Prohibition Of Abortion Research Articles

The current panorama of the legislation on the legal interruption of pregnancy in Mexico

The interruption of pregnancy is a topic of great controversy in various areas. In Mexico, most criminal legislation defines abortion as the death of the product of conception at any time during pregnancy. With the evolution in the recognition and defense of human rights, it has currently been considered that the prohibition of abortion affects the exercise of reproductive freedom and access to health services, since it forces women to a procreation and are prevented from accessing safe abortion. Thus, approximately a third of local laws have modified the crime of abortion to define it as the interruption of pregnancy after the twelfth week of gestation; With this, a trend has begun towards not prohibiting this procedure during the first twelve weeks of pregnancy. However, it is not without ethical and legal implications, since health personnel may also object to participating for reasons of conscientious objection.

The contribution of anti-abortion law on maternal mortality: A case study in Nigeria

Background: Abortion in Nigeria has been controversial, and both the proponents (protagonists) and opponents (antagonists) have good arguments. Proponents of the abortion prohibition law of Nigeria (the pro-life group) argue that human life is sacred and the right to life is basic; hence, on no account should one be deprived of that fundamental human right, not even the fetus in-utero. Objectives: This review aims to discuss the concepts of abortion and maternal mortality, analyze the Nigerian abortion laws, discuss issues and controversies with abortion in Nigeria as it relates to maternal mortality and morbidity; and discuss the contributions of this Law on maternal mortality and morbidity in Nigeria. Method: The relevant materials for this article were obtained from search engines such as PubMed and Google Scholar respectively. Conclusion: Reviewed literature reveals that many of the contributory factors to maternal mortality could be avoided if preventive measures were taken and adequate care was available. In view of this, efforts should be made by governments and policy makers towards the provision of safe, available and effective abortion care to Nigerian women at all levels of health care, most especially at the grass-root level, primary health care. The study also revealed a poor level of awareness of the Nigerian Abortion Law among women. It is therefore necessary to ensure the wide dissemination of the abortion law and its provisions to the Nigerian public in order to arm them with the necessary information to participate actively in campaigns on abortion law reforms.

Abortion restrictions and unlimited government in the United States today

AbstractThe controversy over a woman's “right to choose,” as opposed to the numerous “rights” that abortion opponents decide should be assumed to exist for “unborn children,” has always struck me as incomplete. Two missing elements of the argument seem obvious, yet they remain almost completely overlooked. The first is that there is virtually no consideration whatsoever for the pregnant person herself. Her rights, if she is even assumed to have any at all, do not in any way enter into consideration, unless possibly if the pregnancy appears to threaten her life (to be sure, some more humane anti‐abortionists do concede, often grudgingly, that no one should have to carry to term a pregnancy caused by rape, but the point remains). Second, and most paradoxically, opponents of abortion appear also generally to be opposed to “big government,” yet all the while they refuse to recognize any rights at all that belong to the person who is pregnant and to be comfortable with complete control over her. The opponents seem oblivious to the clear fact that stripping pregnant adults of all ability to determine their future requires an enormously powerful, virtually totalitarian government. So, I argue that it is not correct that the United States has had a tradition of abortion prohibition while simultaneously being a “free country.” The association of anti‐abortion policies with right‐wing authoritarianism is definite. Whether there is a cause‐and‐effect relationship is irrelevant. All repressive and dictatorial policies need to be opposed. The Republican Party now continues its merry way to suppress votes, subvert democracy, and attempt to ensure that women are stripped of their autonomy and serve only as incubators for the preservation of the human race and for male pleasure. I conclude that looking at abortion from the viewpoint of informed common sense is long overdue. This article provides that overdue look, along with my apology for not having given the warning sooner.

