Projection System Research Articles

Tomographic task solution using a dichotomous discretization scheme in polar coordinates and partial system matrices invariant to rotations

Objectives. The purpose of this work was to create an effective iterative algorithm for the tomographic reconstruction of objects with large volumes of initial data. Unlike the convolutional projection algorithm, widely used in commercial industrial and medical tomographic devices, algebraic iterative reconstruction methods use significant amounts of memory and typically involve long reconstruction times. At the same time, iterative methods enable a wider range of diagnostic tasks to be resolved where greater accuracy of reconstruction is required, as well as in cases where a limited amount of data is used for sparse-view angle shooting or shooting with a limited angular range.Methods. A feature of the algorithm thus created is the use of a polar coordinate system in which the projection system matrices are invariant with respect to the rotation of the object. This enables a signification reduction of the amount of memory required for system matrices storage and the use of graphics processors for reconstruction. Unlike the simple polar coordinate system used earlier, we used a coordinate system with a dichotomous division of the reconstruction field enabling us to ensure invariance to rotations and at the same time a fairly uniform distribution of spatial resolution over the reconstruction field.Results. A reconstruction algorithm was developed on the basis of the use of partial system matrices corresponding to the dichotomous division of the image field into partial annular reconstruction regions. A 2D and 3D digital phantom was used to show the features of the proposed reconstruction algorithm and its applicability to solving tomographic problems.Conclusions. The proposed algorithm allows algebraic image reconstruction to be implemented using standard libraries for working with sparse matrices based on desktop computers with graphics processors.

Large-depth-range 3D measurement based on optimized multi-focal projection system

High-speed and large-depth-range 3D measurement technology is of great importance in a variety of fields. Conventional binary defocusing methods can achieve high measurement speed, but their depth range is limited because the defocusing effect is insufficient near the focal plane in the ordinary projection system. To address this problem, we propose an optimized multi-focal projection system by introducing a cylindrical lens with optimal parameter configuration. Compared to traditional methods, the proposed method could overcome the constraint of defocusing region to obtain high-quality sinusoidal fringe patterns over large depth range without sacrificing the measurement speed. In this paper, the principle of multi-focal projection system and the related scheme of parameter configuration are presented in order to illustrate the role of the cylindrical lens and system parameters on modulating the distribution of defocusing kernel and removing the limitations of defocusing region. Experimental results show that the proposed multi-focal projection system with optimal parameter configuration increased the depth range from 150 mm to 725 mm over the conventional single-focal system, achieving greater depth range and better measurement results.

Investigation of an irradiated CCD device: Building and testing a Charge Transfer Inefficiency correction pipeline using the Pyxel framework

Pyxel is a powerful end-to-end detector simulations framework with the aim of being reusable, reliable and help facilitate knowledge transfer between a wide range of related fields. To show how beneficial Pyxel can be, we present an investigation into the effect of Charge Transfer Inefficiency (CTI) on an irradiated CCD-273 device produced by Teledyne-e2v, the type of detector used for the Euclid VIS instrument. This requires production of two pipelines. Firstly, a calibration pipeline to search the parameter space and obtain best fitting trap parameters based upon the CTI within the detector. Secondly, a correction pipeline which aims to correct the CTI-induced data using these trap parameters to obtain a nominal efficiency of 99.5%. The following presents work conducted in building, testing and validating the correction pipeline using Pyxel and the CTI model ArCTIC. This involves data from the unirradiated portion of a CCD-273 device using the scene projection system at the labs at the European Space Agency (ESA). The images are computationally altered by varying parameters such as background levels and readout noise, and by synthetically producing CTI trails from known trap parameters. The resulting images are corrected and analysed to understand how noise affects the correction efficiency at varying image background levels.

