Project In Shanghai Research Articles

Research on protection scheme of high temperature superconducting cable

This paper introduces the structure, electrical parameters and fault characteristics of high temperature superconducting cable, studies the comprehensive protection scheme of superconducting cable, analyses and studies the influence and countermeasure of electrical parameters of superconducting cable on conventional relay protection, especially the line split-phase current differential protection, puts forward the capacitance current compensation scheme based on time domain, and verifies the compensation effect by simulation. The overall configuration scheme of protection and automatic safety device of kilometre high-temperature superconducting cable demonstration project in Shanghai is proposed: one set of quench protection is configured for the superconducting cable, and two sets of split-phase current differential protection (including complete overcurrent protection as backup) are configured on both sides of the superconducting cable line to quickly isolate faults in the area. The quench protection of superconducting cable trips through the operating circuit of line protection equipment. A set of standby power supply automatic switching device is equipped in Caoxi substation, which can automatically switch to two conventional cables in case of superconducting cable failure, so as to realize uninterrupted power supply when the superconducting cable failed.

Integrating heritage assets in large commercial complexes: de-contextualization and re-signification of memory in Shanghai

Since early this century, multiple large-scale commercial projects in Shanghai and other Chinese cities incorporate heritage assets for the creation of new identities after de-contextualisation trough demolition of complete city blocks. This tabula rasa approach resulted in a discontinuity of the meaning and use that local communities gave to these heritage buildings and a re-appropriation by new users in a context of consumerism. This paper studies two cases in Shanghai city center: Jing An Kerry Centre and Greenland Bund Centre, where heritage buildings related to the memories of Communism, trading societies and Christianity are incorporated into high-density high-end commercial redevelopment. As we argue, the study of heritage conservation methods and urban design approaches reveals profound discontinuities in the position and meaning of heritage assets, which respond to important political and economic performance requirements. This paper puts forward two main arguments. Firstly, that the choice of heritage conservation methods and design approaches aligns with the new official narrative of the desired image of Shanghai as a prosperous global city rooted in Communism. Secondly, that the de-contextualisation of heritage assets within a new corporate urban context motivates specific heritage-related landscape, urban and architectural design responses, that contribute to their re-contextualisation in a new sanitized urban environment.

Introduction of 35-kV kilometer-scale high-temperature superconducting cable demonstration project in Shanghai

In December 2021, the 35-kV kilometer-level high-temperature superconducting (HTS) demonstration cable was officially connected to the grid in Xuhui District, Shanghai, China. A three-in-one HTS cable with a rated current of 2.2 kA, which replaces four-parallel lines XLPE cables, has been used in this project. This cable powers one of the busiest districts of Shanghai and serves to demonstrate and study the stability and reliability of a superconducting cable in the municipal power system. This project officially started in February 2019, and the type test of the prototype cable system was completed in November 2019. The commissioning test will be completed in November 2021. This paper introduces the main operating parameters, relevant research studies, and tests of this project.

Master development, land appreciation, and government finance: Evidence from the Disney project in Shanghai

AbstractUsing the difference‐in‐differences method, this paper employs a unique government land transaction dataset at the individual level and investigates how much extra government revenue is generated by the Shanghai Disney Resort through land value appreciation in nearby areas. The results suggest that the Shanghai Disney project significantly increases the nearby land value and then increases local extra government revenue. The average annual extra growth rate was 9.81% (37.01 billion CNY) of Shanghai government revenue from 2009 to 2015 through nearby land value appreciation after the approval of the Shanghai Disney project in 2009. There also exists a heterogeneous impact of the Shanghai Disney project on different types of land value.

Rethinking the growth machine logic in cultural development: Urban sculpture planning in Shanghai

Using urban sculpture planning in Shanghai as a case study, this article aims to understand the process of planning cultural projects in China and to evaluate the applicability of the growth machine model to the social dynamics underlying cultural development in Chinese cities. Based on interviews with sculpture planning officers in 10 districts and the municipality, as well as 56 companies that have been involved in sculpture projects in Shanghai, this article argues that the growth machine model is of limited applicability to urban sculpture planning in Shanghai. Instead, a public-sector-centred tripartite model is more applicable for the following reasons. First, most cooperative relationships in key cultural development projects engage state-patronized public corporations instead of the private sector. Here the government plays a dominant role. Second, public–private partnership is rare and loosely formed. The broadly defined concept of shared cultural capital that includes personal artistic tastes, altruistic motivations, and brand building concerns engenders public–private cooperation. Third, the local state adopts a laissez-faire approach to most of the private-sector-invested cultural projects that the government considers to be less crucial to its vision for Shanghai’s art landscape.

