Project Budget Research Articles

Hazard Identification Risk Assessment and Risk Control (HIRARC) for Mengkuang Dam Construction

The construction industry is a main contributor to Malaysia's economy and yet some construction projects are considered being extremely unsafe, unhealthy, and exposing to a lot of hazards and risks to worksites. Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment and Risk Control (HIRARC) is a process commonly used to determine and evaluate both existing and potential hazards on a worksite and an effective control action plan used to reduce the identified hazards. HIRARC risk management is a fundamental to the business operation, planning and management. This study investigates the implementation of the HIRARC Risk Management Plan and Risk Registered Matrix for the construction project of the Mengkuang Dam in Malaysia, which involved the scopes of raising and extension of the existing dam. Construction of the dam upgrading and expansion was subjected to severe risks factors such as potential impact to the existing dam, project schedule delay, exceeding the project budget and contractual dispute. The Risk Register Matrix based on HIRARC was initiated for this project and was also implemented during the construction of the dam. The risk management plan framework and process involved in the risk identification, risk assessment, risk control, and mitigating measures are discussed for further assessments of risk control and action plans. The findings have shown that the construction project risk in term of the relative risks can be reduced by implementing an effective control action plan to mitigate the risks significantly. The HIRARC risk management that applied in this study can also be adopted in other dam construction projects to provide an effective safety management system and reduce the project relative hazard risks.

Albania: Technical Assistance Report-Medium-Term Revenue Strategy: Revenue Administration Reform Options

Albania is formulating a Medium-Term Revenue Strategy (MTRS) with IMF support. The decision to commit to the development of an MTRS was taken against the background of revenue persistently falling short of budget projections, revenue continuing to lag behind regional peers in tax to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) ratios and the Government’s assessment that an increase of revenue of 2.2 – 3.0 percent of GDP will be required to finance its additional spending needs over the next five years.

Review of Literature on Political Risks to the Operations of Large Oil & Gas Companies and Their Mitigation in Yemen

The intention behind this study is to select the most prominent from the political risks for the industry in Yemen and describe the best practices to mitigate them, identify strategic risk and risk management strategies involved in oil and gas industry operations & analyse the effectiveness of oil and gas company's risk response strategies in promoting political stability in its areas of business. The methodology behind identifying the risks and assessing them is the following Risk management according probability impact matrix in analyzing risk factors. A total of 61 factors that might cause risks in oil and gas construction projects were defined through a detailed literature review. Risk factors identified were bureaucratic government system and lengthy project approval procedure; poor design; incompetence of project team; inadequate tendering; late internal approval process from the owner; inadequate project organization structure; improper project feasibility study; inefficient and poor performance of constructors; improper project planning and budgeting; and design changes among others.

Penguatan Pengelolaan Proyek dengan Aplikasi Project Management Dashboard pada PT.Global Comtech Sejahtera Medan

PT. Global Comtech Sejahtera Medan, a company that specializes in civil, mechanical, and electrical engineering (CME), is a Community Service Program (PkM) partner. The company's issue is that project planning, budgeting, and progress are not documented, making decision-making difficult. As a result of these constraints, the Project Management Dashboard (SIMPRO) program must be used to strengthen project management. Beginning with identifying and analyzing problems, determining requirements, designing applications, developing applications, integrating, testing, and mentoring. SIMPRO was developed with reference to the stages in the Software Development Method that were modified with the goal of making it more flexible and easier to achieve the goals that had been set. SIMPRO can keep track of project operations, RAB planning, payments, project costs, petty cash, project status, and reporting. A online dashboard and a mobile application are both included into the program. Project Control (PC) uses the mobile application to report project status in the field, ensuring that the working relationship between PC and Project Manager (PM) runs smoothly and that managed projects are completed on time