(513) Search Trends Signal Increased Vasectomy Interest in States with Sparsity of Urologists After Overrule of Roe vs. Wade

Abstract Introduction The Supreme Court of the United States’ (SCOTUS) decision to overrule Roe vs. Wade has rendered abortion illegal across a multitude of states. This decision, which directly impacts the management of women’s reproductive health, may also impact urologic practice. Objective Over the last decade, the number of vasectomies performed in the United States has steadily declined across all age groups. With the anticipated lack of reliable access to medical contraception and abortions, we may see a sudden reversal of this trend. Herein, we aim to provide a trend forecast using Google search trends as a surrogate for public interest in vasectomy. Methods To establish a baseline and quantify changes in search trends, Google search trends (https://trends.google.com/trends/?geo=US) data from three months prior to and three days after the SCOTUS decision (03/25/2022 – 06/29/2022) were queried for “Vasectomy.” Search trend results are reported using Google’s relative search volume (RSV) metric, which normalizes the data to the time and location of a query. RSV ranges from 0 – 100 and is stratified by state. For each state, we calculated the ratio of licensed Urologists to adult men (ages 18+) using data from the American Urological Association 2021 census and the United States 2020 census. Lastly, we referenced The New York Times to sort states based on legal status of abortion2. States were categorized as either Prohibited (abortion banned or expected to be), Restricted (gestational limit in effect or expected to be), Uncertain (decision based on 2022 ballot), or Legal. Spearman’s correlation was conducted to assess the relationship between RSV and Urologist ratio. ANOVA was used to calculate differences between legal status categories. All analyses were conducted using SPSS Version 27 and statistical significance was set at P-value < 0.05. Results We found that RSV was highest in states with the lowest ratio of urologists to adult men (R = -0.36, P=0.017; Table 1). Figure 1 represents the inverse relationship between RSV and urologist-to-adult-men ratio. Following the SCOTUS’ decision, interest in vasectomies was greatest in Oklahoma (RSV = 100), Utah (96), and Idaho (92) and lowest in New York (45), Delaware (47), and New Jersey (50). The ratio of Urologist-to-adult-men (per 100,000) was highest in New York (14.73), Massachusetts (14.20), and New Hampshire (13.52), and lowest in Nevada (7.01), New Mexico (7.33), and Idaho (7.82). ANOVA analysis revealed a significant difference in mean RSV based on legal status of abortion. The difference was greatest between Prohibited states and Legal states (mean RSV 78.5 vs. 64.2, P<0.001). Conclusions The field of Urology continues to face a shortage of physicians in the US. This shortage is most palpable in states where recent public interest for vasectomies is highest (and abortion is currently prohibited). The amalgam of high public interest in vasectomies, low urologist-to-adult-male ratio, and abortion prohibition is anticipated to put a strain on the urologic workforce and subsequently increase patient wait times; particularly in areas where the density of Urologists is lowest. Disclosure No

Conscientious objection as structural violence in the voluntary termination of pregnancy in Chile.

After three decades of the absolute prohibition of abortion, Chile enacted Law 21,030, which decriminalizes voluntary pregnancy termination when the person is at vital risk, when the embryo or fetus suffers from a congenital or genetic lethal pathology, and in pregnancy due to rape. The law incorporates conscientious objection as a broad right at the individual and institutional levels. The aim of the study was to explore the exercise of conscientious objection in public health institutions, describing and analyzing its consequences and proposals to prevent it from operating as structural violence. This study uses a qualitative, post-positivist design. At the national level, according to the chain technique, people who were identified as key actors due to their direct participation in implementing the law were included. Grounded theory was used to analyze the information obtained through a semi-structured interview. The methodological rigor criteria of transferability or applicability, dependability, credibility, auditability, and theoretical-methodological adequacy were met. Data from 17 physicians, 5 midwives, 6 psychologists, 8 social workers, 2 nursing technicians, and 1 lawyer are included. From an inductive process through open coding, conscientious objection as structural violence and strategies to minimize the impact of objection emerge as meta-categories. The first meta-category emerges from the barriers linked to the implementation of the law, the infringement of the rights of the pregnant person, and pseudo conscientious objection, affecting timely and effective access to pregnancy termination. The second meta-category emerges as a response from the participants, proposing strategies to prevent conscientious objection from operating as structural violence. Conscientious objection acts as structural violence by infringing the exercise of sexual and reproductive rights. The State must fulfill its role as guarantor in implementing public policies, preventing conscientious objection from becoming hegemonic and institutionalized violence.