Critical Evaluation of the Contract Selection Process Used in the Construction Industry of Kuwait

The paper investigates and assesses the contract selection procedure used in Kuwait’s construction sector. The ideas and insights of engineers involved in significant Kuwaiti construction projects will be extensively considered. In the Kuwaiti building sector, various ways of choosing the contract form will be discussed. In order to gather pertinent data about the country’s primary construction projects, questionnaires will be used. This methodology ensures a first-hand account of the challenges and preferences within the industry. This data will be analyzed to determine the best ways to enhance the current system utilized for Kuwaiti building contracts for the choice of contract forms and payment terms that could benefit from the inclusion of measures to guarantee those types of task delivery systems and payment terms in the country’s future construction projects. This paper explores the typical contract types and payment mechanisms used in Kuwait, drawing on a thorough analysis of current literature, governmental regulations, and business practices. The Standard Forms of Contract, which offer fixed-priced payments, have become the most popular option. However, when used for extensive and technically challenging projects, this contract form’s simplicity presents difficulties. Additionally, the existing system encourages contract awards based on the lowest tender, which raises questions regarding appropriateness and proportionality. The study suggests an arsenal of criteria for improving the deal selection process, with an emphasis on diverse terms of payment inside the task delivery system, in order to allay these worries. It highlights the need for a more comprehensive approach for deal selection that takes project complexity, financial constraints, and long-term project interest into account. The proposed criteria additionally include adaptability to project complexity, ensuring flexibility for challenges in large projects. Financial considerations, aligning with budgetary requirements, are crucial. The emphasis is on long-term project success, and finding a balance between simplicity and adaptability in contracts is key. These comprehensive criteria aim to improve decision-making in selecting standard contract forms for construction projects, addressing challenges in large, technically demanding endeavors in Kuwait. This research contributes to the field by introducing a novel set of criteria for contract selection, tailored to the Kuwaiti construction context. The study’s originality lies in its approach to addressing the challenges posed by current practices and its focus on refining the system for future projects. Additionally, the study employs a rigorous questionnaire survey to extract firsthand insights from industry professionals, ensuring a robust and contextually relevant exploration of the contract selection landscape in Kuwait’s construction sector.

A Method for Extracting Joints on Mountain Tunnel Faces Based on Mask R-CNN Image Segmentation Algorithm

The accurate distribution of joints on the tunnel face is crucial for assessing the stability and safety of surrounding rock during tunnel construction. This paper introduces the Mask R-CNN image segmentation algorithm, a state-of-the-art deep learning model, to achieve efficient and accurate identification and extraction of joints on tunnel face images. First, digital images of tunnel faces were captured and stitched, resulting in 286 complete images suitable for analysis. Then, the joints on the tunnel face were extracted using traditional image processing algorithms, the commonly used U-net image segmentation model, and the Mask R-CNN image segmentation model introduced in this paper to address the lack of recognition accuracy. Finally, the extraction results obtained by the three methods were compared. The comparison results show that the joint extraction method based on the Mask R-CNN image segmentation deep learning model introduced in this paper achieved the best joint extraction effect with a Dice similarity coefficient of 87.48%, outperforming traditional methods and the U-net model, which scored 60.59% and 75.36%, respectively, realizing accurate and efficient acquisition of tunnel face rock joints. These findings suggest that the Mask R-CNN model can be effectively implemented in real-time monitoring systems for tunnel construction projects.

Understanding Chinese Bureaucracy: A Systematic Literature Review

An in-depth study of Chinese bureaucracy and its characteristics is an inseparable research topic in the field of social science in contemporary China. The historical lineage of Chinese bureaucracy shows a development from monarchical bureaucracy to cadre system. The Chinese bureaucratic organization is regarded as a cadre system with Chinese characteristics, characterized by hierarchy, centralization, political loyalty, meritocracy, and personification; the pressure system, administrative contract system, and project system are its operation mechanisms. China's bureaucracy has been transformed from a revolutionary group to a modern bureaucracy, and has now entered a period of adjustment and improvement. Chinese officials pay attention to moral cultivation and character building, and their selection and appointment emphasizes the principles of both virtue and talent, and puts virtue first. The structure of Chinese officials represents a hierarchical pyramid structure, and relationship is the core concept in understanding the interpersonal network of Chinese officials. The emphasis on informatization, transparency, specialization, and innovation is the focus and trend of future research on Chinese bureaucracy.