신속시범획득 대상사업 선정기준에 관한 연구

The Defense Acquisition Program Administration has been implementing the Rapid Demonstration Acquisition Project(RDAP) since 2020 to quickly introduce private products with new technologies to the military through the military's pilot operation. Considering the recent increase of the project budget and the number of participating companies and the characteristics of the RDAP that requirement decision of the military force is made after the project is complete, selection of appropriate projects has become more important for effective system operation and preventing budget waste. However, it is expected that the selection of appropriate projects will be difficult as the detailed military applicability judgment criteria for project selection have not yet been established. In this paper, in order to link the requirement decisions of the military force and the result of the RDAP projects, we identify and review major factors such as military necessity, ROC, operational effects, redundancy with long-term and mid-term requirement decision, difference in acquisition time between RDAP and existing requirement decision, availability of test organizations to be considered focusing on military applicability when selecting projects for the RDAP. In addition, we propose criteria for judgment that can be practically applied to the selection of appropriate projects and matters necessary for improvement of the system such as reinforcement of professional manpower, test operation of subordinate units, implementing briefing sessions on weapons systems for private companies as a policy suggestion. We hope that these proposals will be used to establish reasonable and specific standards for selecting appropriate projects for the RDAP and develop a system of RDAP.

Reusing Timber Formwork in Building Construction: Testing, Redesign, and Socio-Economic Reflection

In 2018, the construction sector was responsible for 39% of the worldwide energy and process-related carbon dioxide emissions (Global Alliance for Buildings and Construction et al., 2019). This is partly due to the embodied carbon, which represents the carbon emissions related to building construction and material production (LETI, 2020). While zero energy buildings and zero energy renovations start to get the operational carbon down, the circular economy aims to do this by closing material loops and stimulating the reuse of discarded materials in building construction (Ellen McArthur Foundation et al., 2015). Although it is not a new phenomenon, material reuse does require a substantially different approach and is at this point not yet common in the building industry. This is especially true for load-bearing components. This article presents a pilot project for the reuse of discarded timber formwork for the construction of the façade and (load-bearing) substructure of a new house. Through this pilot case and by reflecting on a series of similar cases, it studies the remaining challenges for material reuse but also proposes and assesses redesign strategies that will allow upscaling the reuse of timber formwork. The project shows that although waste, material, and money can be saved by using reclaimed materials, it does complicate the design and construction process and, as such, does not necessarily reduce the total project budget. Moreover, for reuse to become a current practice, new design approaches and collaborations will need to be established. Finally, socio-economic factors must be considered to increase the acceptance of reclaimed materials in new building construction.

The South African government’s COVID-19 response: protecting lives and livelihoods

This chapter brings together aspects of the impact of COVID-19 on lives and livelihoods in South Africa. As at 15 August 2021, the epidemic is reported to have led to 77 141 deaths and been associated with 229 850 excess deaths. At the same time, the national economy has been severely affected with Gross Domestic Product decline of 7% in 2020/21, job losses exceeding 2 million, and sharp reductions in national revenue. The chapter takes a case study approach to provide an overview of the Government’s budgetary support to the health and income protection responses as well as the modelling that informed these. It also reviews some of the carry-through implications of the economic down-turn on public finances, including health budgets. The authors draw primarily on their experiences and subsequent reflection, with particular focus on the period 1 March 2021 to 28 February 2022. The budget provision for the health response to COVID-19 exceeded R20 billion, which was achieved through additional allocations and reprioritisation. Income protection measures exceeded R100 billion. However, suboptimal attention was given to how prolonged lockdowns would affect businesses, jobs, livelihoods and the economy over the medium and long term, with job losses initially exceeding 2.2 million and 1.4 million by the first quarter of 2021. As these effects fed through to public finances, growth and tax revenue declined substantially, resulting in reductions in virtually all government budgets. Over the 2021 Medium-term Expenditure Framework period, the economic effects of the epidemic and stringent lockdown measures have resulted in the reduction of provincial health budget projections by as much as R76 billion. The chapter emphasises the need to consider both lives and livelihoods in pandemic decision-making, ideally bringing together various dimensions of epidemiological and economic modelling in a multi-criteria decision framework.

