Implementation Of Projects Research Articles

Urban environmental acupuncture as a tool to support nature-based solution implementation: does it deliver what it promises?

Urban environmental acupuncture (UEA) is a novel approach designed to engage with a variety of stakeholders to successfully implement nature-based solutions in dense urban areas. The Interreg Central Europe project SALUTE4CE piloted this concept through small-scale, low-budget interventions in four cities: Chorzow (Poland), Erfurt (Germany), Alessandria (Italy), and Liptovski Mikulas (Slovakia). The pilot projects were designed to be quickly implementable, utilizing abandoned or undesirable sites, with the potential to catalyze both physical and social transformation. Interviews with local actors in these cities after project implementation provided valuable feedback, which was used to develop principles of urban environmental acupuncture. While the limited number of interviews means these findings offer only initial insights, they are largely supported by existing research. Nevertheless, this perspective provides important lessons that can inform future transformation projects and help evaluate the success of the UEA approach. The key contributions of this work are the introduction of urban environmental acupuncture concept, deriving principles of UEA based on feedback from local stakeholders and offering insights in future design and evaluation of similar nature-based solution initiatives in dense urban environments. This perspective helps to establish the potential of UEA as a tool for engaging diverse stakeholders and catalyzing sustainable urban transformation (specifically expansion of nature-based solutions) through low-cost interventions.

Community Engagement and Collaboration between Researchers and Community Stakeholders for Schistosomiasis and Malaria Projects in Ingwavuma, uMkhanyakude District, KwaZulu-Natal

Community engagement is a multiphase process that is crucial for successful community-based health interventions. This study investigates the collaborative phase of community engagement, specifically within a co-developed framework implemented in uMkhanyakude District, South Africa. A qualitative case study approach was employed to explore the experiences of key community stakeholders during the collaborative phase of project implementation. Data collection involved key informant interviews, focus group discussions, and direct observation. The findings demonstrate the potential for effective collaboration among village headmen, community advisory board members, and community research assistants to address local health challenges. Community research assistants played a particularly valuable role in facilitating participatory research and hands-on engagement with researchers. However, several barriers hindered the collaborative process, including demanding work conditions, communication issues regarding compensation, inappropriate behavior from the research team, and culturally insensitive interactions. While community-based participatory research offers a promising collaborative approach for addressing health issues, a careful consideration of local socio-cultural dynamics is essential to avoid misunderstandings and overcome potential barriers. Addressing these challenges is crucial to ensuring that collaborative partnerships effectively empower communities and achieve sustainable improvements in health outcomes.

Addressing barriers to implementing and scaling PrEP in carceral settings: Applying insights from implementation science.

Within the United States, individuals experiencing incarceration are at higher risk for HIV acquisition compared to the general population, yet may face additional difficulty engaging in HIV prevention clinical services. HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is an effective approach to preventing HIV transmission, and the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) recommends that PrEP be offered in carceral settings, particularly during the vulnerable community re-entry period. However, there have been few efforts to scale PrEP in this setting. Based on our experience implementing PrEP in Rhode Island's state carceral system, we have identified potential approaches to overcoming barriers to PrEP use in this unique practice environment by utilizing the implementation research logic model (IRLM). We then evaluated specific implementation determinants and barriers as well as strategies used to overcome those barriers to effectively scale PrEP in this setting. We developed a "toolkit," or 14-step guide, for others in the field to use for implementing PrEP in carceral settings including the development and use of clinical protocols as well as community linkage strategies. Our experiences with barriers in the carceral setting, identifying and leveraging implementation strategies, allowed us to develop a "toolkit" to guide other PrEP implementation projects in carceral settings. We encourage others to scale-out our work to other carceral settings to better reach and engage a group of individuals both at elevated risk for HIV and currently underserved by HIV prevention strategies, including PrEP.

Prevention of radial artery occlusion after transradial angiography and intervention: a best practice implementation project.