Non-destructive characterization of resistance projection welded joints by ultrasonic and passive magnetic flux density testing

The weld of resistance projection welded joints is not visible from outside. Therefore, visual evaluation is restricted, and visual inspection is not possible at all. So far, the parameters of the welding process are monitored and controlled. In addition, the welds are periodically tested destructively to determine the quality of the welds. No industrial standard has yet been established in the field of non-destructive testing (NDT) for projection welded joints. This study focuses on NDT of projection welds using two different ultrasonic imaging inspection systems and the passive magnetic ux density testing (pMFT) method. The ultrasonic inspection systems commercially available and established in the field of NDT of spot welds. Both systems are originally designed for the NDT of spot welds and not for projection welds. Unlike the ultrasonic systems, the pMFT is still in laboratory status. The method has originally been developed to evaluate spot welds and is also used in this study to evaluate projection welds. The applicability of the investigated systems to projection welding is investigated in order to derive mandatory development steps to achieve reliable results. The pMFT method shows also good results for NDT of spot welds In this contribution, the measurement and evaluation concept of the three NDT systems for projection welded joints is presented. The NDT results are discussed in the context of the corresponding destructive results in terms of tensile forces and fracture areas. Advises for further development of all investigated systems are given.

Deep in the heart of Texas

From my position as a Black social studies teacher educator and interdisciplinary historian of education who calls Texas home, I explore in this essay how critical educators might consider what some of Texas’s most recent “diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI)” statutes signify about the effectiveness of critical Black social studies teachers’ work thus far. I underline what Nobel laureate Toni Morrison said about the heightened restriction she faced given her writing: that it can often indicate our work is indeed disrupting the ongoing, systemic project of white domination and antiBlack subordination. Then, I highlight how Black educators of the Jim Crow era navigated political atmospheres comparable to the one in which Texas educators, among others, now find themselves. Looking back at these educators’ subversive practices, which sought to undermine the status quo of white supremacy and antiBlackness, I suggest how their work might guide those engaged in similar projects today.

Deep-Sea Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) from the Avilés Canyon System: Seven New Records for the Spanish North Atlantic Marine Subdivision

The Avilés Canyon System (ACS) is located in the southern Bay of Biscay (northern Spain, Cantabrian Sea). It has been declared a Site of Community Importance (SCI: C ESZZ12003) within the Natura 2000 Network and recognized as a Vulnerable Marine Ecosystem (VME). This area is included in the North Atlantic Marine Subdivision (NAMD). The present study reviews ophiuroid fauna collected during the INDEMARES–ACS project and compares the new findings with previous studies using the Official Spanish Checklist (“Inventario Español de Especies Marinas”) to update our knowledge on the diversity and distribution of these species. During the surveys carried out within the LIFE + INDEMARES–Avilés Canyon System project (2010–2012), a total of 7413 specimens belonging to 45 ophiuroid species were collected from 50 stations in a depth range between 266 and 2291 m. The most frequent species was Ophiactis abyssicola (M. Sars, 1861). Comparing the identified species with public datasets, seven species should be considered as new records for NAMD: Ophiocten centobi Paterson, Tyler & Gage, 1982, Amphiura borealis (G.O. Sars, 1872), Amphiura fragilis Verrill, 1885, Ophiochondrus armatus (Koehler, 1907), Ophiosabine parcita (Koehler, 1906), Ophiophrixus spinosus (Storm, 1881), Ophiotreta valenciennesi (Lyman, 1879). Furthermore, one species has expanded its bathymetric range: Ophiosabine parcita (Koehler, 1906).

The Future Process of Japan’s Population Aging: A Cluster Analysis Using Small Area Population Projection Data

Japan’s population aging is the most advanced in the world today. No nationwide study has been conducted using small area population projection data on Japan’s aging population. This is because such projection data was unavailable for Japan before the 2016 launch of the website ‘The Web System of Small Area Population Projections for the Whole Japan’ (SAPP for Japan). SAPP for Japan opened the small-area and long-term projected population of Japan for the first time on the World Wide Web. The purpose of this study is to quantitatively analyze the future aging process using data from the SAPP for Japan and, based on this analysis, to attempt to present the standard aging process that developed countries will experience after the demographic transition, taking advantage of the fact that Japan has the most aged population in the world. Subsequently, a non-hierarchical cluster analysis was performed using two statistics on aging: the elderly population proportion and the elderly population change index, and the small areas were classified into seven clusters. Furthermore, this study examined the demographic and geographical features of the clusters, introduced a new concept of the stage in the population aging process, and analyzed the relationship between the features and the stages. To conclude, the following findings were obtained regarding the future process of Japan’s population aging. In each area of Japan, first, the total population begins to decline, second, the elderly population begins to decrease, and finally, its proportion begins to decrease. These stage shifts generally proceed earlier in areas with a higher elderly population proportion and are attributed to the reduced size of younger cohorts owing to long-term fertility decline. This process would be the norm in many developed countries after the demographic transition.

