Idea Of Progress Research Articles

New View of the Idea about Art Education, Reflected in the “School Practice” Journal Since 1906

At the beginning of the twentieth century in Bulgaria the developmentof the idea about art education has “common features” with the progressiveprocesses in other European countries, but is characterized with originality, which is determined by the national image and vitality of the Bulgarian art, influenced by the newly established National academy of art and from the democratic traditions in our enlightenment work. The article attempts a new reading of the “School Practice” journal, published in the period 1906 – 1912, which reflects bold and progressive for its time pedagogical ideas related to the utopian idea of the ideal school. The study of these progressive ideas for its time is based on historical retrospection, study and interpretation of selected articles published in the “School Practiceˮ journal.

The genesis of Bobbio’s liberalism (1939-1955): between classics old and new

ABSTRACT This essay aims to reconstruct the ‘genetic’ phase of Norberto Bobbio’s research on liberalism, through the theoretical confrontation he developed with some reference liberal authors, which we usually call ‘classics’. The paper reconstructs, first of all, the path of Bobbio from the years of his liberal formation, which took place in the sign of the works of Benedetto Croce, to the first gradual departure from the Crocian concept of freedom during the years of the Resistance. After the end of the Second World War, also thanks to the encounter with Karl Popper’s work, Bobbio’s arrival to the methodological individualism took place as well as the definitive departure from the idealistic and Croce's conception of freedom. The systematic criticism Bobbio addressed to his idea of liberalism, was developed in the volume Politics and culture, a crucial work to understand what the philosophical foundations of liberalism are according to Bobbio. The interpretation he gave of Benjamin Constant’s thought is important for two different reasons: firstly, starting from Constant, Bobbio anticipated as early as 1954 the famous Isaiah Berlin’s distinction between negative and positive liberty; secondly, this interpretation is fundamental to highlight the particularity and the anomaly of Bobbio’s liberalism.

Cracking Up: Black Feminist Comedy in the Twentieth- and Twenty-First Century United States

Cracking Up: Black Feminist Comedy in the Twentieth- and Twenty-First Century United States

Uncoupling Conceptual Understandings and Political Preferences: A Study of Democratic Attitudes among Singapore's Highly Educated Young People

Democracy is subject to constant and seemingly interminable contestation in academic and policy contexts, and yet, empirically and methodologically robust analysis of what the term means in practice for actual citizens has remained an area of relative lacuna. Admittedly, large-N surveys have attempted to address this research gap by examining attitudes to numerous components of democracy, but without the fine-grained detail required to overcome simply reproducing the focus on liberal procedural, Western precedent-based, top-down approaches to understanding such a complex and varied political system. This article proposes a methodological approach, based on the requirements of comparative political theory and research into how people view democracy. This allows us to explore political attitudes and the meaning of democracy with a bottom-up approach using the methods of repertory grid and in-depth interviews. Singapore is a particularly exciting case for comparative political science: although it has all the advantageous conditions that, according to classic modernization theory, promote the development of democracy, it is still not a democracy.<br/> To what extent will the conceptualization of democracy by citizens in a country like Singapore resemble theoretical definitions, and how suitable do they consider democracy to be for Singapore? What are their expectations for a good government or regime? This article examines what highly educated Singaporeans, ranging in age from their twenties to their forties, think about democracy. In doing so, the article also pursues the goal of comparing methods between repertory grid interviews and in-depth interviews in order to work out potential interfaces, and points of connection, between the two methods to allow for the most productive research outcomes. We find that, conceptually, these Singaporeans' perceptions of democracy appeared very similar to what is usually discussed as electoral democracy in established literature. When evaluating the performance of a government or a regime, however, liberal ideas of freedom and fairness competed with more pragmatic approaches that reflect the principles of progress and success as well as community and performance-focused orientations. As a result, our respondents did not prioritize democratic practices as much as other aspects of governance like e ciency. Our findings on the influence of state ideology on highly educated young people in Singapore strengthen the arguments of political myth as an integration and legitimization strategy in autocratic regimes and democratizing strong states or regimes with a particularly pronounced ideological hegemony.