Among the complications associated with transradial artery access, radial artery occlusion (RAO) is the most frequent and serious, limiting the reuse of the same radial artery for subsequent procedures and as a graft for coronary artery bypass grafting. The objective of this project was to implement best practices to reduce the incidence of RAO, thereby enhancing the quality of patient care after transradial coronary angiography or intervention. The project was conducted in cardiology department of the Huadong Hospital, Shanghai, China. The seven-phase JBI Evidence Implementation Framework was used to guide the project. Eight audit criteria were developed and a baseline audit was conducted to compare current practice with best practices for RAO prevention. Following the implementation of improvement strategies, a follow-up audit was conducted to evaluate the success of the strategies. The implementation of best practices led to significant improvements in reducing the sheath/catheter size and systematically assessing radial artery patency before discharge, with both criteria reaching 100% compliance. The use of prophylactic ulnar compression increased from 0% to 90%, and the adoption of a minimal pressure strategy improved from 0% to 70%. The use of pre-puncture and post-procedural pre-hemostasis nitrates also increased from 23% to 93%. Barriers to implementation included the lack of dedicated devices for prophylactic ulnar artery compression, the possibility of bleeding after removal of the compression device, absence of an evidence-based care workflow, and absence of nursing assessment record forms for RAO prevention. This project promoted evidence-based practices among nurses for the care of RAO patients following transradial angiography and intervention. Efforts should be made to sustain the best practices in the future. http://links.lww.com/IJEBH/A261.

абезпечення інноваційного розвитку національної економіки на основі реалізації економічних інтересів учасників систем кластерного партнерства в умовах нових викликів

Introduction. Recent years have been a challenge for the Ukrainian economy. The full-scale war caused significant destruction, interrupted production chains and led to massive migration of the population. In such circumstances, the issues of economic recovery and increasing its competitiveness are particularly acute. The cluster approach, as a proven tool for economic development, can be an effective mechanism for overcoming the consequences of war and ensuring sustainable growth. In the developed countries of the world, there is an increase in cluster formations, where the organizational and functional structures do not change, but the process of joint interaction intensifies, which creates favorable conditions for the development of cluster partnerships based on integrated and quasi-integrated relationships and the economy of the territories where they are based. Problem Statement. The effectiveness of cluster partnerships has been proven theoretically by foreign scientists and confirmed by foreign examples. However, modern approaches to the development of cluster partnership systems of the national economy and the implementation of cluster policy in Ukraine do not consider military consequences, the specifics of the territories, the features of cluster partnership as a network interaction of integrated and quasi-integrated business structures, government and scientific institutions, synergistic links between them, regional, sectoral and other aspects. The purpose is to study the features and formulate directions for ensuring the innovative development of the national economy based on the realization of the economic interests of participants in cluster partnership systems in the face of new challenges. Methods. The study used general scientific and special methods, in particular, description, analysis, theoretical generalization, synthesis. Results. The directions of state support for the innovative development of the national economy based on the realization of the interests of participants in cluster partnership systems, which are implemented by intensifying the policy of cluster partnership in the innovation sector and are an alternative option for the formation and support of initiatives in the implementation of innovative projects. A characteristic of cluster partnership systems is the acquisition of forms of mutual assistance through cooperation in the regulatory policy of innovative development of the country's economy. The private sector is responsible for increasing the amount of funding for the innovation process, directly implements and ensures the commercialization of innovations. The state, first of all, provides legislative, financial, and informational support, and undertakes the training of highly qualified personnel. Conclusions. State support is the driving force behind the development of cluster partnership systems, which are implemented through the intensification of cluster partnership policy in the innovation sector and is the only alternative option for the formation and support of initiatives in the implementation of innovative projects for the development of the national economy in the post-war period.

