Project In South Korea Research Articles

Zero-energy home development in Korea: energy-efficient and environmentally friendly design features and future directions

Zero-energy houses, one of the progressive types of energy-efficient homes, theoretically consume no energy for heating, cooling, or other daily activities. The purposes of this research were to identify representative experimental housing projects in South Korea and analyze their major features in terms of energy efficiency and environmental friendliness. This study used case studies consisting of two zero-energy experimental houses and one occupied zero-energy neighborhood. This study found that efforts have been made to build zero-energy homes in Korea. The study also found renewable energy systems such as solar and geothermal systems have been applied in zero-energy houses in Korea. The study discusses future research needs focusing on post-occupancy evaluations that should involve current residents to maintain energy-efficient housing performance. In addition, a holistic strategy to embrace design, development, and maintenance aspects of zero-energy houses should be established to promote this energy-efficient and environmental-friendly housing option for diverse resident groups.

Model Tests on Dredged Soil–Filled Geocontainers Used as Containment Dikes for the Saemangeum Reclamation Project in South Korea

AbstractA geotextile tube is a type of geocontainer typically filled with sandy slurries and fine-grained dredged sediments. Its performance in strength, dewatering, fine-particle retention, and stacked stability has been studied extensively. However, very little is understood about the shape-deformation behavior of geotextile tubes. In this paper, slurry-settlement, constant head permeability, and seepage-force tests were conducted to determine the geocontainers’ geotechnical design parameters. The characteristics of the dredged fill material determined from the slurry-settlement, constant head permeability, and seepage-force tests are presented. Large-scale tests on model geotextile tubes were also conducted. A large-scale apparatus for geotextile tube–filling test simulation is introduced. The apparatus consists of a slurry mixing station, a pumping and delivery station, a geotextile tube–filling station, and a data station. The results of the model tests conducted on a transparent geobag (undrained co...

Regional climate projection over South Korea simulated by the HadGEM2-AO and WRF model chain under RCP emission scenarios

This study assesses the regional climate projection newly generated within the framework of the national downscaling project in South Korea. To obtain fine-scale climate information (12.5 km), dynamical downscaling of the HadGEM2-AO global projections forced by the representative concentration pathway (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) scenarios is performed using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) modeling system. Changes in temperature and precipitation in terms of long-term trends, daily characteristics and extremes are presented by comparing two 30 yr periods (2041−2070 vs. 2071−2100) in which increasing rates of emission forcing between the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios are relatively similar and quite different, respectively. The temperature increase presents a relevant trend, but the degree of warming varies in different periods and emission scenarios. While the temperature distribution from the RCP8.5 projection is continuously shifted toward warmer conditions by the end of the 21st century, the RCP4.5 projection appears to stabilize warming in accordance with emission forcing. This shift in distribution directly affects the magnitude of extremes, which enhances extreme hot days but reduces extreme cold days. Precipitation changes, however, do not respond monotonically to emission forcing, as they exhibit less sensitivity to different emission scenarios. An enhancement of high intensity precipitation and a reduction of weak intensity precipitation are discernible, implying an intensified hydrologic cycle. Changes in return levels of annual maximum precipitation suggest an increased probability of extreme precipitation with 20 yr and 50 yr return periods.

Social Conflicts and Hegemonic Articulation on the Saemangeum Reclamation Project in South Korea

The South Korean government planned for the Saemangeum reclamation project to spark development in the North of Jeolla Province (NJP), it triggered vicious social conflicts that lasted for more than two decades since its inception in 1991. The impact of the project extended across ecological and social dimensions of Korean society at large, while also significantly affecting local communities in NJP. Regional or national stakeholders participated in the resultant social conflicts, and sought their particular political, economic and ecological interests within the context of a dynamic social and political context. This paper examines the reason why the project commenced and why it persists even in the face of such a socially combative environment, connecting social forces with development orientation and environmentalism. And then this paper discusses the social and ecological implications for more ecological and democratic development in Korea.

The design of an optimized muon beamline

For the Heavy Ion Accelerator Project in South Korea we designed an optimized antimuon beamline by using a simulation with the G4beamline and the TRANSPORT software packages. This research suggests that the optimized muon beamline can transport 2.4×108 antimuons per second to a circle with a radius of 3 cm. In terms of the muon rate, this is competitive with world-leading muon beam facilities.