Abortion Policy in Nigeria: A Challenging National Health Concern

Introduction: Unsafe abortion cases resulting from the prohibition of abortion in Nigeria continue to be growing exponentially. Abortion cases and their related complications are a public health concern. Over one million abortions are estimated to be carried out annually in Nigeria with related morbidity, mortality, and complications under the country's restrictive abortion policy. However, the law remains static and fails to approach the current realities as abortion-related offences still carry 14 years of jail terms. This has forced people to seek abortion clandestinely through unsafe hands. Nigeria has two different abortion laws. The northern part of the country is ruled by the Penal Code 18 of 1959, while the southern part is governed by the Criminal Code of 1916. Both Codes strictly prohibit abortion. Purpose:This paper aims to examine abortion law in Nigeria, its effect on women, especially women of reproductive age, and make pertinent recommendations that can improve the current situation. Conclusion: Relaxing the very restrictive abortion law will encourage safe abortion practices by fostering easy access to quality post-abortion-related care. This will reduce complications leading to morbidities and mortalities. Recommendation: A repeal and re-enactment of the existing abortion law should be done. The new law should consider pregnant women's mental or emotional health, especially women who are victims of incest or rape. Such women should be allowed to have access to abortion. The law should also be devoid of third-party authorizations for minors and married women. In other words, the new law should exclude discrimination on the grounds of age and marriage.

Единый вектор социальной направленности христианства и ислама

The relevance of the exploration is related to the study of a single vector of the social orientation of Christianity and Islam. On the example of the Holy Scriptures of the Bible and the Quran, the Catechism, the main collections of traditions from Muhammad, collected by al-Bukhari, Muslim, Abu Daud and others, the social concept of the Russian Orthodox Church, the social doctrine of Muslims, as well as historical practice, the closeness of both religions in relation to a person and society. This is also manifested in the commandments of Christianity, with the exception of the doctrinal aspect, since the concept of God in Christianity and Islam is different from each other and not identical. Identity is observed in those qualities, some of which a true believer should have: love for the transmitter of revelation, love for neighbor, love for enemies, humility, patience, righteousness, purity of heart, mercy, repentance, trust in the Lord, preservation of the world, etc. There is a similarity in those qualities that a believer must eradicate in himself: breaking an oath, lying, anger, arrogance, a passion for accumulation, etc. The identity of traditional values in Christianity and Islam is considered: the institution of traditional marriage, the equality of men and women, the dignity of motherhood, the attitude to children, the prohibition of abortion and homosexuality, the attitude to slavery, which was at the time of the emergence of Islam and the existence of Christianity, is separately mentioned. The conclusions emphasize that feelings of love and compassion, understanding of man as the crown of creation, spiritual and moral development and gaining transcendental experience are common to Christianity and Islam. This exploration will allow us to better study the Russian model of interfaith relations in building a constructive dialogue in the socio-cultural sphere and, if necessary, use it in countering the challenges of our time. It should be taken into account that the Abrahamic religions are characterized by the concept of religious exclusivity, which practically excludes tolerance in matters of dogma and worship, as well as recognition of other religions as equal to them, while this allows you to save the religions themselves from distortion.

Россия в преддверии участия в войне идентистов против антиидентистов

The article analyzes the role of Russia in the framework of the current opposition of traditionalists to Western anti-identity influence. In this context, anti-identity is the main characteristic of the modern “new liberalism”, or liberal democracy. It is emphasized that the “new liberalism” has little to do with traditional European liberalism, it has completely different roots, which go also into the Russian soil. The authors see the origins of the “new liberalism” in Marxism, on the basis of which the ideology of overcoming identity was born in the second half of the 20th century. The dictatorship of minorities and a specific form of ostracism – Cancel culture – have become a tool for combating identity as the need to realize one’s connection with any community and its values. In contrast to Western countries, radical forms of anti-identity in Russia were already embodied by the Bolsheviks after the 1917 revolution in the field of gender policy, sexual morality and the national question. The rollback of Soviet policy from Bolshevik maximalism did not lead to a complete return to traditional values, which especially affected family values. From the point of view of the Central and Eastern European traditionalists (Poland, Hungary), whom the leaders of the European Union consider authoritarians, Russia is a defender of traditional values, but there were no statements that the Russian government embodies “true European values” and the ideals of “real” democracy. For many conservative politicians in Western Europe and the USA (Protestants and Catholics, Muslims), although Russia is important as a country that opposes anti-identity, its role is largely symbolic, since in Russia there are no influential political and significant public circles that consistently defend, for example, biblical values, like in the United States (prohibition of abortion, in addition to rejecting same-sex marriage, a high degree of religiosity and protection of the interests of their church, following biblical norms in life).