Freedom and Fear: The Impact of Liberal Ideas in Rio de Janeiro during the First Reign

RESUMO Os ideais liberais da revolução do Porto reconheciam a representação popular e o governo pautado em leis. Se havia o medo do retorno do absolutismo, temia-se sobretudo a forma como as ideias liberais se desenhariam em solo brasileiro e impactariam a vida dos indivíduos. Portanto, aumentou-se o controle e a vigilância no que se referia às ideias que circulavam e àqueles que desembarcavam no Brasil, dado que a Corte era multiétnica e multirracial, conhecendo bem o que ocorria no mundo atlântico. Havia um constitucionalismo popular entre trabalhadores brancos pobres, escravos e libertos, os quais esperavam um tratamento igualitário perante a lei. Tais indivíduos não pertenciam a partidos políticos ou a movimentos sociais organizados coletivamente, agindo individualmente e, às vezes, como membros de algum grupo profissional. A circulação transnacional dessas ideias acaba contribuindo para a queda de D. Pedro I.

Проблема кризиса идеалов в политической фило­софии С.Л. Франка (к 100-летию «философского парохода»)

The subject of the article is the problem of the crisis of ideals generated by the European Enlightenment and the Modern era, as interpreted by Russian thinkers of the first third of the 20th century. Building on the conception of Semyon Frank, the author analyzes the relationship between the socio-political ideals of the Enlightenment in the Russian version and false “idols” that led Russia and Europe to an unprecedented escalation of evil in the early 20th century, is analyzed. Particular attention is paid to the assumption that the ideals of democracy as a true power of the people, as a result of uncritical imple­mentation, lead to revolutionary violence and further reproduction of tyranny. Two ver­sions of democracy are considered: according to Frank, one of them is genuine, based on the idea of disinterested service to the truth, and the second is “false”, oriented to­wards a totalitarian utopia, fundamentally hostile to freedom. The author also analyzes Frank’s views on the phenomenon of the “idol of culture”, which is based on the idea of linear progress. According to Frank, linear progress cannot prevent Russia and Europe from falling into barbarism. Moreover, it even significantly contributed to that break­down. It is concluded that Frank as a Christian philosopher and political thinker became one of the relatively few (along with, for example, Fyodor Stepun and Vladimir Weidle), but all the more significant conductors of the Russian cultural tradition in Europe and the European cultural tradition in Russia: that is, a genuine personification of the phe­nomenon of a “Russian European”.

Dravidian Ideology Regime

There are various interpretations of the word Dravidian. The word Dravidian was coined by Thanthai Periyar as a symbol of Cultural Revolution rather than just a language term. Dravidian parties with progressive ideas like social reform as their policy objective have come to power and are implementing the principles of Dravidian ideology and implementing schemes. Thus, Tamil Nadu is growing as a more advanced state in social progress than other states of the Indian Union. However, some people are expressing the opinion that Tamil Nadu declined because of Dravidam. The uninitiated and the uninformed are opposing the benefits they are enjoying due to Dravidian ideology due to their ignorance. The success of Dravidian ideology lies in clarifying their ignorance as well. That is how Dravidian ideology has succeeded in clearing the ignorance of many. This article seeks to explain the rise of Tamil Nadu due to Dravidianism.

Investing in the Ummatic Cause: The Philanthropic Activities of ‘Abd Allāh ibn ‘Alawī al-’Aṭṭās (d. 1929)

<p>‘Abd Allāh ibn ‘Alawī al-’Aṭṭās (d. 1929) was born into a wealthy family and became a well-known Hadrami property-owner in Batavia (Jakarta). He lived in a dynamic era in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, which witnessed the awakening of the Hadrami community in the Netherlands East Indies or colonial Indonesia. As a strong supporter of Islamic reformism, he was heavily involved in disseminating the idea of progress and sponsoring a number of revivalist efforts, particularly in the field of education. His substantial financial contribution in this regard earned him a prominent reputation, although this was not always understood by his own community. However, his revivalist and philanthropic activities are rarely studied in depth. This article will discuss al-’Aṭṭās’ financial support toward the promotion of the ummatic cause in the Netherlands East Indies. The question of how his financial contributions were directed to improve the conditions of the ummah will be addressed thoroughly. This study uses the historical method and employs a number of primary sources that have not been widely used. It also utilizes research about charity and philanthropy to enrich the discussion. This study will, hopefully, broaden our understanding of the role of philanthropic activities in an effort to infuse revivalism in the Muslim society through one of its main proponents in the Netherlands East Indies.</p>