Recognizing and coordinating multidimensional dynamic stakeholder value conflicts for sustainability-oriented Construction Land Reduction projects in Shanghai, China: An integrated SA-SNA-TRIZ approach

As a characteristic new means for China to curb the excessive and disordered expansion of construction land, Construction Land Reduction (CLR) plays a significant role in achieving the sustainable use of land resources in economic, ecological and social terms. However, frequent value conflicts inevitably arise over diverse value appeals of various stakeholders throughout all phases of CLR projects, which has greatly impeded the effective implementation of CLR projects in China. To systematically recognize and strategically coordinate stakeholder value conflicts regarding multidimensional dynamic values under limited management resources and insufficient project experience, this study proposes an integrated SA (stakeholder analysis) - SNA (social network analysis) - TRIZ (theory of inventive problem solving) approach built on a systematic framework for stakeholder value conflict management. An empirical study on Shanghai's CLR projects is conducted to demonstrate the usefulness and effectiveness of the proposed approach. A total of 280 pairs of value conflicts over 53 value appeals of 11 stakeholders are identified during the four phases of CLR projects in the SA-based conflict identification process, with 4 key value appeals and 21 key value conflicts prioritized in the SNA-based criticality evaluation process. Through the TRIZ-based strategy proposal process, 31 targeted coordination strategies are proposed, from which six major managerial and policy implications for CLR can be distilled. Methodologically, this study contributes to conflict management research by providing an integrated SA-SNA-TRIZ approach with a novel systematic methodological framework. Practically, the research outcomes provide policy makers and practitioners with useful new insights into managing stakeholder value conflicts, thereby driving successful project implementation and facilitating sustainability practices.

Longitudinal structural deformation mechanism of shield tunnel linings considering shearing dislocation of circumferential joints

To understand the longitudinal structural deformation mechanism of shield tunnel linings, it is crucial to reasonably consider circumferential joints, especially their shearing deformation. Towards that end, first, the dislocation between lining rings caused by the differential settlement of an actual tunnel project in Shanghai was introduced in detail. Next, the longitudinal deformation model of shield tunnels derived from Timoshenko beam theory was revised to predict the actual deformation more accurately. Then, a homogeneous solid ring-spring numerical model considering a novel treatment for the circumferential joint was proposed and validated with the aid of field data. Furthermore, to enhance the understanding of the longitudinal deformation mechanism caused by differential settlement, the longitudinal deformation of the selected project and additional cases was analysed in detail by using the proposed model. The results show that the longitudinal deformation caused by differential settlement comprises both dislocations (shearing deformation) and openings (bending deformation) between lining rings, although the dislocation deformation is observed to be more significant for the selected case. When the distance is close to the special lining rings (the maximum of the differential settlement), the dislocation increases first and then decreases. There is an abrupt increase between lining rings for the shear stress, which is the main reason for the dislocation of the circumferential joints. The opening of the circumferential joint that occurs at the invert of the shield tunnel next to both sides of the special lining rings is found to be severe and potentially hazardous.

Assessing one-way carsharing’s impacts on vehicle ownership: Evidence from Shanghai with an international comparison

Carsharing is considered an important alternative to the private car. Based on the studies in Europe and North America, it is agreed that carsharing can reduce private car ownership. However, due to the differences in the development stages and characteristics of cities and transportation, it is unknown whether carsharing can also decrease car ownership in China, which results in a gap in the evaluation of carsharing in China. This paper takes the carsharing project EVCARD in Shanghai as an example. Based on survey data on vehicle ownership from users and actual operations data, the impacts of carsharing on selling cars, giving up and delaying purchasing a car in Shanghai are quantitatively analyzed. The results in Shanghai are compared with the relevant research results in different cities around the world. The results show that: (1) the carsharing project in Shanghai also has the benefit of reducing private car ownership. Each carsharing vehicle can replace 4.56 private cars. However, unlike in European and North American cities, Shanghai carsharing mainly suppresses vehicle growth by reducing individual willingness to buy a car, because the proportion of cars sold owing to carsharing is obviously lower than in Europe and North America. (2) For giving up car purchases, carsharing mainly suppresses the first car in the family. (3) Good public transport and carsharing services can substantially improve the substitution benefits of carsharing for private cars. If carsharing can reach the service level of “whenever and wherever carsharing is available”, the proportion of users who sell, give up and delay buying cars will increase from 0.78%, 30% and 31% to 12%, 40% and 47% respectively. The findings in the study provide a quantitative basis for assessing the carsharing benefits on the reduction of vehicle ownership in China, and also provide a useful reference for evaluating carsharing benefits in other developing countries.