The Effect of Railway Projects Increasing Safety on the Frequency of Occurrences

This contribution is focused on the presentation of individual research results aimed at evaluating the socio-economic impacts associated with increasing the safety and reliability of the railway transport route. The goal of the research is to propose and subsequently verify an original approach for assessing the impact of the implementation of investment projects, including measures aimed at increasing the safety and reliability of railway transport routes, on the resulting number of occurrences that happen on the railway in the Czech Republic. The proposed procedure is based on several key documents. In addition to already existing national methodologies, these are mainly the database of occurrences managed by the Railway Administration of the Czech Republic, including approximately 1000 occurrences for each year of the evaluated period (2009–2018), and information on 33 projects on the railway transport route, where the effects of their implementation on the overall frequency of occurrences are examined events in the subject location. The output of the research is a methodical approach for assessing the impact of the implementation of projects aimed at increasing the safety and reliability of the railway transport route. We perceive the impact on the occurrences from the point of view of the frequency of their occurrence and from the point of view of the socio-economic impacts that are achieved as a result of the implementation of the projects. From the point of view of the frequency of occurrence, a reduction in its value of 4.63% was found. As part of the research, the impact on the occurrence of extraordinary events is also assessed in the context of the scope of the railway transport route, both with regard to the length of the reconstructed track and also with regard to traffic performance.

DIABEZE: Diabetes self-management among the elderly in a Belgian home for the aged: a best practice implementation project.

The aim of this project was to improve the self-management of diabetes among elderly residents in a Belgian home for the aged. Diabetes is a common chronic condition with significant comorbidity. Incidence is increasing, but a third of patients with diabetes are unaware that they have the disease. The treatment of diabetes requires a multifactorial approach. Treatment guidelines on diabetes recommend involving patients in monitoring their condition because supported self-management improves daily glycemic control. This evidence implementation project used the JBI Evidence Implementation Framework, which follows three phases. In the first phase, the area of change, stakeholders' role, and practice context and readiness for change are investigated. In the second phase, a baseline audit is conducted to compare current practice with best practice. Strategies are then implemented to address any areas of non-compliance with best practice. In the third phase, a follow-up audit is conducted to evaluate changes in practice. At baseline, six criteria had 0% compliance, two criteria had compliance lower than 50%, and only 49% of health care workers were familiar with the procedure for hypoglycemia treatment. Improvement strategies included creating awareness among health workers. In the follow-up audit, one criterion improved from 0% to 100%, three criteria improved from 0% to 85%, two criteria reached the threshold of 50% compliance, and one criterion reached 19%. Further audits are needed to ensure sustainability. This project improved diabetes self-management in elderly people living in a Belgian home for the aged. An in-depth planning phase with internal facilitation and interdisciplinary collaboration between all co-workers addressed barriers related to quality systems, structure, communication, and education. http://links.lww.com/IJEBH/A258.

The Effectiveness of using Artificial Intelligence for Building Professional Competencies of Future Specialists in Art Majors in Higher Education Institutions

The research aims to study the impact of the use of artificial intelligence (AI) tools in higher education institutions (HEIs) on building professional competencies of future art specialists. The research employed quantitative and qualitative methods (in particular, modeling methods, pedagogical experiments, and survey of respondents to assess the impact of AI tools on building professional competencies). The author’s definition of the concept of “professional competencies of art specialists” is proposed. Targeted tools were selected and used for building components of professional competencies. For example, VocalAnalysis AI tools were used to form the perceptual component — for students majoring in Musical Art; Art Vision AI — for students majoring in Fine Arts; ChoreoVision AI — for students majoring in Choreography. The results of the study show that students rated their level of ability to use AI as higher than medium. The questionnaire designed to study the impact of the use of AI on building professional competencies of future specialists in art majors, demonstrated a high level of agreement between the assessment of the impact of the use of AI tools on the formation of various components of professional competencies. Further research can be aimed at the development and testing of an algorithm for objective expert evaluation of specific AI tools for the implementation of art projects by students of the specified art majors.