MILITARY JUSTICE IN UKRAINE: RENAISSANCE DURING WARTIME

In the article, the authors raise issues that are relevant for the modern legal system of Ukraine, related to the need to revive the military justice system and, in particular, military courts. The authors emphasize that during the peaceful existence of Ukraine, a dangerous illusion was formed in the society regarding the unnecessary functioning of military justice in the state, however, unforeseen realities fundamentally changed the liberal ideas of peacetime. After the beginning of the armed aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine, the work of many courts was completely paralyzed, the judges did not have an algorithm of actions in war conditions, they urgently left for safe cities, including outside the territory of Ukraine, leaving proceedings, documentation, unfinished cases. The study allowed the authors to come to the conclusion that in a situation of continuing armed aggression, the presence of powerful Armed Forces in the state, and when the country is forced to fight for its independence, it is the military courts that are able to ensure legality and exercise justice and judicial control in accordance with their subject jurisdiction. In order to determine the optimal model of military justice, the authors examined the genesis of approaches that existed in society and characterized its attitude to the system of military justice. They analyzed the precedent practice of the European Court of Human Rights, in the context of alleged violations of Art. 6 of the Criminal Code during the administration of justice by military courts, as well as systematized key approaches developed by the Court, which are proposed to be taken into account when restoring the system of military courts in Ukraine. In addition, the authors systematized the existing models of military justice in the world, identified correlations that, apparently, led to the rejection of military justice by some countries, provided detailed arguments about the need to restore it in Ukraine, and indicated promising directions for further scientific research in this area.

Graves beyond the waves: enforced strandedness and the impossibility of place-making in the Andaman Sea

ABSTRACT Since 2017, more than one million Rohingya have been forcibly displaced from their country of birth, Myanmar. While most of the displaced Rohingya are currently living in refugee camps along the Myanmar–Bangladesh border, thousands have continued their journeys in search of safety across the Andaman Sea, especially to Malaysia, but also Thailand and Indonesia. During these journeys, many endured prolonged stays at sea. Smugglers who organised these passages tried to extort higher payments from their clients’ families before proceeding with the passage. More importantly, governments of potential destination countries prevented the boats from disembarking leading to prolonged periods of strandedness at sea. While land transit situations have received substantial academic attention, interest in maritime transit settings has lagged behind. This article relates progressive ideas of place-making found in the refugees studies literature to scenarios of prolonged and forced stuckedness at sea and puts forward the argument that those Rohingya kept on boats inhabit a ‘non-place’, a space that denies them the opportunity to live in and maintain any sort of organic community. This article shows how Southeast Asian transit and destination countries have exploited the sea for its anti-place-making potential for maritime refugees such as the Rohingya and created carceral seascapes for the boats they travel on. This recent development entails dangerous precedents that can be exploited in exercising (extra-territorial) exclusions.

Review: MOVE: An American Religion, by Richard Kent Evans

Review: <i>MOVE: An American Religion</i>, by Richard Kent Evans

Penerapan Pola Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Pada Kelompok Tani di Kabupaten Magelang dan Temanggung

The agricultural sector has an important role in supporting the national economy. The role is the creation of food security, a contributor to gross domestic product, job creation, poverty alleviation, a provider of food and industrial raw materials, a source of community income. All of the respondents in this study have farmed livestock. The application of the pattern of community service to farmer groups in Magelang Regency and Temanggung Regency shows that most farmers/breeders are of productive age and can increase agricultural productivity after receiving guidance from the Ministry of Agriculture program. Communication patterns have the same perception of group goals, division of tasks with members' abilities, trust in the group, level of satisfaction with the group, channels for communicating id / ideas for group progress and the achievement of member goals through the group. Trust in the group and the level of satisfaction with the group increased because of the guidance from the Ministry of Agriculture.