Data redundancy of blockchain systems in construction projects

Data redundancy of blockchain systems in construction projects

<i>Correismo</i> and <i>Anti-Correismo</i>: An Emotional Fracture in Ecuador. Presidential Elections of 2021

Objective/context: The objective pursued by this research is to analyse the possible existence of a social and political fracture around the figure of former President Rafael Correa and his political legacy, the Citizen Revolution, which would act as a kind of polarizing division of Ecuadorian society: correismo/anti- correismo axis. A division that, born of politics, would have been established within society, allowing the existence of two opposing sides that feel, perceive and act in politics in a very different way. Methodology: To this end, a study has been drawn up with a quantitative methodological approach based on an analysis of the data contained in the Study of Politics and Emotions in Ecuador, March 2021 (SPEE), carried out by the EIP-USC after the first round of the 2021 presidential elections. Conclusions: The results of this first approach (descriptive and multivariate) allow us to affirm the existence of important differences between supporters and detractors of correismo, especially as regards political and emotional issues, but not so regarding sociodemographic issues. Originality: The influence that the emotional factor expressed towards the different political leaders would have in the construction of this fracture is especially relevant; providing a novel vision to the literature on the influence of Rafael Correa and his project in the Ecuadorian political system.

A case study on the development of requirements for the comprehensive credits management system project at H University

Nowadays, in order to adapt to informatization and enhance management efficiency, universities have an increasing demand for the development of management systems. This paper conducts an in-depth study on the case of requirements development for the comprehensive credit management system project at H University. Taking the problems existing in software project requirements development management as a starting point, this paper analyzes and researches the issues in requirements acquisition, requirements analysis, and requirements development management processes of the current project development team through the study of relevant theoretical content on requirements development. The paper proposes solutions to problems such as inaccurate identification of software project stakeholders, lack of scientific requirements analysis tools, and absence of prioritization in requirements. Through analysis, this paper, by drawing stakeholder maps and utilizing the KANO model for prioritizing project requirements, ultimately formulates an effective requirements development management solution tailored to the software project of the development team for this particular project.

Sustainable Structural System Selection Using Hybrid Fuzzy Multi-Criteria Decision Model Based on Seismic Performance

In the rapidly evolving field of sustainable construction, this study aims to address the critical need for advancement in the building industry, focusing on vital indicators like energy efficiency and cost-effectiveness, as well as improving occupant comfort. This research introduces a novel approach to support the choice of suitable structural systems for mass housing projects, with a case study on Iran’s national housing scheme. This methodology involves a four-phase process, beginning with compiling a database from existing studies to outline primary and secondary indicators affecting structural system selection. It utilizes the fuzzy AHP method for criteria prioritization and the fuzzy TOPSIS technique for alternatives (LSF, 3DP, ICF, TRC, and RCCF). The study identified the light steel framing (LSF) system as the optimal choice for Iran’s housing needs based on various criteria. Then, in the final phase, the study evaluates the seismic performance of cold-formed steel (CFS) frames with various sheathing panel types (OSB, DFP, CSP, and GWB) under monotonic loads, examining key seismic parameters across 38 frame setups. The findings reveal that LSF structures can effectively withstand seismic events within the elastic behavior range, suggesting that this construction approach is viable for enhancing mass housing production in Iran’s construction sector.

Optimizing environmental costs and economic benefits in new energy vehicle production: A case study of FAW Hongqi in China