Shanghai’s Regenerated Industrial Waterfronts: Urban Lab for Sustainability Transitions?

In China, Shanghai often serves as a place to introduce and try out new ideas. This is certainly the case with experimental urban planning and design solutions and sustainability transitions. This article identifies and evaluates the role of pilot projects and demonstration zones along the Huangpu River. These clusters and zones are supposed to guide the urban regeneration of the former industrial waterfronts and to accelerate innovative development in Shanghai and the wider Yangtze Delta Region. The Huangpu River as a whole is considered an urban lab and a showcase of ecological civilisation policies, with a strong ‘people oriented’ focus on improving the overall quality and attractiveness of urban life. Following three decades of rapid urban expansion, Shanghai’s urban development model is shifting toward one that emphasizes densification and the reuse of existing elements. The motto of Shanghai’s latest master plan is “Striving for an Excellent Global City.” One of the pathways to realize this expectation is the creation of thematic clusters for creative industries, financial institutes, AI, and technology, media and telecommunication industries. These clusters are high-density investment projects meant to support and accelerate the transformation of Shanghai into a service economy. There are important similarities between these projects in Shanghai and the role of urban labs in theories of sustainability transitions. Drawing on these theories and those of ecological civilization, this article examines how these so-called ‘experimental’ urban megaprojects along the river contribute to Shanghai’s effort to take the lead in developing sustainable urban transitions.

Information Seeking and Collaborative Decision-Making Behaviour in Consultancy Project Teams: A Network Theoretic Viewpoint

Purpose – This study aims to examine how embeddedness influences consultants’ information seeking when making decisions within a social network of relationships, and how these social networks evolve throughout the project delivery stages. The study is grounded in social network theory and examines embeddedness from three perspectives: structural (network cohesion), relational (tie strength in terms of friendship and knowledge awareness) and actor prominence. Design/methodology/approach – A social network analysis (SNA) questionnaire was administered to a team of consultants working on a management consultancy project in Shanghai, China. The SNA measures of density, degree centrality and betweenness centrality were used to analyse relationship patterns among project team members, permitting comparison between the networks. Networks were also compared across the three project delivery stages of collect, consider and create. Findings – Structural embeddedness was observed in the active information seeking behaviour among consultancy team members. The moderate network density of the self-organising information seeking networks across the project delivery stages ensures that the team remains connected but avoids information redundancy and overload. Relational embeddedness was evident through the multiplexity of ties among team members with overlapping friendship and information seeking relationships. The knowledge awareness network’s sparseness indicates a team of autonomous knowledge workers with distributed expertise. Project managers were the most prominent actors across the three project delivery stages, underlining these actors’ relational leadership role. Practical implications – The study provides a deeper understanding of collaborative decision-making behaviours in dynamic-project environments. Limited attempts have been made to visualise and analyse the relationships involved in small consulting teams. The novelty of the network approach adopted stems from its ability to offer a structural view of the relationship among consultants, thus offering a distinctive and arguably more complete picture of consultancy team dynamics. Originality/value – The study validates the social network theory of embeddedness in a real-world collaborative decision-making setting and provides a deeper understanding of information seeking behaviours for decision-making in dynamic-project environments. From a project management process viewpoint, the evolving nature of the information seeking network as it changes across the project stages with associated actors’ roles was also visualised graphically, offering a distinctive and arguably more complete picture of consultancy team dynamics.

Correction to: Introduction of 35 kV km Level Domestic Second Generation High Temperature Superconducting Power Cable Project in Shanghai, China

A correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10948-021-05931-w

Information seeking and collaborative decision-making behaviour in consultancy project teams: a network theoretic viewpoint