LDA-Based Model for Measuring Impact of Change Orders in Apartment Projects and Its Application for Prerisk Assessment and Postevaluation

AbstractThis study analyzed the impact of change orders on construction projects by using the loss distribution approach (LDA), which is used in finance to analyze operational risks, and proposed a framework for applying the LDA to construction. It examined 9,028 change orders for 237 apartment housing projects in South Korea. Prior to the analysis, the change-order factors were classified into five categories and the work types into eight categories in order to form a risk matrix. The severity and frequency distributions of each cell were calculated based on the risk matrix. Because the amount of loss can vary depending on the construction cost, severity was defined as the amount of loss relative to the construction cost. Using this, the authors calculated the loss distribution of each cell and combined them to derive the total loss distribution. The analysis results confirmed that field conditions had the largest overall impact on change orders. This was ascribed to the limitations of estimating and ref...

Physical properties of G-class cement for geothermal well cementing in South Korea

The cement material adopted for a new geothermal well project in South Korea is specialized as the G-class cement, which is commonly used in the oil-well industry, and regulated by the API (American Petroleum Institute). In order to maintain the optimal generating performance of geothermal wells, physical properties of the cementing material should be satisfactory. In this paper, the significant material properties (i.e., groutability, uniaxial compressive strength, thermal conductivity, bleeding potential, phenolphthalein indication) of the G-class cement were experimentally examined, with consideration of various water–cement (w/c) ratios as mix proportion. Important findings through the experiments are as follows; (1) Groutability of the G-class cement increases with the addition of a small amount of retarder. (2) There would be a structural problem when the w/c ratio is kept extremely high in order to obtain acceptable groutability. (3) Thermal conductivity of the G-class cement is small enough to prevent heat loss during circulating up hot steam or water from the deep underground to the ground surface. (4) The G-class cement used for geothermal-well cementing causes no bleeding problem. (5) The phenolphthalein indicator is applicable to distinguishing the G-class cement from the drilling mud.

An Empirical Analysis of Technology Transfer of National R&D Projects in South Korea

This study is aimed at seeking policy implications for the policy makers of South Korean government and finding a direction to support R&D institutions in performing R&D activities more efficiently, by analyzing the factors influencing technology transfer of the national R&D projects. The data retrieved from NTIS (National Science & Technology Information Service) was used in analyzing the results of 575 projects with 1,903 cases of technology transfer, performed by the Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning, between 2002 and 2012. We found that there were significant differences between the government funded institutions and the universities and between basic R&D and applied ones. We also discovered that the government funded institutions did not necessarily take a better position than the universities in terms of the quantity of technology transfer. Lastly, the applied R&D of the universities was very vulnerable in terms of technology transfer.

Environmental and ecological effects of Lake Shihwa reclamation project in South Korea: A review

The Shihwa Coastal Reservoir (SCR) was created to supply agricultural water during the construction of dikes for land reclamation, with this project representing a striking example of policy failure regarding tidal flat reclamation in Korea. After the completion of dike construction in 1994, the water quality inside the SCR drastically deteriorated. As a result, in 1996, the sluice gates were opened to dilute water pollution levels through the physical mixing of seawater from outside and freshwater from inside. Over the last 20 years, the Korean government has invested more than US $ 1.5 billion to recover SCR water quality by improving public sewage treatment systems, which is 2.7 times the cost of the original dike construction. Yet, within the reservoir, water quality has minimally improved, sediment pollution continues to be detected, and anoxic layers have been observed, due to stratification in summer. Severe sedimentary pollution caused by heavy metals and trace organic pollutants originating from the upstream regions of the watershed was evident during the SCR project; however, pollution levels appeared to decrease after seawater circulation. In parallel, the pelagic and benthic communities have also been affected by the deterioration of multiple water and sediment quality indices. While the recent construction of the tidal power plant has significantly increased the volume of seawater circulation, it has not been enough to improve the water quality of the upstream region of the SCR, where the water remains polluted. The SCR project presents a clear example that how incorrect policy leads to the mishandling of both coastal ecosystems and substantial governmental budgets.