Evaluation of the effectiveness of budget funds allocated to support initiative budgeting projects

Evaluation of the effectiveness of budget funds allocated to support initiative budgeting projects

Analysis on the Role of Construction Project Budget in Engineering Cost Control of Construction Enterprises

Analysis on the Role of Construction Project Budget in Engineering Cost Control of Construction Enterprises

Time and Cost Management in the Construction of Large Energy Facilities

The article deals with the problems of time and cost management in the construction of large energy facilities. The practical value of standards in the field of time and cost management in the construction of large energy facilities is often questioned by specialists in various fields of project activity. Practitioners at lower and intermediate levels often complain about the lack of clear and effective tools for solving specific problems in project management practice. However, the skillful application of standards can not only increase the likelihood of success for a wide range of diverse projects of large energy facilities with obtaining expected business values "at the output" of the project. The purpose of this study was to study the features of management terms and cost in the construction of large energy facilities. The objectives of the study included establishing links between the methods recommended by the project management body of knowledge (PMBoK) guidelines for determining the project budget and the methods used in practice for determining the cost of construction projects for large energy facilities, formalized in the current regulatory documents and state building codes of Russia. For this (according to the PMBoK standard), the basic methodological foundations of the project cost management process, its components and characteristic features were determined. The main stages of the life cycle of construction projects of large energy facilities, in which the cost of design work is assessed, are determined, the goals of such an assessment and the project participants who carry it out are determined. As a result, a complete methodological identity was established between the methods for assessing the project cost of large energy facilities recommended by the PMBoK standard and the methods for determining the cost of construction specified in the current regulatory documents in the construction industry in Russia.

PENGARUH PANDEMI COVID-19 TERHADAP RISIKO PEKERJAAN KONSTRUKSI DI KOTA PADANG

<p><em>The Province of West Sumatra, especially the City of Padang, before the COVID-19 pandemic was actively building housing that really helped the community in the availability of decent housing. The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a decline in the number of construction projects across the country, including housing developments. So in this study, we want to know about the influence of COVID-19 on the risk of work carried out in the construction world in the city of Padang, especially in housing construction. The results of the study contained 8 risk factors for delays (material factors); labor factors (labors); equipment factors (equipment); financial factors (financing); environmental/situation factors (environment); regional restriction factors (PSBB/PPKM); Site characteristics, managerial factors and 57 risk variables for housing construction during the COVID-19 pandemic that affected work delays, found the 10 highest risks. Strategies that can be applied to the implementation of Housing Construction Projects during the pandemic and post-pandemic, are adjusted to the main factors that are formed. For the first Main component, the solutions that can be applied include: 1) Controlling the Project cash flow effectively and efficiently; 2) Application of the method of analysis of the value of the results (earn value method) to control the project budget and time; 3) Prepare project unexpected budgets; 4) Apply strict health protocols to ongoing projects</em><em></em></p>

MedMinas project: design and use of mixed methods in the evaluation of pharmaceutical services in primary health care in Minas Gerais, Brazil

BackgroundThe main purposes of primary care-based pharmaceutical services (PHCPS) in Brazil are to provide free access to medicines and pharmaceutical care to patients. Several obstacles hinder achieving their goals; thus, MedMinas Project aimed to evaluate the PHCPS, the supply system, and the use of medicines. This paper reflects on our experience designing, planning, and conducting the project, describing the issues yielded in the field and lessons learned.MethodsThis work consists of a mixed-methods study conducted in Minas Gerais, Southeastern Brazil. We adopted the principles of Rapid Evaluation Methods, employing a multistage stratified sampling for the quantitative and a purposeful sampling for the qualitative components, respectively, and a documentary research. Data sources included individuals (patients and professionals), prescriptions, dispensed medicines, and policy documents collected between April and October 2019. The quantitative data described in this paper were analysed by descriptive statistics and the qualitative by Thematic Content Analysis.ResultsA total of 26 municipalities varying from 37,784 to 409,341 inhabitants were included. The field team spent, on average, 16 days in each location. We interviewed 1019 respondents, of which 127 were professionals and 892 patients. The participation rate varied from 92 to 100%, depending on the respondent subgroup. Most interviews lasted between 45 min and one hour. Fieldwork challenges included participants’ enrolment, field team, interview processes, and project budget. The participants provided positive feedback and five main themes emerged from the interview experience (self-awareness, sense of gratitude, research value, access to findings, and benefits of the research). Additionally, we collected copies of 1072 documents and 2070 pieces of data from prescriptions filled and medicines dispensed at the PCP.ConclusionWe demonstrated the viability of conducting the MedMinas Project in an extensive geographic area within effective time frames that provided meaningful, high-quality data from multiple actors. The methods and lessons learned are valuable for researchers across various disciplines in similar urban settings in Brazil and other countries of low- and middle-income (LMIC).