PurposeThis study aims to examine how embeddedness influences consultants' information seeking when making decisions within a social network of relationships, and how these social networks evolve throughout the project delivery stages. The study is grounded in social network theory and examines embeddedness from three perspectives: structural (network cohesion), relational (tie strength in terms of friendship and knowledge awareness) and actor prominence.Design/methodology/approachA social network analysis (SNA) questionnaire was administered to a team of consultants working on a management consultancy project in Shanghai, China. The SNA measures of density, degree centrality and betweenness centrality were used to analyse relationship patterns among project team members, permitting comparison between the networks. Networks were also compared across the three project delivery stages of collect, consider and create.FindingsStructural embeddedness was observed in the active information seeking behaviour among consultancy team members. The moderate network density of the self-organising information seeking networks across the project delivery stages ensures that the team remains connected but avoids information redundancy and overload. Relational embeddedness was evident through the multiplexity of ties among team members with overlapping friendship and information seeking relationships. The knowledge awareness network's sparseness indicates a team of autonomous knowledge workers with distributed expertise. Project managers were the most prominent actors across the three project delivery stages, underlining these actors' relational leadership role.Practical implicationsThe study provides a deeper understanding of collaborative decision-making behaviours in dynamic-project environments. Limited attempts have been made to visualise and analyse the relationships involved in small consulting teams. The novelty of the network approach adopted stems from its ability to offer a structural view of the relationship among consultants, thus offering a distinctive and arguably more complete picture of consultancy team dynamics.Originality/valueThe study validates the social network theory of embeddedness in a real-world collaborative decision-making setting and provides a deeper understanding of information seeking behaviours for decision-making in dynamic-project environments. From a project management process viewpoint, the evolving nature of the information seeking network as it changes across the project stages with associated actors' roles was also visualised graphically, offering a distinctive and arguably more complete picture of consultancy team dynamics.

AC Loss Analysis of 35 kV High Temperature Superconducting Cables

The alternating current (AC) loss is a key consideration of the operation economy and stability of the high temperature superconducting (HTS) cables. In this paper, the sources of the AC loss in the HTS cable are analyzed firstly. The three-phase HTS cable, adopted in the 35 kV km-level HTS cable demonstrating project in Shanghai, China, is modeled by the finite element method (FEM) to calculate the AC loss by the COMSOL Multiphysics. The AC loss of the designed 35 kV HTS cable is 1.31 W/m. The theoretical calculation method is also implemented to verify the modeling results. Furthermore, considering the on-site conditions of the demonstrating project in Shanghai, China, the calorimetric method is conducted by measuring the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet of liquid nitrogen. The obtained results provide useful indications for the future design and research of HTS AC systems.

Applying a global pulse disturbance to eliminate spiral waves in models of cardiac muscle* *Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11875042 and 11505114), and the Shanghai project for construction of top disciplines (Grant No. USST-SYS01).

Removal of spiral waves in cardiac muscle is necessary because of their threat to life. Common methods for this removal are to apply a local disturbance to the media, such as a periodic forcing. However, most of these methods accelerate the beating of the cardiac muscle, resulting in the aggravation of the ventricular tachycardia, which directly threatens life. In the present study, in order to clear off spiral waves, a global pulse-disturbance is applied to the media based on three models of cardiac muscle. It is found that the spiral waves are eliminated and the frequency of the cardiac muscle is decreased in a short time, and finally, the state of the medium reaches the normal oscillation, which supports a target waves. Our method sheds light on the removal of spiral waves in cardiac muscle and can prevent the ventricular tachycardia as well as the ventricular fibrillation.x

Vibration Testing and Evaluation of 35-kV km-Level Domestic Second-Generation High-Temperature Superconducting Power Cable in Shanghai, China

The 35-kV km-level domestic high-temperature superconducting (HTS) power cable project in Shanghai, China, is expected to be deployed in 2021. Facing the complex operating environment in the metropolitan area, such as the vibration excitation from the subway, pile driving, and seismic activities, the vacuum degree, sealability, and insulation performance of the HTS cables may be affected by the unavoidable mechanical perturbations. The response to the potential vibration excitation is a key factor for the safety and stability of the HTS cables in operation. Therefore, this paper conducts a set of vibration testings for the HTS cable under four kinds of vibration conditions, which include the subway vibration, pile-driving vibration, typical earthquake vibration, and Shanghai artificial wave vibration. Results show that the leakage and outgassing rate of the HTS cable is 1.3×10−6 Pa m3/s at a static state, and increases to 1.4×10−6 Pa m3/s after the vibration testing. The HTS cable exhibits insignificant changes after the vibration testings in the dielectric spectrum examination. The HTS cable can keep its function after the vibration testing that possibly occurred in the metropolitan area.