분변 미생물군집 프로젝트

차세대 염기서열 분석(next generation sequencing, NGS) 기술의 발전으로 16S rRNA의 염기서열 분석이 미생물 군집 분석의 주된 방법으로 사용되고 있다. 인간의 건강과 질병에 관여하는 미생물들을 밝혀내기 위한 인간 미생물군집 프로젝트(human microbiome project, HMP)가 최근에 완료되었다. HMP는 세균에 의해 발생하는 여러 질병들의 특성들을 밝혀내었고, 특히 장에 서식하는 세균들에 대해 많은 연구가 수행되었다. 비록 인간의 장내 세균들에 대한 연구는 잘 수행되어왔지만, 다른 가축의 장내 세균에 대한 연구는 거의 이루어지지 않았다. 본 연구에서는 가축의 분변 미생물 다양성에 관해 조사하였고, 분변미생물 생태연구의 중요성을 제시 할 것이다. 한국에서의 분변 미생물 군집 프로젝트(fecal microbiome project) 시작을 본 연구논문을 통해 보고하고자 한다. Since the development of the next generation sequencing (NGS) technology, 16S rRNA gene sequencing has become a major tool for microbial community analysis. Recently, human microbiome project (HMP) has been completed to identify microbes associated with human health and diseases. HMP achieved characterization of several diseases caused by bacteria, especially the ones in human gut. While human intestinal bacteria have been well characterized, little have been studied about other animal intestinal bacteria. In this study, we surveyed diversity of livestock animal fecal microbiota and discuss importance of studying fecal microbiota. Here, we report the initiation of the fecal microbiome project in South Korea.

정보시스템 감리 프레임워크 개발:한국 전자정부의 RFID/USN 프로젝트 개발을 통해서

정보시스템 감리 프레임워크 개발:한국 전자정부의 RFID/USN 프로젝트 개발을 통해서

Financial Approach for Solving Stakeholders’ Conflicts of Interests in Port Redevelopment: Incheon Inner Port

This paper presents a conflict solving model to resolve different stakeholder demands in the port redevelopment of the Incheon Inner Port. The different interest groups involved in this current project in South Korea include the land owner of Incheon Port Authority (PA), governmental regulator of Ministry of Maritime and Fishery (MOMAF), private port interests, port labor, business interests and port neighborhood near target area in port. TOCs are in favor of new terminals to maintain their business, while the PA has concerns about the financial burden of creating replacement terminals. The model used for solving conflicts between TOC and PA is a multi-criteria one of BC (Benefit and Cost) ratio, Net Present Value and Internal Risk Return. The analysis provides a transparent explanation to all parties that there is not a viable financial solution for creating new berths. The results are also important contribution to the stakeholder engagement process with port labor, government, business interests and neighborhood community.

새만금호 방수제 공사에 따른 관리수위 운영과 환경변화에 관한 고찰

새만금 사업은 대체 농지조성 및 쾌적한 복지 농어촌을 건설하고, 동북아 경제중심지로서 거점을 개발하는 한편 친환경적 개발 계획 및 기술에 바탕을 둔 녹색 도시로 성장하도록 하는 글로벌 명품 사업이다. 이러한 새만금 사업을 친환경 간척 모델의 하나로 개발하기 위하여 새만금 사업 환경영향 공동조사 및 토론회 등을 거쳐 친환경적 순차 개발 계획이 확정되었다. 현재는 방수제 공사가 진행 중에 있으며, 이에 따라 새만금호의 적정 수질 유지 및 환경변화에 따른 합리적인 대책 수립이 요구되고 있는 실정이다. 새만금호 내 환경은 상류 오염부하량 및 배수갑문 조작 현황 등에 의해 많은 영향을 받게 되므로, 본 연구에서는 새만금 방조제 끝막이로부터 방수제 공사 이후까지의 새만금호 관리수위 결정에 미치는 전반적인 요인들을 파악하였으며, 현재 진행 중인 방수제 공사와 관련된 수치 모델링 및 지속적인 해수 유통이 미치는 환경적 문제를 함께 고찰하였다. 새만금호 관리수위는 배후지 침수 분석, 끝막이 시공 여건과 비산먼지 등 환경대책에 대한 내용을 포함한 여러 조건에 따라 결정되며, 방수제 축조 후가 축조 전에 비하여 염분 농도 뿐 아니라 해수 유입 범위가 갑문 방향으로 1.2 km 감소하는 것으로 예측되었다.