Фактори активізації соціальних інвестицій бізнесу в Україні та Польщі

Introduction. Contemporary global challenges affect the development of business and the startup ecosystem around the world. In particular, the increase in geopolitical risks due to the full-scale war in Ukraine actualizes the issue of social investments of business. However, these processes have a different nature in different countries. For example, in Poland, social entrepreneurship is aimed at facilitating public access to social services, using new technologies and artificial intelligence for digitalization and increasing business competitiveness. An ecosystem of high-tech startups and social entrepreneurship is being formed at the state level. At the same time, in times of full-scale war in Ukraine, social investment of businesses has become especially important. A new approach to doing business is being formed, according to which startups develop not only new technologies but also support social and humanitarian initiatives. Problem Statement. Assessing the factors of social investment activation on the example of Ukrainian and Polish businesses. The purpose is to identify and evaluate the key factors influencing the development and efficiency of social investments in Polish and Ukrainian business. Methods. General scientific and special methods were used, in particular: scientific abstraction and epistemological (content) analysis, synthesis, induction and deduction, analogies and systematization, system-structural analysis, expert evaluation method, index method and grouping method. Results. The levels of manifestations and possibilities of activation of social investments at different levels, which is based on SDG standards (a combination of environmental, social and public management principles), which create the basis for sustainable development and growth in the world, have been studied. National economies and individual businesses incorporate ESG principles into their development strategies. Compliance with these principles is possible only if there is a sufficient amount of involved investments. The specifics of state policy in the context of the development of social investments, trends in the development of business and startups in Ukraine and Poland, and successful cases of the implementation of social business projects are analyzed. The conducted analysis made it possible to single out the factors of activation of social investments of business in both countries at the global, state and business levels. Conclusions. Today's challenges require a change in business priorities. Even high-tech startups are revising their development strategies in terms of social investments, activities in accordance with ESG principles. At the global level, factors for the activation of social business investments are common to Ukraine and Poland. At the state level, it is possible to distinguish common groups of factors of business activation in Ukraine and Poland, which have different manifestations for each of the countries. Business representatives demonstrate different approaches to social investments: Polish companies actively integrate corporate volunteering, educational and cultural projects into development strategies, while in Ukraine social entrepreneurship is associated with the need to restore social infrastructure, rehabilitation and integration of these groups into public life.

Turbine system vs engine generator in the production of energy by methane in the pacific of Mexico: a technical, economic, and environmental analysis.

This paper aims to analyze the potential of energy production using methane from organic waste as a sustainable alternative to mitigate the environmental impact of energy generation from fossil fuels and the generation of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW). To carry out the analysis, two technologies were evaluated from technical, economic, and environmental perspectives. The LandGEM model was used to estimate the methane generation potential. The amount of energy produced, along with the respective financial indicators, was also calculated. The results showed that for an average feed of 671,892 tons per year of waste, 6160 ft3/min of CH4 would be generated at a maximum peak in the tenth year, with an annual average of 4735 ft3/min. Additionally, 0.831 million metric tons of CO2 equivalent would be avoided. In terms of power generation, a combined cycle micro-turbine system with an installed capacity of 11.35 MW would be feasible and would yield an Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of 35% and a Net Present Value (NPV) of $11,608,006 USD. For an engine-generator system, it was not possible to verify profitability due to a significant increase in capital and O&M costs. These results are intended to provide reference information to assist in the decision-making process related to the implementation of projects aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals within the framework of the 2030 Agenda.

A Real-time Associative Feature-based CRM and ERP Integration Model for SMEs

Abstract Customer relationship management (CRM) and enterprise resource planning (ERP) have been exponentially discussed in the research literature. However, existing studies do not reach a complete agreement on the CRM/ERP integration method, especially for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Generally, this paper proposed a new method of CRM/ERP integration approach, i.e. consistently using associative feature technology. A new feature type, Real-time Data Link Board (RDLB) is suggested and detailed as a generic information carrier solution for multi-system integration between CRM and ERP packages. Useful data elements are mapped into such data boards (sheets) dynamically and synchronized across different data sources, structures and databases. The ultimate contribution of this work is to provide a well-defined and generically reusable data carrier definition and related methods for consistent data modeling during the system integration phase of different digitalization engineering implementation projects. With this proposed approach, data integration among complex systems can be managed consistently throughout application lifecycles supported by the object-oriented software engineering foundation.