Value Engineering Role in Construction Sustainability During COVID-19 Pandemic in KSA

Objectives: The study aims to evaluate COVID-19 pandemic implications on the construction sector in the Eastern region of KSA and identify how Value Engineering strategies mitigate those implications. Methods: A survey questionnaire was distributed among the Eastern region’s construction organizations. The samples of the study were selected randomly. The items’ consistency and stability in each grouped category of the questionnaire were checked using Cronbach’s Alpha value. Statistical analysis was performed using MS Excel, and the Relative Importance Index was calculated to determine the pandemic implication size on the elements of the construction projects. Findings: The survey’s integrated results revealed that the COVID-19 pandemic negatively affected laborer productivity (ranked from the most affected element to the least affected element depending on the element’s RII value), project schedule, project budget. The least affected element is the project scope respectively. The pandemic consequences were more harmful to the contractors than to the consultants, primarily due to the different nature of their work. The implications of the civil roaming ban on construction organizations were more extensive than the flight ban. 84% of the participants agreed that Value Engineering has an essential role in the construction sector’s sustainability during the pandemic. The study findings agreed with the previous studies done in other countries. Since the study was conducted immediately after the Saudi government imposed civil roaming and the flight ban, its results were distinguished by exclusivity. Novelty: The COVID-19 pandemic implication size on the construction industry in the Eastern region of KSA was utilized in providing a statistical equation based on the induction of the participants’ responses. Keywords: Value Engineering (VE); COVID19 Pandemic; Construction Projects; Financial Losses; Sustainability

ANALISIS PENYIMPANGAN ANGGARAN PROYEK MENGGUNAKAN PERT DAN CPM (STUDI KASUS PADA PT ARION INTAN JAYA)

This study aims to analyze the causes of deviations in the project budget of Rp. 103,249,432.15 and the delay of time for 2 weeks in the clean water pipe installation project in Aek Najaji Village, Padang Sidempuan Batunadua District. This research was conducted at PT Arion Intan Jaya for the period March-July 2019. The data analysis technique used was descriptive analysis technique using Planning, Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) and Critical Path Method (CPM). The results showed that the high budget deviations and project time delays occurred due to rocky soil excavation activities, HDPE pipe installation and pipe stockpiling carried out per kilometer, from KM-1 to KM 6.5. The sequence of activities that are not suitable, causes a waste of time and variable labor costs as well as fixed costs. The total budget allocated for manpower is Rp. 456,435,000.00 for an implementation period of 150 days and the total realized labor cost is Rp. 522,745,000.00 with a project completion time of 164 days. If a review of critical activities is carried out using PERT and CPM, the project completion time changes to 96 days with a total cost of Rp. 413,760,000.00. So there is a decrease in the budget of Rp. 42,675,000.00.

Problems Experienced by Science and Art Center Teachers in the Project Consultancy Process and Suggestions for Solutions: A Phenomenological Research

In this research, the problems experienced by the teachers in Science and Art Centers (BILSEM) during their consultancy processes of projects and the suggestions for these problems were examined. 15 teachers working in Nuray Tuncay Kara and Şahinbey Municipality BILSEMs Gaziantep Province participated in this study, which was designed in the qualitative research method and case study pattern. Criterion sampling, maximum variation sampling and easily accessible sampling were used together to determine the participants of the study. The research data were gathered with a semi-structured interview form prepared by the research group and the gathered data were analyzed through content analysis and descriptive analysis. According to the results of the research, a significant part of the participants stated that the project consultancy process provides maximum job satisfaction, that financial and cooperation problems are experienced mostly in the process in which colleague support is important in solving the problems, that a budget for projects should be planned. The findings of the research were discussed regarding the relevant literature and some suggestions were made based on the research results.In this research, the problems experienced by the teachers in Science and Art Centers (BILSEM) during their consultancy processes of projects and the suggestions for these problems were examined. 15 teachers working in Nuray Tuncay Kara and Şahinbey Municipality BILSEMs Gaziantep Province participated in this study, which was designed in the qualitative research method and case study pattern. Criterion sampling, maximum variation sampling and easily accessible sampling were used together to determine the participants of the study. The research data were gathered with a semi-structured interview form prepared by the research group and the gathered data were analyzed through content analysis and descriptive analysis. According to the results of the research, a significant part of the participants stated that the project consultancy process provides maximum job satisfaction, that financial and cooperation problems are experienced mostly in the process in which colleague support is important in solving the problems, that a budget for projects should be planned. The findings of the research were discussed regarding the relevant literature and some suggestions were made based on the research results.