Benchmarks as a tool for free allocation through comparison with similar projects: Focused on multi-family housing complex

A multilateral effort to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions has been implemented around the world. In particular, the Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS) emerged as a market-based approach used to control GHG emissions by providing carbon credits (or allowances). One of the most controversial issues in the ETS is the question of how the allowances will be distributed. Therefore, this research aimed to develop a decision support model for establishing benchmarks as a tool for free allocation in the construction industry. It can be used in the pre-design phase to estimate the amount of allowances in a given construction site. In this study, a total of 147 types of data on the reinforced concrete frame in multi-family housing projects in South Korea were collected and used to develop the advanced Case-Based Reasoning (CBR), which can be used to establish benchmarks as a tool for free allocation.Results showed that the prediction performance of the advanced CBR model was superior (prediction accuracy; standard deviation) in all classifications: concrete (93.45%; 6.01), steel bar (94.20%; 4.34), and formwork (94.28%; 4.67). In the case study, a total of 60 possible combinations were evaluated in terms of the economic and environmental impact simultaneously with the retrieved cases. The results of this study could be expanded into other areas including new renewable energy, rehabilitation projects, and demolition projects.

Infrastructure asset management system for bridge projects in South Korea

While there have been many studies on life cycle cost analysis and preventive maintenance planning, this study proposes an innovative method of bridge asset management in South Korea. Two different levels of approaches were used in this study. First, in the level of bridge elements, deterioration modeling and optimized maintenance repair and rehabilitation (MR&R) planning on bridge assets are proposed, using the bridge historical data of Han River in the city of Seoul. Second, the network level of bridge asset management is suggested, using historical MR&R cost and budget, overall-condition assessment results, and health index data. These two levels of approaches were developed into an Internet-based application so that facility managers can use them to review their past budgets and to plan their future budget based on historical data.

Antitrust Implications of Defense Development Projects in South Korea: The Case of the KSS-III Project

Following almost three years of an in-depth investigation, the Korean Fair Trade Commission (KFTC) has recently issued a decision on February 5, 2012 penalizing four domestic defense contractors for perpetrating bid-rigging in connection with the KSS-III submarine development project. This KFTC decision is quite significant in that it is the first-ever collusion case involving a defense research and development (R&D) project in the history of the Republic of Korea (ROK). The purpose of this paper is to attempt a critical appraisal of the KFTC’s Definitive Decision. Toward this end, the paper will first describe the KSS-III project, which is the first indigenous submarine development project in the ROK, and its bidding process. The paper will go on to survey the KFTC’s investigation process including the onset of the investigation and pertinent legislative framework, leading up to the agency’s preliminary report, plenary session, and, finally, the Definitive Decision. The paper will then attempt to critique the KFTC decision including a comparative analysis of the U.S. government procurement process and its legislative framework. The paper will finally end with certain policy recommendations for the ROK government relative to teaming arrangements in the defense R&D setting.

부동산 개발사업의 유형별 투자결정요인 분석

부동산 개발사업에서 가장 중요한 의사결정 포인트는 사업성이다. 사업성을 확보하기 위해서는 무엇보다 주어진 분양가 아래에서 토지비와 공사비 등 비용을 최소화하는 것이다. 도시형 생활주택과 오피스텔, 호텔, 상업시설 등 분양형 부동산을 중심으로 204개 프로젝트의 사업수지분석표를 수집해 문헌 고찰 및 통계학적, 실증적 방법으로 비교 분석한 결과, 구성요소 가운데 수익률에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 요소는 지상연면적당 토지비로 확인됐다. 다중선형회귀분석을 실시한 결과, 지상연면적당 토지비는 용적률과 관련된 단위면적당 요소비용으로서 부동산 개발사업의 경상이익률을 결정하는 데 가장 큰 음(-)의 영향력을 보여줬다. 지상연면적당 토지매입비는 주거용에 비해 상업용 부동산 개발사업에서는 이익률에 영향을 미치는 정도가 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 건축비는 분양가 상한제 적용시 정부 고시 표준건축비를 적용하는 등 건물층수에 따라 일부 차등화 되지만 프로젝트의 수익성을 좌우할 정도로 큰 영향력을 보이지 않았다. 본 연구는 부동산 개발사업의 수익성에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 사업수지분석표상 제반 요인들의 비중을 분석하고 이들을 적합하게 산정하는 일은 개발사업의 수익성 향상 및 리스크 관리를 위한 의사결정에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. The most important thing to develop real estate asset would be a feasibility study. To secure feasibility of development projects, reducing and minimizing the cost of land and construction also would be the important thing. To analyze optimal land-value for real estate development projects, I have collected 204 balance sheets of development projects in South Korea. With the help of statistical technology, I could have selected useful data from those balance sheets. After detailed analysis of statistical data, I could have reached conclusion that the most important factor to earning rate would be land cost per unit ground area under the constraint of given sale price. So far the main pattern of feasibility study of development projects was land cost and construction cost. However, by this study, I have found a new fact that construction cost has little effect to earning rate and land cost per unit ground area is the most effect to earning rate especially in residential facilities rather than commercial ones.