Operational Research to Support Rapid Evidence-Based Responses to Outbreaks: Learnings from COVID-19.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the need for making testing readily available was recognized as an important factor for individuals to help make informed decisions, including to isolate or seek care, and for policymakers to control transmission. Toward this end, FIND and the Access to COVID-19 Tools Accelerator funded 16 rapid operational research studies and one implementation project in Africa, the Caribbean, and Asia evaluating the utility, acceptability, and feasibility of different community-based SARS-CoV-2 testing approaches. Here, we discuss common factors and challenges encountered during study implementation. We note six key factors essential for success: 1) collaboration and partnerships; 2) buy-in of local stakeholders, including communities; 3) access to affordable supplies; 4) flexible financing; 5) effective approval systems; and 6) a skilled and motivated workforce. We also note various challenges that must be addressed to fully capitalize on these success factors. In particular, ethics committees are often not well equipped to assess operational research during outbreaks. Outbreaks, especially of novel pathogens, are unpredictable, and transmission dynamics are even more likely to change if the pathogen is prone to frequent mutations, such as SARS-CoV-2. Research that aims to evaluate strategies for curbing transmission must hence be easily and swiftly adaptable. This requires flexibility from researchers, funders, staff conducting the studies, and ethics and other approval committees. International guidelines for evaluating operational research protocols in outbreaks are needed to provide timely evidence to enable informed decisions by individuals, communities, and policymakers, thereby reducing both the human and the economic impact of outbreaks.

An Assessment of Vegetation Changes in the Three-River Headwaters Region, China: Integrating NDVI and Its Spatial Heterogeneity

Assessing vegetation changes in alpine arid and fragile ecosystems is imperative for informed ecological restoration initiatives and adaptive ecosystem management. Previous studies primarily employed the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) to reveal vegetation dynamics, ignoring the spatial heterogeneity alterations caused by bare soil. In this study, we used a comprehensive analysis of NDVI and its spatial heterogeneity to examine the vegetation changes across the Three-River Headwaters Region (TRHR) over the past two decades. A random forest model was used to elucidate the underlying causes of these changes. We found that between 2000 and 2022, 9.4% of the regions exhibited significant changes in both NDVI and its spatial heterogeneity. These regions were categorized into six distinct types of vegetation change: improving conditions (62.1%), regrowing conditions (11.0%), slight degradation (16.2%), medium degradation (8.4%), severe degradation (2.0%), and desertification (0.3%). In comparison with steppe regions, meadows showed a greater proportion of improved conditions and medium degradation, whereas steppes had more instances of regrowth and slight degradation. Climate variables are the dominant factors that caused vegetation changes, with contributions to NDVI and spatial heterogeneity reaching 68.9% and 73.2%, respectively. Temperature is the primary driver of vegetation dynamics across the different types of change, with a more pronounced impact in meadows. In severely degraded steppe and meadow regions, grazing intensity emerged as the predominant driver of NDVI change, with an importance value exceeding 0.50. Notably, as degradation progressed from slight to severe, the significance of this factor correspondingly increased. Our findings can provide effective information for guiding the implementation of ecological restoration projects and the sustainable management of alpine arid ecosystems.

Role of Grants in Ensuring Socio-Economic Stability in the Conditions of War in Ukraine

Grant programs are a key tool for solving global human problems. They promote business development, especially businesses founded by women or veterans. In times of crisis, grants become indispensable support for overcoming difficulties. In Ukraine, grants stimulate the development of various spheres of society, supporting reforms, civil society, science, culture and economy, especially in the context of geopolitical and economic challenges. The purpose of the article is to analyze and systematize available grant programs for the population and business in wartime conditions, to determine effective ways to find and receive them. The authors consider grants as free financial assistance provided for the implementation of projects, education or business development. Grants have a number of advantages compared to other financial instruments, such as loans, attracting investors or crowdfunding. In particular, grants do not need to be returned, and they can be raised systematically, which expands the financial capabilities of organizations. The article also discusses the goals of granting grants in wartime, which may include supporting innovation, solving current security problems, developing certain sectors of the economy, and transferring experience and financial resources from more developed countries. In the article, the author analyzes the experience of programs such as "Horizon Europe" and "EU4Business", emphasizing their role in supporting Ukrainian enterprises and the economy. The conclusions of the article indicate that grants are an important source of funding that allows implementing ideas, conducting scientific research, supporting charitable organizations, and improving the quality of life. The article offers an overview of the different types of grants, their advantages and disadvantages, as well as recommendations for finding and receiving grant support, including public and private grant programs.