Typology of Polish Parliamentary Parties According to the Religious Criterion (2001–2021)

The present article provides an original typology of Polish parliamentary parties according to the religious criterion, i.e., the attitude towards the Catholic Church and its postulates (prohibition of abortion, legalising IVF and civil partnerships). The analysis covers the parties which have had at least 10 seats in the Sejm since 2001. First, the parties were classified according to the program criterion (membership in party families), then their views in the axiological sphere were analysed, and finally, the party typology was determined. The following types of parties were distinguished: quasi-religious, referring only to Christian values, axiologically moderate, secular.

ПРАВОВЕ РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ ШТУЧНОГО ПЕРЕРИВАННЯ ВАГІТНОСТІ: МІЖНАРОДНИЙ ТА ВІТЧИЗНЯНИЙ ДОСВІД

The article analyzes the legislative acts of a number of countries, which contain norms aimed at protecting human life, even before its actual birth. Attention is drawn to the fact that similar provisions are enshrined in some international acts. As a consequence, such legislative provisions are interpreted differently by scholars, some of whom try to absolutize the right to life and on this basis justify the unconditional right to birth and thus consider the prohibition of abortion as infringing on an inalienable natural subjective right. It is noted that the overwhelming majority of scholars proceed from the fact that this approach unreasonably restricts the reproductive rights of women who, at their own discretion, have the right to decide on the birth of a child and therefore have the right to resort to induced abortion. It is pointed out that this problem is solved differently in the legislation of different countries of the world: some of them practically prohibit artificial termination of pregnancy, others allow such an operation only in exceptional cases. It is proved that the consequence of such prohibitions is the spread of so- called "criminal abortions", which threaten the life and health of a woman, and in some cases lead to her death. It is noted that the vast majority of countries enshrine in their legislation the right of a woman to artificial termination of pregnancy (right to abortion), based on the fact that it is her natural and inalienable right. This is how this issue is resolved in the legislation of Ukraine, which finds its expression in the provisions of the Constitution of Ukraine, the Civil and Criminal Codes, the "Fundamentals of Legislation of Ukraine on Health Care", resolutions of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine and orders of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine. In support of the position of those countries that legislatively enshrine the right of women to abortion, numerous decisions of the European Court of Human Rights are cited, which uphold the right of women to reproductive choice and emphasize that the right to abortion does not contradict the human right to life. It is concluded that reproductive rights do not contradict natural human rights and it is noted that the state should not prohibit artificial termination of pregnancy by law, but should take appropriate preventive measures in order to reduce the number of abortions.

The Ruling on Aborting the Fetus and Its Effect on Inheritance: A Comparative Study between the Four Sunni Schools, Indonesian Law and Malaysian Law

Abortion is an act of killing to life which is forbidden in Islam. Abortion gives rise to differences of view among past and contemporary scholars on its enabling and prohibition. So, this study is to examine the views of scholars and laws in Indonesia and Malaysia related to abortion and its impact on inheritance ownership. This situation affects the inheritance of property to the mother from the aborted baby. The method of this study is qualitative descriptive. The approach of this research method is descriptive of content through literature. Books, journals, newspaper clippings, and legal regulations are the premier references to this study. This study finds that there are similarities and differences between sharia law and the rules applied in Indonesia and Malaysia. In terms of similarities, Islamic law and the laws in Indonesia and Malaysia provide for the prohibition of abortion. But, in certain circumstances, the fetus can be aborted for certain reasons, such as harming the mother or for medical reasons. In addition, this study found differences in punishment for women who had an abortion for no valid reason. Therefore, this study reveals the harmonization of Islamic law with the laws conducted in Indonesia and Malaysia. So, this study recommends forming a better in-depth study of efforts to harmonize the larger Islamic law to the rules regulated in Muslim countries.