HYBRID FORECASTING SYSTEM BASED ON CASE-BASED REASONING AND ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS FOR COST ESTIMATION

Cost estimating of highway projects with high accuracy at the early stage of project development is crucial for planning and feasibility studies. Various research have been attempted to develop cost prediction models in the early stage of a construction life cycle. This study uses the hybrid estimating tool to provide an effective cost data management for highway projects and accordingly develops a realistic cost estimating system. This study focused on the development of a more accurate estimate technique for highway projects in South Korea at the early stage using hybrid analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and case-based reasoning (CBR). Real case studies are used to demonstrate and validate the benefits of the proposed approach. It is expected that the developed CBR system is to provide decision-makers with accurate cost information to asses and compare multiple alternatives for obtaining the optimal solution and controlling cost.

A Selection Methodology of Slab-form Construction Methods in Residential Buildings based on the Simulation and Delphi Techniques

Compared to other operations, formwork depends mostly on manual labor and greatly influences the subsequent and overall processes. The form selection criteria for construction projects in South Korea are based however, not on objective and concrete origins, but on the limited experiences of highly practiced planners or engineers. Also, there are no appropriate selection criteria for the data shared by construction companies. Therefore, this paper aims to offer an objective and concrete methodology by which an appropriate formwork operation for structural works can be selected. Toward this end, the aluminum form, sky-deck form, and AFB methods are among the slab form methods widely used in densely populated regions. The Delphi technique was used for the qualitative items of the criteria and the simulation technique for the quantitative items. Also, the AHP technique was applied for finding variable weights of both qualitative and quantitative items in an integrated model. Through the aforementioned procedure, objective selection criteria were derived. Also, by presenting a case study on the selection of an appropriate operation, which includes emerging technologies that completely lack actual data, a practical application of the proposed methodology is proposed.

퇴적암 내의 지질구조가 비탈면 안정성에 미치는 영향 : 대구 북서부 지역의 예

본 연구에서는 퇴적암지역에서 발달하는 지질구조들이 비탈면의 안정성에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 이해하고자 하였다. 연구지역과 같이 퇴적암지역 비탈면의 경우, 도로 양쪽의 비탈면이 층리의 경사방향에 따라 매우 다른 양상을 보인다. 또한 단층대가 존재하는 경우에는 보강공사가 완료된 후에도 지속적인 파괴가 관찰되고 있었다. 하지만 대부분의 대규모 단층에서 비탈면 안정성 조사 시 단층대를 정확하게 인지하기 어려워 새로운 누적절리밀도를 통한 단층대 인지방법을 제안하였다. 또한 최근 대규모 공사로 인하여 많은 비탈면들이 다면비탈면의 형태로 나타나는 경우가 많다. 이 경우 일정한 주향을 가진 대표비탈면들의 방향에 따라 구간을 설정하고, 이를 바탕으로 비탈면 안정성 분석을 실시하여, 각 구간에 따라 다른 비탈면 안정성 평가가 이루어져야 하는 예를 보여주었다. 따라서 퇴적암지역에서의 비탈면설계 시 층리와 불연속면의 방향 그리고 이들 사이의 상관관계 등 지질구조들의 발달특성을 잘 고려한다면 공사단계에서도 작업의 효율을 높일 수 있고, 공사 후에도 비탈면의 안정성을 높일 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. The purpose of this work is to gain a better understanding of the interrelationships between geological structures and slope failure in sedimentary rocks. In the studied slopes, construction-related slope failure could only be observed on the south-dipping slopes. This indicates that slope stability may be dependent on the angular relationships between the dip direction of bedding and the orientation of the slope. Slope failure continued, post-construction, around large fault zones in the studied outcrop; these fault damage zones are, however, not easily recognized in the field. Here we suggest a new method that uses accumulated fracture density to precisely identify fault damage zones. Multiple-faced slopes are now increasingly being exposed during large-scale construction projects in South Korea. This multiple-faced slope analysis indicates that the stability of a slope should be evaluated by identifying domains, through the analysis of possible slopes and their angular relationships with bedding and other discontinuities, prior to construction. Therefore, careful consideration of geological structures such as bedding and other discontinuities, and their angular relationships during the design of cuttings through sedimentary rocks, will increase the efficiency of construction and enable the safe construction of more stable slopes that will retain their stability after construction.