УПРАВЛІННЯ РИЗИКАМИ ДОРОЖНЬОГО БУДІВНИЦТВА

The development of the road network plays a key role in the social, economic and environmental development of a country, region cities. A key aspect for achieving the set goals and ensuring the sustainability and efficiency of road construction projects is the management of risks that arise during project planning and execution. The purpose of the work is the research and classification of risks that arise during the implementation of road construction projects, the formation of a risk management system and the search for ways to minimize their negative consequences. The paper proposes a road construction risk management mechanism, the main purpose of which is to ensure the successful implementation of the road construction project, taking into account all possible risks that may affect the process of its implementation and results. The classification of road construction risks by origin, nature, stages of the project, impact on participants, scale, which will ensure the identification of potential risks, the probability of their occurrence and the establishment of the scale of consequences from their impact, is considered. The successful implementation of road construction projects is ensured by measures to minimize the negative consequences of the impact of risks. The authors identified the main areas of risk minimization during road construction, including detailed planning, risk analysis, use of technologies and innovations, reserve time planning, quality control, stakeholder participation, insurance, environmental management, creation of reserve funds, contingency scenario or plans. A contingency scenario of risk minimization in road construction is proposed, which makes it possible to define measures and strategies for the active management of risks that may arise during a road construction project. A contingency scenario allows you to prepare for unforeseen circumstances and negative events that may occur during the implementation of a road construction project. The application of this scenario is absolutely necessary in cases where there is a high probability of the occurrence of specific risks or when these risks can have a serious impact on the project

Embodied national history: leaders, regime change, and regional historiographical trends of independent Cambodia

Abstract Post-independence national historical writings have often been seen as a product of nationalist advocacy and modern nation-state formation. Moving beyond this perspective, this article considers how political leaders took a direct role in promoting different kinds and forms of collective historical thoughts to strengthen their leadership. Specifically, the article explores an active engagement of independent Cambodia's leaders such as Prince Sihanouk, Lon Nol, and Pol Pot, who independently saw national historical understanding as one's own monopolized source of power. It also discusses how different historical accounts in the country were shaped by, and kept up with, other important factors such as Cold War confrontations and regional and global historiographical trends, including “Modernist” and “Marxist” approaches. Discussing these factors helps us understand more critically national historical accounts, which were closely intertwined with specific socioreligious and political circumstances such as political rule and legitimacy, widespread public anxieties, and geopolitical tensions. It also sheds light on the substantial impact of state-imposed historical interpretations on society. As informed by the Cambodian case, this impact can be seen in the implementation of state projects stirred by certain kinds of historical understanding which consequently transformed the living conditions of thousands of people.

Employment and Unemployment as A Subject of State Regulation of The Labor Market in Azerbaijan