From Border to Interface: Evaluating the Design Strategies in the Regeneration of Industrial Heritage Projects in Shanghai from the Perspective of Public Space - Public Life

From Border to Interface: Evaluating the Design Strategies in the Regeneration of Industrial Heritage Projects in Shanghai from the Perspective of Public Space - Public Life

Discussion on the application of CCTV detection in the pipeline network inspection project of a community repair project in Shanghai

Taking the pipeline inspection as an example, this paper cleborates the CCTV detection process, and expounds the corresponding technical points combined with the construction site and relevant specifications. According to the inspection results, the defects of the pipeline are evaluated, and the corresponding maintenance and repair opinions are proposed.

Evaluating the economic and social benefits of multiutility tunnels with an agent-based simulation approach

PurposeMultiutility tunnel (MUT) has been recognised as a more sustainable method to place underground utilities than the traditional directly buried (DB) method. However, the implementation of MUT is hindered because of high initial construction costs and the difficulty to demonstrate its benefits, especially social benefits that are hard to be quantified. To address the limitation, this paper aims to quantify and compare both economic costs and traveller loss (i.e. an important part of social costs) of the MUT and DB method.Design/methodology/approachAn agent-based model (ABM) is developed, which considers attributes and actions of vehicles, interactions between vehicles and interactions between vehicles and the road network. The ABM is used to estimate traveller loss by comparing traveller time when the MUT and DB method is adopted, respectively. The traveller loss is combined with economic costs to estimate and compare the LCC of the MUT and DB method. To verify the ABM-based approach, it is implemented in an MUT project in Shanghai, China.FindingsResults of the study indicate: (1) When the DB method is adopted, periodic E&Rs cause severe traffic congestion and substantial traveller loss. (2) When traveller loss is not included in the LCC estimation, the DB method has a lower LCC in most scenarios. (3) When traveller loss is included, the relative LCC of MUT and the time it takes to cover the LCC of the MUT and DB method is largely reduced. Thus, when social costs are considered, MUT will bring more benefits than the DB method.Originality/valuePrevious studies on comparing the MUT and DB method focus on investigating economic costs, while other costs, e.g. social costs, are not well addressed quantitatively. Besides, current studies of traveller loss estimation lack consideration of factors such as unique attributes, actions and interactions of vehicles and the network. Hence, this paper applies an ABM-based approach to involve these factors and produce more reliable estimation of traveller loss than existing approaches. Moreover, by integrating traveller loss into LCC analysis, this paper helps to understand the benefits of MUT thus assisting decision-making in selecting utilities placement methods.

Preliminary research on sponge city concept for urban flood reduction: a case study on ten sponge city pilot projects in Shanghai, China

PurposeThis research aimed to determine the differences and similarities in each pilot project to understand the primary design forms and concepts of sponge city concept (SCC) projects in China. It also aimed to examine ten pilot projects in Shanghai to extrapolate their main characteristics and the processes necessary for implementing SCC projects effectively.Design/methodology/approachA literature review and field survey case study were employed. Data were mostly collected through a field survey in Shanghai, focusing on both the projects and the surrounding environment. Based on these projects' examination, a comparative method was used to determine the characteristics of the ten pilot SCC projects and programs in Shanghai.FindingsSix main types of SCC projects among 30 pilot cities were classified in this research to find differences and similarities among the pilot cities. Four sponge design methods were classified into ten pilot projects. After comparing each project size using the same geographical size, three geometrical types were categorized into both existing and new city areas. SCC project characteristics could be identified by combining four methods and three geometrical types and those of the SCC programs by comparing the change in land-use and the surrounding environment in ten pilot projects.Originality/valueThe results are valuable for implementing SCC projects in China and elsewhere and future research on the impact of SCC projects.

Financialising urban redevelopment: Transforming Shanghai’s waterfront

Chinese cities have experienced rapid urbanisation and attracted massive investment in the central city through urban redevelopment. Developing less favourable urban areas such as former industrial sites along the waterfront is less attractive for investment as these areas usually need to deal with poor environments and complicated land ownership. It is therefore important to understand how these urban projects are carried out and what financial instruments are used. This paper examines four waterfront redevelopment projects in Shanghai in the last three decades and asks how they got financed. The financial mechanism in the examined cases confirmed that land-based capital accumulation is central in the financialisation of these projects, with the important role of the state-owned development companies in each project to mobilise capital and carry out development. The paper also finds that the variety of innovative financial instruments like bonds, public-private partnership or the urban regeneration fund are explored to tap capital from domestic and international investors. These financial instruments are complementary to the land-based finance which facilitates urban redevelopment in less attractive waterfront areas, allowing new financial players to explore the potential for the waterfront.