Memory and Fiction: Trauma in Contemporary Romanian Literature

The studies of memory (memory studies) have developed a connection to the concept of trauma (trauma studies) and its manifestations. The literary field became a proper medium of evocation and testimony of past traumatic events. Therefore, social manifestations, traumatic measures of political regimes have all been integrated into literary works as a manner of attesting both their physical and psychological implications. Talking about the traumatic events of the Holocaust, James E. Young views such literary works as “documentary narrative” or, more specific, literature of testimony. Literary (and artistic) works related to the Holocaust are also object of Marianne Hirsch’s studies. In her view, evoking and narrating traumatic events implies the usage of postmemory. Past could also be evoked, as Michel Foucault considers, through literature on the basis of counter-memory. Taking into consideration different manifestations of memory in literature, the present study aims to analyse some of the Romanian contemporary works tackling on the remembrance of the traumatic ideological intervention on the female body that the prohibition of abortions represented during the communist regime. Corporal and psychological traumas that the 770 Decree caused are related in Corina Sabău’s novel And the Crickets Were Heard and also in the testimonial collective volumes Comrades of journey. The Feminine Experience in Communism (edited by Radu Pavel Gheo and Dan Lungu) and Mihaela Miroiu’s (ed.) The Birth. Lived Stories. Thus, literary materialisations of memory would be observed, in order for the contemporary reader to understand the severe traumatic implications of an abusive ideological prohibition of abortion.

The abortion jurisprudence in Brazil: An analysis of ADPF 54 from feminist equality-based perspectives

Abstract Building on the feminist legal theory-driven analysis of equality-based approaches to voluntary abortion, this article offers a critical reading of the Brazilian Supreme Court decision on ADPF 54, the constitutional lawsuit that challenged the constitutionality of the application of the legislation that prohibits abortion in cases of fetal anencephaly. The article first presents the arguments and then offers feminist equality-based counterpoints that bring some vulnerabilities of the decision to the forefront. The article argues that, from the perspectives adopted, the arguments presented by the justices in ADPF 54 do not disrupt the logic that underlies the abortion prohibition norm and end up legitimizing it. Second, the principles used can be viewed skeptically. By missing inequality issues that permeate reproduction, the principles obscure power relations and as such, become potential tools for furthering inequalities. We conclude the article by delineating how, despite being cited only timidly as a precedent, ADPF 54 still resonates in other minor cases put before the Brazilian Supreme Court, imbuing them with the same set of problems. Having in mind the vulnerabilities of the arguments, the article makes a tentative normative assessment on how the use of a substantive equality principle as an analytical tool and guide for interpretation could mitigate the problems and offer responses with emancipatory potential.

Christianity and Abortion Rights

The struggle for abortion rights continues to rage in the 21st century. On one side feminists, who see it as part of the struggle to establish a woman’s right to control her own body, and a wider constituency, who deplore the injury and death resulting from the lack of access to safe abortions, have campaigned energetically for abortion rights. On the other side, various religious fundamentalists have put pressure on states to block any expansion of rights and even take away existing rights. Prominent among the anti-abortion forces are the Roman Catholic establishment and right-wing Evangelical sects. Unable to find any prohibition of abortion in the scriptures, they have relied on the prohibition of murder, arguing that a fertilised ovum constitutes a human life, and therefore its destruction constitutes murder. This extreme anti-abortion position too finds no support in the Bible: indeed, even the Catholic church adopted it only in the latter part of the 19th century, and among Evangelicals it is much more recent, suggesting that it is part of the right-wing fundamentalist backlash against struggles for women’s rights. Progressive Christians have been among those fighting for reproductive justice. Their arguments are compatible with the feminist position that having a baby should be a matter of choice, and that those who care for children should do so out of love, not compulsion. Thus reproductive justice is not only a matter of securing the right of women to make decisions about their bodies and their lives, but also a matter of securing the right of children to be loved and wanted.
 Keywords: abortion, feminism, Christianity, religious fundamentalism, women’s rights, children’s rights.

