interview guides, interviews and analysis. We have conducted 2 focus group interviews with municipal service providers and 10 in-depth, semi-structured individual interviews with service user in MHD/SUD municipal services. 
 Preliminary Results: First analysis of the focus groups with service providers suggest, that the particular needs of social functioning training varies across the stages of recovery.
 The needs of SFI interventions vary from basic instrumental functioning training, such as household skills, personal management, and responsible decision making to more complex social situations, such as work related interactions (customer service, colleague collaboration, leadership), job interviews and engage in meaningful activities in the company of persons without MHD/ SUD experience. Furthermore, our findings suggests needs for basic cognitive training, targeting mentalization capacity, executive functions, emotional regulation and cognitive flexibility.
 
 Conclusion: This study will provide knowledge on what hinders or promotes participation in society among persons with MHD/SUD within their recovery process. This understanding will facilitate development of tailored recovery measures, and measures to prevent persons with MHD/SUD being marginalized. Based on the results of this study, VR-designers and peer support researchers jointly develop in the second part of the overall project a VR-prototype, which will be finally evaluated within an RCT. Our study is the first to dedicate VR to persons with MHD/SUD.

Infrastructure projects of road traffic management: management methodology selection

The implementation of projects in traffic organization requires the selection of a necessary methodology that will contribute to its success. Most commonly, traffic organization refers to the management of traffic flows, but this is not entirely accurate. Traffic organization is defined as a set of measures aimed at ensuring safety and comfort conditions for traffic. Given the modern context and trends, we can talk about supporting the principles of sustainable development and ensuring national defense capability and security. Such activity consists of several stages, some of which can be implemented as a chain of sequential steps, while others can be introduced step by step with feedback and the implementation of current improvements. The proposed research results focused on selecting the necessary methodology for implementing infrastructure projects on traffic organization, taking into account the subject area. Based on a detailed analysis of the subject area and existing project management methods, approaches, principles, and frameworks, a syncretic approach was proposed for implementing these projects. This approach includes the use of a waterfall model and a combination of Scrum principles and Kanban agile development methods. The research is one of the initial outcomes of the scientific research project 'Methodology of Project Management for Modernization of Traffic Organization in the Military and Post-War Reconstruction of Territorial Communities,' registered under number 0123U101943, and is funded by the state budget of Ukraine. The results of this research will form the basis for further studies related to the exploration of the fundamental principles of sustainable development in the context of traffic organization and the development of a project management methodology for the modernization of traffic organization in the military and the post-war reconstruction of territorial communities.

Вопросы стратегического управления в нефтегазовых компаниях при освоении арктических месторождений

The current development of hydrocarbon fields in the Arctic necessitates innovation-driven solutions regarding technology and management. While extensive production experience exists in onshore projects, the complexities of offshore hydrocarbon fields, such as limited access and underdeveloped infrastructure, demand strategic decisions in an unstable market environment. Long-term in nature, these decisions require a comprehensive application of strategic management methods and tools. The irreversibility of economic processes associated with substantial investments and the potential for major financial losses in project failure underscore the importance of employing strategic management methodologies. Global factors such as fluctuating oil prices, geopolitical challenges, the rise of green energy, and heightened corporate social responsibility expectations in the oil and gas sector necessitate a reevaluation of fundamental principles in strategic management systems. This study employs logical and general research methods to classify and synthesize relevant literature, identifying strategic management issues and evolving principles and approaches in strategy formulation. Technical and economic aspects of project implementation onshore and offshore are highlighted. The article argues for the revision of strategic management principles in Arctic oil and gas projects, particularly in offshore field development. Conceptual models of functional strategies for business units implementing onshore and offshore projects are proposed.

Evaluating differences in community-engaged learning and service-learning via the context, input, process, and product model

Service-learning (SL) and community-engaged learning (CEL) are high-impact practices whose ideological foundations are built upon ideas pioneered by philosophers such as John Dewey and William James. Given that one methodology (CEL) directly branched from the other (SL), these practices are expected to have fundamental underpinnings that differentially influence how projects within these practices are carried out. Stufflebeam and Shinkfield’s Context, Input, Process, and Product (CIPP) model for evaluation was applied to assess these two high-impact practices. This narrative review has two goals: (1) discuss the usage of the CIPP model to evaluate established SL and CEL projects, and (2) assess any differences in evaluation garnered from CIPP model usage that may have stemmed from nuances in SL and CEL ideology. Literature covering either practice had shown, in some cases, to be inconsistent with how the implementation and guiding principles of such projects matched the terminology used by project organizers. This discrepancy has implications for how these projects are carried out and evaluated in the future.