Measures for the Construction Cost Budget and Settlement Audit

With the deep and sustainable development of the market economy, the competitive environment and development pattern faced by China’s construction industry are becoming more and more severe. In this context, construction projects should actively incorporate the development trends of the market economy and focus on analyzing relevant influencing factors and risk content. Considering previous experience, the audit effect of construction project budget and settlement has a major impact on the quality and economic benefit of construction projects to a certain extent. In view of this, this paper mainly focuses on the content and method of the construction cost budget and settlement audit as well as suggests measures for the construction cost budget and settlement audit, so as to improve the construction cost management level.

PENERAPAN SISTEM AKUNTANSI RENCANA ANGGARAN BIAYA PROYEK PADA PT. DUTA INSTRUMENT ALFA SAKTI

This writing aims to understand the implementation of the budget plan system carried out on a company's project. This study will prove the functioning of the accounting system in the project cost budget plan within a company, how to minimize expenses and the income obtained can be used efficiently. So that the accounting information for the project budget plan can be a reference for company management in making decisions. This information is used by the company and has an important role in achieving the success of a company in the future.

Foundation Center webinar covers basics of project budgets

Foundation Center webinar covers basics of project budgets

Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Demand, Output, and Outcomes of Construction Projects in Singapore

This study investigated the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on Singapore’s construction industry in terms of construction demand, output, prices and project performance. A three-pronged research approach was adopted: a survey, analyzing published statistical data, and conducting in-depth interviews with subject matter experts. The survey revealed that projects suffered significant delays and cost overruns and lower quality. It was found that construction demand and output decreased by 27.9% and 28.6%, respectively. Some project owners postponed awarding contracts or calling tenders because prices exceeded their budgets. While waiting for bid prices to decrease, they re-evaluated the feasibility, scope, design, budget, and timeline of their projects. Contraction of construction output was found to be due to a severe shortage of labor and to lower productivity as a consequence of complying with many safe management measures. The results of autoregressive time-series modeling predicted that tender prices will continue to rise in the short term before decreasing after mid-2022. Although manual labor may be replaced by productive technologies if technology is cheaper than labor, this was not found to be the case. The originality of this research is that it empirically quantified project outcomes due to the pandemic and predicted tender price indexes for the next 5 years. These predicted indexes are useful for estimating the risk and markup to be added to the base construction cost. The value of this research is that it informs policy makers that regulations need to be enacted to compel the adoption of productive technologies to reduce reliance on labor. Otherwise, the worker shortage problems faced in this pandemic may continue to surface in future pandemics. The implication of adopting productive technologies is that project owners must increase the project budget because these technologies cost more than manual labor. However, the cost might be passed to end users, who will end up paying more.

Assessment of compliance to planned cost and time for implemented municipal roads projects in Palestine

The adherence to planned budget and time schedule of engineering construction projects is an important indicator for the successful project planning and implementation. Most of the Palestinian governmental and municipal organizations face technical and financial challenges during the planning, bidding, and execution phases of their projects. The paper investigates and assesses the cost changes and delays for a sample of forty-six municipal road projects that were executed as part of the Municipal Development Program, financed through a multi-donor fund, administered by the Municipal Development and Lending Fund, and followed up by local consultants. It supports small- to medium-sized municipal projects, mainly roads, and has restrictions on budget and time changes. The findings indicate that there are limited cost deviations with an average of about 5% and that about 8% of the projects suffered from unjustified delays. The paper analyzes the reasons behind the noticed cost and/or time deviations, which include the underestimation of the project budget, delay by the contractors, lack of deterrent measures, and addition of new items or making changes in the scope of the project that result in variation orders. Recommended actions are identified, which are expected to contribute to reducing the consequences of the indicated challenges.