Tinjauan Hukum Islam terhadap Peraturan Pemerintah tentang Kebolehan Aborsi pada Kasus Kedaruratan Medis dan Perkosaan

Abortion is a prohibited act in both Islamic and positive law, but Article 75 of the Health Act provides exceptions for indications of medical emergencies and pregnancy as a result of rape which can cause psychological trauma to rape, then its application is regulated in Government Regulation No. 61 of 2014. This study aims to find out and understand the perspective of Islamic law regarding the abortion exception in Government Regulation No. 61 of 2014 with indications of medical emergencies and rape victims. The problems that the authors raise in this study are; First, what is the concept of abortion implementation referred to in Government Regulation No. 61 of 2014 in accordance with Islamic law ?. Second, how is the perspective of Islamic law on the concept of Government Regulation No. 61 of 2014 concerning exceptions to the prohibition of abortion with indications of medical emergencies and rape victims ?. To get answers to the above problems, the writer uses descriptive qualitative (non-statistical) research, which focuses on the study of texts and texts. And use the method of normative theological approach.The research results found are as follows; First the concept of legal abortion in PP No. 61 of 2014 is in accordance with the stipulation of emergency rules both in determining emergency cases and in avoiding interpretations arising from the abortion. Second, the concept of legal abortion in PP No. 61 of 2014 does not conflict with Islamic law.

الإجهاض فی میزان الماضی والحاضر عند الفقهاء والأطباء

يعد الإجهاض ظاهرة قديمة حديثة، وفي عملية ربط للمفکرين المسلمين اليوم، وللأطباء المسلمين اليوم، نجد أن الحکم الشرعي لم يتغير، ولکن حالات الإجهاض ما قبل 120 يوما ونفخ الروح في الجنين زادت وتعددت... فاحتيج إلى النظر من قبل الأطباء المسلمين المعاصرين الذين غلب عليهم منع الإجهاض. وقد زادت حالات الإجهاض ما بعد نفخ الروح، بسبب قلة الخوف من الله، وشيوع الفواحش، وعدم التوکل على الله، فلا يجوز تقليد الغرب التقليد الأعمى في فتح الباب على مصراعيه، وترک الحبل على الغارب، في عمليات الإجهاض. والنظر المقاصدي في الشريعة الإسلامية له ضروراته في حکم الإجهاض قبل 120 يوما، أما فيما بعد ذلک فهو حرام، لأن أمر تشوه الطفل، وموت الأم، في علم الغيب، وکم من مرة أخطأ الأطباء في تشخيصهم؛ ثم في اللجوء السريع إلى الإجهاض ترک التوکل على الله، والقناعة بما قسم الله. هذا ويوجد مسلک عند جمهور الحنفية ومن وافقهم من الشافعية في جواز إجهاض الحمل قبل نفخ الروح، وکذلک البعض من فقهاء المالکية، وکذلک البعض من فقهاء الحنابلة؛ لأن هذا هو الذي تقره القواعد الشرعية کـ: الضرورات تبيح المحظورات، والضرر يزال، وإذا تعارضت مفسدتان روعي أعظمهما بارتکاب أخفهما، ودرء المفاسد مقدم على جلب المصالح... وغيرها من القواعد الشرعية. والأطباء المعاصرون قسمان: قسم ذهب إلى الحرمة بعد 120 يوما ونفخ الروح، وقسم ذهب إلى حرمة الإسقاط حين دخول النطفة الرحم واستقرارها فيه. لکن من هو المخول بتحديد حکم تنفيذ الإجهاض في الحالات الخاصة قبل 120 يوما على الجنين؟ Abstract: Abortion is an old and recent phenomenon, and in the process of linking Muslim intellectuals, and Muslim doctors today, we find that the Islamic rule has not changed but abortion cases before the fetus reaches 120 days and before soul is blown in it have increased. Consequently, the present doctors who are against abortion need study the case. Abortion after inflating the soul have increased, due the lack of fear of God, the prevalence of obscenities, and the lack of relying on God. It is not permissible imitate the West blindly in opening the door wide, leaving the rope on the garb, in abortion operations. In consideration of Islamic law the wisdom of the judgment of abortion before 120 days from pregnancy has its necessities, but after 120 days it is prohibited; because the child's deformity, the mother's death, in the knowledge of the unseen, and how many times doctors misdiagnosed them. Then quick recourse abortion contradicts depending on Allah and conviction with God has sustained. Most of Hanafies and some Shafiies, Malikies and Hanbalies allowed abortion before 120 days of pregnancy ;because this is is recognized by the Islamic rules such as: Necessity permits prohibitions, what leads damage is be removed, if two spoilers are opposed, the greatest of are taken into account by committing the least of them and to prevent spoilers is preferred from bringing benefits, and other sharia rules. The doctors of our time are on two opinions: one prohibit abortion after 120 days and inflating the soul, the other went the prohibition of abortion when the sperm is settled in the uterus. But who is authorized determine the judgment for the execution of abortion in special cases before 120 days pass the fetus?