Adopting Lean Management Principles for Renovation Projects

Adopting Lean Management Principles for Renovation Projects

PDR: Progressive Depth Regularization for Monocular 3D Object Detection

Accurately predicting object depth is a key challenge in monocular 3D detection task. The perspective projection principle used by most state-of-the-art approaches demands a complex balance between the ratio-form depth estimation and 2D-3D geometric regularizations, and thus can lead to sub-optimal solutions. In this paper, we propose a novel synergistic scheme that can achieve better trade-off among these competing objectives. Our main proposal is a progressive depth regularization (PDR) architecture that splits the overall training process into three sequential depth estimation steps to gradually remove the unwanted deviations induced by the over-regularization. Specifically, our model first learns the coarse depth with the conventional perspective projection and combines the coarse-to-fine generation to reduce the search space of 2D projection height prediction. We then deactivate individual supervision on 2D projection height prediction and introduces a new auxiliary 3D physical height prediction to relax the 2D and 3D regularizations, respectively. Consequently, our PDR leads to more precise depth estimation by mitigating the inherent ambiguities in the geometric priors of perspective projection through progressive regularization relaxation. Extensive experiments on both KITTI and Rope3D benchmark show that our PDR delivers strong performance gains as compared to the previous methods.

Characterizations of the metric and generalized metric projections on subspaces of Banach spaces

The variational principles of the metric projection onto closed and convex sets are commonly used as the basis for characterizations of metric projections onto subspaces of Hilbert spaces. However, it is important to realize that the variational principles do not hold as necessary and sufficient conditions in general Banach spaces to characterize the metric projection and its related extensions. This technical handicap prevents the study of metric projection onto subspaces of general Banach spaces from being fully explored. Motivated by this existing lacuna in the literature, we investigate the metric projection and the generalized metric projection onto subspaces of general Banach spaces in this study. Focusing on concrete Banach spaces, we show that even though there are no general variational principles in such spaces for the projection onto subspaces, specific elements satisfy a variational characterization. We provide concrete examples to illustrate various notions of projections in general Banach spaces.

Awareness of Medical Professionals Regarding Research Ethics in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: A Survey to Assess Training Needs.

Ethics is an essential component of human research, and knowledge and awareness of ethical guidelines are required to conduct research involving human subjects and ensure the participants' safety. To investigate medical professionals' and researchers' knowledge of national and international research ethics guidelines, key principles in human research projects, ethical issues in different types of research, the importance of informed consent, and institutional review boards. A cross-sectional study with 251 participants, including physicians, nurses, and researchers from three different research centers and hospitals in Riyadh city, was carried out using an electronic self-structured questionnaire. The sample size was estimated using OpenEpi, Version 3. The questionnaire contained six different sets of questions to analyze knowledge about research ethics and guidelines. The results were analyzed using SAS version 9.4 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA). About 53.78% of the participants had received research ethics education, out of which 78.51% of the participants expressed the need for more training in research ethics education. The Belmont Report showed a high level of unawareness among nurses (88.3%), physicians (73.8%), and researchers (55.32%). Nurses had a high level of positive attitude about all the key principles of human research. The highest level of awareness of ethical issues in clinical trials and interventional studies was found among researchers (54%), and the lowest level of awareness was exhibited by nurses (19.32%). Nurses (74.34%) and physicians (62.79%) had the lowest positive attitudes about obtaining children's assent in pediatric research. Physicians and researchers had a higher awareness of the IRB than nurses. Researchers were well-versed in research ethics, regulatory guidelines, and ethical issues in various types of research, whereas nurses were enthusiastic about key principles in human research and the importance of informed consent. This study shows that a very low percentage of nurses have received research ethics education and emphasizes the critical importance of including research ethics education in nursing curricula, as the involvement of nurses in research is inevitable. This study also shows the lack of knowledge among nurses, researchers, and doctors about various international guidelines. It emphasizes the importance of adding regulatory guidelines to the curriculum and teaching them effectively to students. Also, periodic workshops should be conducted to enhance the practical knowledge of the professionals regarding the guidelines and guide them in overcoming the practical difficulties they encounter during their practice.

Nadar’s Aerial Photography: Science, Ecstasy, Projection

Félix Nadar is the legendary inventor of aerial photography, the origin of the aerial images which are widely used today in various fields. Focusing on his aerial photography and aerial experience, this article reveals the contradictory tendencies in his aerial view. His view is first of all a question of scientific application. He found in aerial photography applications in military reconnaissance and cartography. But Nadar’s aerial view is also linked with romantic ecstasy, stemming not only from the spectacular perception of looking down from the balloon, but also from the sublime sensation he experiences in the sky. Both these views are possible only because of geometric projection, an intrinsic principle of photography and the human eye. The principle of projection of photography enables reconnaissance of the referent and its cartographic measurement through photographs. Because of the principle of projection, Nadar felt a sense of ecstasy from the balloon. Nadar’s dialectical aerial view is symptomatic of the diverse aspects of aerial viewing that will appear after him, and the functions and geometric properties of his aerial photography go beyond the realm of that genre and can be applied to many other photographic fields.

A Literature Review of Drawing Therapy in Group Counseling

Drawing therapy style expressive art therapy in a branch, for mobilizing the group atmosphere and member participation has a positive role in promoting, than the language has a more powerful expressive power and perspective. Based on the principle of projection, the subconscious mind of an individual can emerge in an unrestricted manner, and drawing is not limited by the age, race, language, cultural level, cognitive ability of the visitors, etc. Through guidance, the group leader can promote the individual to better self-exploration and self-awareness. In group counseling, drawing therapy can be used as a technique in growth and therapeutic group counseling. This paper will provide a comprehensive review of the application of drawing therapy in group counseling to provide a basis for understanding the current status of group counseling and grasping the direction of future counseling.