This study focuses on the environmental cost accounting and economic benefit optimization of China’s FAW Hongqi New Energy Vehicle manufacturing enterprise under uncertain conditions, within the context of the emission permit system This study calculates the pollution situation throughout the manufacturing and production process of FAW Hongqi new energy vehicles, and constructs a multi-level environmental cost evaluation system for FAW Hongqi new energy vehicle manufacturing projects. Through the interval fuzzy model of FAW Hongqi new energy vehicle manufacturing projects, the maximum economic benefits of the enterprise are simulated. The research results indicate that the pollution emissions of enterprises are mainly concentrated in the three processes of welding, painting, and final assembly. Enterprises use their own exhaust gas and wastewater treatment devices to meet the standards for pollution emissions. At the same time, solid waste generated during the automobile manufacturing process is handed over to third-party companies for treatment. Secondly, based on the accounting results of enterprise pollution source intensity and a multi-layer environmental cost evaluation system, the environmental costs of enterprises are accounted for, and the environmental costs are represented in interval form to reduce uncertainty in the accounting process. According to the accounting results of enterprise environmental costs, the main environmental costs of enterprises are environmental remediation costs caused by normal pollution discharge and purchase costs of environmental protection facilities. Pollutant emission taxes and routine environmental monitoring costs are relatively low. Enterprises can adopt more scientific solutions from the aspects of environmental remediation and environmental protection facilities to reduce environmental costs. After optimization by the fuzzy interval uncertainty optimization model, the economic benefits of the FAW Hongqi new energy vehicle manufacturing project were [101,254.71, 6278.5413] million yuan. Compared with the interval uncertainty optimization model, the lower bound of economic benefits increased by 57.68%, and the upper bound decreased by 12.08%, shortening the results of the economic benefits interval. Clarify the current environmental pollution situation of FAW Hongqi’s new energy vehicle manufacturing enterprise, provide data support for sustainable development of the enterprise, and provide reasonable decision-making space for enterprise decision-makers.

Maternal insecure attachment representation as a long-term risk factor for disrupted mother–child-interaction and child mental health

Maternal childhood maltreatment (CM) represents an important factor in the transmission of trauma that may lead to impaired child mental health. Apart from childhood maltreatment insecure attachment has been identified as a risk factor for insensitive caregiving behavior, which may affect child's mental health. The aim of this study is to identify the working mechanisms in the relationship between maternal CM and child mental health, considering maternal attachment representation, mother–child-interaction und maternal helplessness and fear. N = 103 mother–child-dyads from a longitudinal cohort study were examined at four different measuring points. Data was assessed using self and external report questionnaires as well as the AMBIANCE scales during the Strange Situation Procedure and the Adult Attachment Projective Picture System (AAP). Maternal CM experience did not predict an insecure attachment representation (OR = 2.46 [0.98, 6.53], p = .060). Maternal insecure attachment was associated with higher AMBIANCE scores (F(8, 94) = 11.46, p < .001), which indicates more disrupted communication between mother and child. AMBIANCE scores in turn predicted higher self-perceived helplessness (F(9, 93) = 8.62, p < .001) and fear (F(9, 93) = 7.40, p < .001) in mothers. Helplessness and fear both were associated with higher SDQ-scores, indicating more mental health problems in children (F(10, 92) = 3.98, p < .001; F(10, 92) = 3.87, p < .001). The results of this study highlight how even insecure attachment in a low-risk sample has a long-term impact on parenting behavior and child mental health, therefore underlining the need of early intervention programs in affected and at-risk families.

A few projective classes of (non-Hausdorff) topological spaces

A class of topological spaces is projective (resp., ω-projective) if and only if projective systems of spaces (resp., with a countable cofinal subset of indices) in the class are still in the class. A certain number of classes of Hausdorff spaces are known to be, or not to be, (ω-) projective. We examine classes of spaces that are not necessarily Hausdorff. Sober and compact sober spaces form projective classes, but most classes of locally compact spaces are not even ω-projective. Guided by the fact that the stably compact spaces are exactly the locally compact, strongly sober spaces, and that the strongly sober spaces are exactly the sober, coherent, compact, weakly Hausdorff (in the sense of Keimel and Lawson) spaces, we examine which classes defined by combinations of those properties are projective. Notably, we find that coherent sober spaces, compact coherent sober spaces, as well as (locally) strongly sober spaces, form projective classes.