Controversial Issues of Abortion License According to Religious and Jurisprudential Laws in Iran: A Systematic Review

Background : Increase in the number of unwanted pregnancies has been considered to be among the health indices of the society. A large number of children, illegitimate children, and undesirable fetal gender might increase the prevalence of illegal abortions. Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the abortion license according to religious and jurisprudential laws in Iran. Methods: In this review, the related articles were found through searching of PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, SID, and Magiran databases as well as Muslim authorities’ sites using the following keywords: ethics, religious, abortion, and Islamic jurists’ fatwas, without any time limitations. Results: The majority of Islamic jurisprudents have considered abortion to be forbidden and nonreligious at any stage of development in case there is no justifiable reason. In case of fetal anomalies or threats to the mother’s life, abortion is allowed, based on the jurisprudential law (al-'usr wa el-haraj) and written permission by the department of forensic medicine. However, abortion is not permitted after ensoulment to the fetus, according to all scholars, with the exception of a few jurisprudents. Conclusion: The prohibition of abortion, in the view of most jurists, is not an absolute issue and might include exceptions. According to jurisprudential laws (al-'usr wa el-haraj), the prohibition of abortion has been abolished. Harassment and conflict in maternal-fetal life can also provide a license for abortion.

Whelan v. Ireland

Human rights — Right to freedom from cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment — Right to privacy — Right to equality and non-discrimination — Prohibition of abortion in a non-viable pregnancy — Whether Ireland violating its obligations under Articles 2(1), 3, 7, 17, 19 and 26 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 1966 — United Nations Human Rights Committee

ANALISIS PEMENUHAN HAK-HAK REPRODUKSI PADA IBU-IBU PKK RT 01 RW 03 KELURAHAN BINA WIDYA KEC. TAMPAN

The issue of women's rights is a study that received a lot of attention. The fact shows that the fate of women in western countries that are more advanced is not much different from other countries. This condition was also found in Indonesia. Various cases of reproductive rights violations can be seen from many rape cases, including marriage, coercion, prohibition of abortion, sexual harassment, torture, coercion on the use of contraception, lack of easy access to information about reproductive health problems, high rates of sexually transmitted infections ( STIs, including HIV / AIDS in women, and various forms of discrimination that make women less dominant. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which reproductive rights were fulfilled in PKK women RT 01 RW 03, Bina Widya Sub-district, Tampan District. This type of research is a qualitative study with in-depth interviews and limited observation. The informants in this study were women who were married and joined in the PKK and as key informants were PKK administrators and as supporters were PKK husbands and mothers. The analysis used in this study is qualitative analysis (content analysis). The results in this study are expressing that the fulfillment of reproductive rights in PKK women RT 01 and RW 03 Bina Widya sub-district Tampan District is almost fulfilled even though there are some assumptions that specialize in matters of pregnancy, giving birth to using family planning is women's business. The need for special health education discusses reproductive rights alone and in a comprehensive manner to strengthen the knowledge of the reproductive rights of PKK mothers by involving husbands and families.

Access to Abortion in Cases of Fatal Foetal Abnormality: A New Direction for the European Court of Human Rights?

ABSTRACT In contrast to the United Nations Human Rights Committee, the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) has not yet found that a prohibition of abortion in cases of fatal foetal abnormality violates the prohibition of torture or inhuman or degrading treatment under Article 3 of the European Convention on Human Rights. We argue that the ECtHR is on the verge of aligning itself with the Committee because, first, recent ECtHR jurisprudence is broadening its interpretation of rights within the abortion context; second, the ECtHR frequently uses international law as an interpretative tool; and, third, moving in the direction of the Committee would not be as controversial as it may have been in the past. More broadly, we view the proliferation of international and regional human rights' treaty regimes as a positive aspect of international human rights law and demonstrate how a body established to adjudicate on human rights disputes can, with some ingenuity, broaden its approach on sensitive topics by engaging with views of other human rights courts and treaty monitoring bodies.