Annotation: The level of employment and unemployment are important macroeconomic indicators in order to characterize the effect of the economic policy implemented in the Republic of Azerbaijan and the degree of economic development of the country. The high level of unemployment in the economy causes various complications, which negatively affects the state of socio-economic progress. It is appropriate to consider a number of directions in the field of state regulation of employment and unemployment. These are the regulation of the demand and development for workplaces, the implementation of a successful state policy in the field of education, vocational training and personnel retraining. In the study of the scientific basis of employment issues, it is selected due to the importance of maintaining the continuity of workplaces and regulating its market relations based on the relevance of objective development laws. In this field, it is also worth noting the need for specialization. Measures in the field of policy regulation in the direction of employment and unemployment mostly act as efficiency indicators of the state's social policy as well. Implementation of various projects, representation of people from relevant classes in those projects and other necessary issues carry the strategic essence of employment-oriented social policy. The paper clarifies various issues regarding employment and unemployment in the Republic of Azerbaijan and deals with the state regulation in this direction. In the study, the approach to both problems on the current national economic priorities is more concrete and systematic. The creation of industrial parks and districts in different regions of the country will have a positive effect on the reduction of unemployment and, in parallel, on the preservation of the increasing dynamics of employment indicators. If we take into account the prospects of the territories freed from occupation in recent years, we can say that substantial results will be achieved based on the reforms and strategies carried out in the future. As it is known, state programs for the development of regions are adopted continuously and gradually in Azerbaijan. The implementation of these programs in stages will allow the establishment of production enterprises and the creation of new jobs. This, in turn, will lead to a decrease in the level of unemployment and further increase in employment opportunities.

Investigation on Kinds of Infrastructure Available for Projects Implementation in Public Secondary Schools

The study was concerned with investigating the kinds of infrastructure available for projects implementation in public secondary schools in the West ‘A’ District of Zanzibar. The study employed descriptive survey research design. The target population comprised teachers and heads of schools. Sample size for this study was 255 respondents. Structured questionnaires and semi- structured interviews were used for data collection. Collected quantitative data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviations) while qualitative data were analyzed on data deduction technique. The study reveals significant variability in the availability of infrastructure necessary for project implementation in public secondary schools. While some schools have essential resources like computer labs and garden areas, many lack crucial facilities such as sports areas and technological support. The absence of established project timelines highlights a need for better project management practices. It is recommended that the district prioritize the equitable distribution of essential facilities, such as sports areas and technological support, across all public secondary schools. Additionally, implementing structured project management practices, including established timelines and regular progress assessments, will enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of infrastructure development and maintenance.

Public Private Partnership and Financial Implication to Government: A Case Study from Malaysia

The implementation of infrastructure projects through the Public Private Partnership (PPP) that involve investments from the private sector has greatly benefited the country. Apart from being an alternative to conventional public infrastructure projects, PPP is also said to be a more efficient method as the risk of project implementation is transferred to the private partner. Even with these advantages, it cannot escape criticism, especially the implementation of PPP projects which involve financial implications to the government. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the Malaysian government's experience in the implementation of PPP projects especially regarding its financial implication issue and how the Malaysian government addresses the issue. A total of 29 officers from several government agencies were interviewed. The interview transcripts were analyzed using ATLAS. Ti application. Apart from contributing a theory regarding PPP, the results of this study have provided new knowledge on PPP, especially Malaysia's experience in dealing with financial commitment issues arising from the implementation of PPP projects. Although the context of development in other countries may differ, this Malaysian experience can be used as an example for PPP practitioners in planning PPP projects elsewhere.

Feasibility Study of an Integrated Waste Management Technology System for a Circular Economy in the Philippines

Increasing population and rapid economic growth result in waste management problems in the Municipality of Bay, Laguna. In response, the municipality is planning to invest in an Integrated Waste Management Technology System (IWMTS) that aims to generate public revenue. Key informant interviews, surveys, and focus group discussions were utilized for data collection. Results showed that respondents lack knowledge about IWMTS but perceive positive impacts on waste volume reduction and municipal waste management and little to no negative impacts on health, livelihood, and accessibility. Meanwhile, economic analysis showed that it is estimated to generate an annual revenue of PHP 11.986 million (USD 214,036) with yearly expenses of PHP 3.7 million (USD 66,071). These cash flows are expected to recover the overall capital outlay of PHP 48.14 million (USD 859,642). A net present value (NPV) of PHP 3.164 million (USD 56,500) and a 5.77-year payback period (PBP) were calculated through cost-benefit analysis. The environmental analysis revealed positive impacts on reducing the volume of wastes, water resources, and quality, odor and air quality, and soil and nutrients. Considering these, the study provided recommendations on project implementation to achieve sustainable waste management and circular economy in the municipality.