Makna Hizb dalam Al-Qur’an: Mengungkap Pesan Moral Al-Qur’an tentang Politik Identitas

The Meaning of Hizb in the Qur'an: Revealing the Moral Message of the Qur'an about Identity Politics This article discusses the moral message of the Qur'anic verses about hizb in relation to identity politics. This study is motivated by the use of the term hizb which is not in line with the moral message of the Koran and tends to be misused for the benefit of power politics. To reveal the moral message of the Koran used qualitative research by making the verses of the Koran about hizb as the object of study. Al-Qur'an verses about hizb are described thematically with the double movement theory approach, Fazlur Rahman. The results of this study indicate that the verses about hizb imply a moral message that is directly related to identity politics, especially the relationship between the existence of human plurality and divine principles. This relationship is formed by the existence of religiosity which supports the maintenance of ethical values. In addition, progressive ideas born from a nation's democracy always rest on ethical and rational truths. Ethical truth directs people consciously to maintain their identity without ignoring rational truth. Meanwhile, rational truth is placed properly in maintaining national unity in the discourse of democracy

The Concept of “Good Governance” in the Context of the European Integration Process

There are many influential studies relating to the phenomenon of “good governance” in legal, economic or political dimensions. The major purpose of this paper is to present an interdisciplinary approach that attempts to integrate legal, economic, and political fields to analyse the indicated concept. This article aims at illustrating the interactions and interdependences between “good governance” and the school of law and economics, especially within the European Integration process, founded on the said principles. Apart from legal and economic issues, the indicated areas form a specifi c fi eld of politics which should be perceived through the prism of political science. The economic approach requires focusing attention on the process of profi t maximisation, however, one should not ignore the element of classical political disputes. The hypothesis of this article is the following statement: the decomposition of the liberal idea of law and economy may translate into a downturn of the European supranational structures, leading to the modifi cation of institutions relying on the principles of “good governance”.

Doing Business in the Schools of the Welfare State: Competing “Entrepreneurial Selves” and the Roots of Entrepreneurship Education in 1980s Sweden

This article concerns the rise of young entrepreneurship education programs in 1980s Sweden, which entered schools surprisingly early and quickly, backed by organized Swedish business. The increased popularity of entrepreneurship education toward the end of the twentieth century in many European welfare states is usually associated with a shift toward neoliberal, market-oriented, policies. It is argued here that an important reason for young entrepreneurship’s success was its ability to connect with the Swedish tradition of cooperation and democratic decision making, in combination with values such as individualism and competition. A case in point is the surprising compatibility between progressive pedagogical ideas and “neoliberal” entrepreneurialism. The article is based on a study of Ung Företagsamhet (Young Entrepreneurship, henceforth UF), the Swedish version of the American organization Junior Achievement, and the ambition of the consumer cooperative movement’s think tank, Koopi, to offer a different kind of entrepreneurship education. In the analysis, the concept of “the entrepreneurial self” is applied to these two different programs, and the results show how they clashed, but also overlapped, in ways that help explain the success of UF. The article is a contribution to our understanding of how entrepreneurship discourse emerged and manifested itself in everyday environments in the late twentieth century, and as such also contributes to the history of Nordic neoliberalism.

The Armenian Nationalist-Liberal (Reorganiazed Hunchakian) Party In 1917-1921

The international and political situation that came into existence after World War I dictated to the Armenian political forces to reconsider their programs and practices. The Reorganized Hunchakian Party, which was dedicated to the liberation of Western Armenians and advocated liberal ideas, adopted the name “Nationalist-Liberal”. The Liberals believed that the Armenian state that would unite the Republic of Armenia, Western Armenia and Cilicia, should have a presidential system of government and temporarily accept the patronage of a great power. The party played a significant role in Armenian social and political life in 1917-1921. After the establishment of the Soviet regime in Armenia, the ideological differences between the Liberals and the Soviet government did not disappear, however, the party’s priority became to help Armenia, which continued after the unification of the Liberals and the Ramgavars.