REDUCING OF WATER AND ENERGY RESOURCES CONSUMPTION IN IRRIGATION BASED ON RESOURCE OPTIMISATION

The need for further development of irrigation practices on the basis of nature oriented and ecologically efficient solutions is considered primarily regarding the saving of water and energy resources for the adaptation of irrigated agricultural production to the current global challenges and threats, the achievement of sustainable development goals. It is shown that there is an objective need to change methodological approaches to the assessment of overall efficiency and justification of optimal solutions in design, reconstruction, and operation projects of irrigation systems based on the principles of resource optimization. On the basis of the indicator of the level of irrigation sufficiency (introduced by the authors), which reflects the reduction of the studied watering and irrigation rates in relation to their design values, a study of the impact of reducing the use of water and energy resources under different modes of sprinkler irrigation on the corresponding decrease in the level of cultivated crops productivity was carried out. At the same time, it was experimentally determined that the intensity (rate) of the decrease in the cultivated crops productivity, which occurs due to the decrease in the usage of water and energy resources during the application of irrigation, is significantly lower than the intensity (rate) of the decrease in the usage of the resources themselves. The studied options for reducing the consumption on water and energy resources as a whole turned out to be economically profitable when with a decrease in water and electricity usage by 27–48% there is more than two times lower decrease in the costs of gross products by 10,80–18,06% with the achievement of a net income of 11,4 to 5,7 thousand UAH. The influence of various options of reducing water and electricity consumption on the discounted investment payback period shows that several options may be acceptable, for which the investment payback period does not exceed 10 years, and the choice of the optimal solution requires taking into account the conditions of a specific object, limitations of water resources, and the interests of investors and land users. At the same time, the ecological component of the overall efficiency of irrigation practices consists in the decrease in the use of water and energy resources that a priori reflects the decrease in the negative impact of irrigation on the environment. Thus, reducing the usage of water and energy resources is a fully justified decision on the way to adapt irrigated agriculture production to the modern conditions and requirements, and the presented results can be a scientific basis for the implementation of this approach while practically applying irrigation.

Interaction Design in Distributed Software Development: What we know and what we don’t know

Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) is an area focused on human interaction with/through computational systems, among which tangent studies on interaction design stand out. In HCI, interaction design has been consolidated as a practice with the potential to support interactive systems projects. On the other hand, more and more organizations are developing software with geographically distributed teams. However, interaction design in distributed software development (DSD) has yet to be explored, mapped, or structured in the scientific literature. Although there are reports in the scientific literature about interaction design in DSD and some proposed solutions, how interaction design occurs in DSD is still being determined. In this paper, we present a summary of the results of a research that aimed to investigate how interaction design has been practiced in DSD, seeking to understand the practices, challenges, and limitations, as well as to promote and advance the state of knowledge in interaction design in the context of DSD. The research methodology was based on Charles S. Peirce's semiotic methodeutics, bibliographic research method, and mixed methods research to investigate the current state of knowledge and practice on interaction design in DSD. We hope that the results pointed out by this research contribute to the body of knowledge about interaction design at the research frontier between HCI and DSD by (i) providing an overview of research efforts on interaction design in DSD, (ii) providing an overview of the practice of interaction design in DSD, (iii) identify research gaps and discuss future research directions, and (iv) conceiving a set of recommendations for interaction design in DSD.

Analisis Penerapan Sistem Manajemen Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja (K3)

Along with the rapid pace of development of multi-storey building construction in indonesia, it creates a high risk of work accidents, especially for field, workers therefore the role of controlling the risk of woek accidents is compulsary. Poor implementation of occupational health and safety can damage the occupational health and safety management (OHSM) system in a construction project. So the problem is wich factors are dominant in the application of OHSM in the construction of the Bapelkes building and what is the level of application of OHSM in the construction project. This study aims to analyze the level of implementation of OHSM implementation in the construction of the Bapelkes building. This research method uses quantitative and qualitative approaches through interviews and distributing questionnaires to PT. The work of Mukti Bersaudara as many as 12 people. This study consisted of 9 variables. The result of the validity test of the mean value of r-count of each variable is 0.81 and the r-table value is 0.497, so it fulfills the requirements of r-count&gt; r table. The result of the reliability test on each variable obtained an average value of 0.8 and Cronbach’s Alpha critical value of 0.6, wich is means all variables are declared reliable. The result of the descriptive analysis of the highest mean value were obtained in the factor of development and commitment maintenance (X1) with a value of 4.72, and the last order was obtained the variable (X2) with a value of 4.45. it can be concluded that the very dominant factor in implementing OHSM in Bapelkes building construction projects is the development and maintenance of commitment (X1). The implementation of OHSM in the construction of new dormitory and class building project for the National Health planning Agency (Bapelkes) has been implemented well-planned, measured, and structured, and properly integrated according to the PP. No. 5 of 2012 concerning the occupational health and safety management system, although it has not been fully implemented, it is obtained from the average percentage of application assesment, which is 92.0%