Back to the Future: Leo Strauss, Gershom Scholem and the Restorative Messianic Utopia

This article offers a critical analysis of the dispute between two prominent twentieth-century Jewish thinkers—Leo Strauss and Gershom Scholem—on the temporal nature of Jewish messianism, particularly the messianism of the Lurianic kabbalah. Whereas Strauss uses Scholem’s authority to criticize the idea of progress and claims that the messianic idea of Lurianism as interpreted by Scholem is purely restorative, Scholem actually argues for its dialectical nature: neither progressive nor regressive but seeking to synthesize the past and future in the utopian figure of “restoring” the original potentiality. The purpose of my analysis is twofold: to expose Strauss’s misreading of Scholem’s theory which has so far escaped the critical attention of scholars, and to contribute to the debate on religion and change by deconstructing the apparent opposition of progress and return (or utopia and restoration) in Jewish messianic tradition.

Women Art Educators of the Design Workshop and the Advancement of Progressive Art Education

Ralph Pearson’s Design Workshop was a center of progressive art education in New York. However, based on the correspondence courses that he developed, he was able to reach artists and art educators across the United States. Women artists and art educators dominated his courses and went on to play an important role in spreading progressive art education ideas within their local communities. Recognition of the contributions of these Design Workshop women, as well as other women studying modern art education in similar venues, is essential in moving away from constructions of art education history that have been overly determined by a disproportionate focus on modern art education in large urban areas, and doing so will lead to a more comprehensive history that is inclusive of local communities as important spaces of experimentation.

Rocks and Streams and Love and Liberation – Dialogues with Ecology and Buddhist Practice in Gary Snyder’s Love Poems

After 1990, and increasingly in recent years, it became possible in South Africa to extend our focus in teaching and writing about literature to consider how the project of social liberation might relate to ecological awareness, or even spiritual experience. This essay is about some of the poetry by the North American writer Gary Snyder that I’ve found inspirational in this regard. His work embodies a lifetime’s lively conversation between ecological engagement and Buddhist practice and invokes the idea of liberation at many levels. At the heart of this is an image of the interconnected, nondual reality he calls in one poem ‘rocks and streams.’ This aspect of Snyder’s work is fairly well known, but how does it relate to the love poetry he has continued to write since the 1950s? What, if anything, do the poems about the love of a partner have to do with spiritual practice, and the core eco-Buddhist insights that have defined his writing? These are the questions that interest me here.

Principles of land law of Ukraine

This article is devoted to topical issues of legal regulation of land relations in the state.&#x0D; One of the central issues of land relations in Ukraine - the issue of principles of land law - is studied.&#x0D; The purpose of the study is: analysis of the principles of land law of Ukraine, definition of the principles of land law, classification of the basic principles of land law.&#x0D; The author considers the main criteria for classifying the principles of land law.&#x0D; The concept of principles of land law is defined.&#x0D; Principles of land law are the basic guiding principles, significant ideas, postulates, which are reflected in the laws and regulations of the state and which follow from the content of legal norms, legal doctrine and case law.&#x0D; The author draws attention to the fact that the principles of land law are legally enshrined in both the Constitution of Ukraine and the Land Code. The scientist notes that the above principles are embodied in the basic legal norms and institutions of land law.&#x0D; The importance of the principles of land law is subject not only to the legal regulation of land relations, but in some cases serves as a means of overcoming gaps in land law.&#x0D; The most common qualifications of the principles of land law are studied.&#x0D; One of the new and extremely important principles of land law was the principle of digitalization.&#x0D; All subjects of land relations must adhere to the principles of land law.&#x0D; The principles of land law are designed to provide ideological guidance for the improvement and development of land law.&#x0D; In particular, they encourage the implementation of progressive ideas in the new land legislation by amending numerous legal acts, and as a result, contribute to the improvement of judicial practice in resolving land disputes.&#x0D; The author claims that the principles of land law are being changed and clarified in accordance with changes in state policy in the field of land relations.&#x0D; Based on the analysis of normative-legal and legislative acts, scientific literature, the author has developed and substantiated the conclusions of the research.